Victor hugo (l802 ~ 1885) is one of the greatest writers in the history of French literature and the leader of the French romantic movement. His life almost spanned the whole19th century, and his literary career lasted for 60 years, with enduring creation. His romantic novels are wonderful and moving, vigorous and powerful, and have permanent charm for readers.
Hugo 1802 was born in Besancon in the south of France. My grandfather is a carpenter and my father is an American officer. He was awarded the rank of general by Joseph Bonaparte, the brother of King Napoleon of Spain, and was a close friend of the king.
Hugo is very talented and smart. At the age of 9, he began to write poems. Go back to Paris to study at the age of 65,438+00. After graduating from high school, he entered law school, but his interest was writing. /kloc-when he was 0/5 years old, he wrote Reading Music at the French Academy, which was rewarded by the French Academy. 17 years old, won the first prize of "Hundred Flowers Poetry Competition". At the age of 20, he published a collection of poems, Poetry and Fu. But later, I was disappointed with the Bourbon Dynasty and the July Dynasty and became a pacifist. He also wrote many poems, plays and plays. He created a large number of novels with distinctive features and practiced his thoughts.
1827, Hugo published the play Cromwell and its preface. Although the script was not performed, the preface was regarded as a declaration of French romanticism and an epoch-making document in the history of literature.
From 65438 to 0830, Hugo's play Onani was staged in the Grand Theatre of the French Academy, which had a great influence and established the leading position of romanticism in French literature.
Onani tells the story of a robber from Spain, Onani, who rebelled against the king in the16th century. Hugo praised the robber's chivalry and aristocratic temperament, showing a strong anti-feudal tendency.
1830 In July, the "July Revolution" occurred in France, and the feudal restoration dynasty was overthrown. Hugo enthusiastically praised the revolution, the revolutionaries, and wrote poems to mourn the heroes who died in the street fighting.
Notre Dame de Paris, published in 183 1, is Hugo's most romantic novel and one of his representative works. The plot of the novel is bizarre, tense, vivid, unpredictable, dramatic and legendary, which shows Hugo's strong hatred for the feudal government and church and his deep sympathy for the lower classes.
After the "July Revolution", France established the "July Dynasty" ruled by the big bourgeoisie headed by the financier Louis Philippe. The July dynasty kept wooing Hugo, and Hugo was elected to the French Academy at 184 1. 1845, Louis Philippe made him a French aristocrat and became a member of the French Academy. Hugo's enthusiasm for struggle in creation has weakened. 1843, he wrote a mysterious play "garrison officer", which was booed by the audience and failed. Hugo was silent for nearly 10 years without writing.
1848 In June, the people of Paris held a revolution, overthrew the July Dynasty and established the Republic of China. Hugo didn't understand the revolution at first, but when the big bourgeoisie plotted to destroy the Republic, Hugo became a staunch pacifist. 185 1 1 February, louis bonaparte staged a coup, and Hugo participated in the anti-coup uprising organized by * * * and party member. After louis bonaparte came to power, the Second Empire of France was established. He pursued a policy of terror and ruthlessly suppressed the rebels. Hugo was persecuted and had to go into exile.
During his exile, Hugo persisted in his struggle with Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte. He wrote political satirical pamphlets and poems and lashed out at Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte's dictatorship. During this period, he published the novels Les Miserables, Marine Laborers and Smiling Man.
1870 When the Franco-Prussian War broke out, after France was defeated in Sedan, the Prussian army pushed Paris. At the critical moment of national peril, Hugo returned to the motherland after 19 years in exile. He made speeches everywhere, calling on the French people to rise up against the German aggressors and defend the motherland. He also bought two cannons with the reward of his work and reading poems, which showed his lofty patriotism.
When the Paris Commune revolted, Hugo didn't understand the revolution. However, when the commune failed and the reactionary government frantically suppressed the commune members, Hugo angrily condemned the cruelty of the reactionaries. He called for the pardon of all commune members and announced in the newspaper that his residence in Brussels, Belgium would be used as a refuge for exiled members. To this end, his home was attacked by reactionary thugs, and he almost died, but he still held his ground.
Hugo died in 1885. The French people held a state funeral for this great poet. His body was buried in the pantheon built for the burial of great men.
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original text
On the night of March 1870, Halwei Captain took the route from Southampton to Guernsey as usual. The night at sea is thick and foggy. The captain stood on the bridge and carefully piloted his Normandy. The passengers are asleep.
Normandy is a big ship, and it may be considered as one of the most beautiful mail ships in the English Channel. Its deadweight is 600 tons, and its hull is 220 feet long and 25 feet wide. Sailors say it is "young" because it is only seven years old and was built in 1863.
The fog is getting thicker and thicker. After the ship sailed out of Southampton River, it came to the vast sea, and it was estimated that it was 15 nautical miles away from the Ejuy Mountains. The ship is moving slowly. It was about four o'clock in the morning.
It was dark around, and the top of the mast was almost invisible.
There is nothing to be afraid of when an English ship like this sails at night.
Suddenly, a black spot appeared in the thick fog. It looks like a ghost and a mountain peak. I saw a gloomy bow leaning forward, breaking through the darkness and flying wave by wave. That's the Mary, a big ship with a propeller. It set sail from Odessa, carrying 500 tons of wheat, which is very fast and has a particularly large load. It came straight to Normandy.
The ship is about to hit, and there is no way to avoid it for an instant. It seems that many phantoms of ships have been raised in the fog. Before people can see them one by one, they will die at the last minute and be buried in the belly of fish.
The "Mary", which was running at full speed, hit the side of the "Normandy" and opened a big hole in her ship.
As a result of this collision, the Mary injured herself and finally stopped. There were twenty-eight crew members, a waitress and thirty-one passengers on the Normandy, twelve of whom were women.
Shock is terrible. In a flash, men, women, children, all of them rushed to the deck. People were half naked, running, screaming, crying, terrified and in chaos. The sea water poured into it, surging and unstoppable. The turbine furnace hissed and gasped by the waves.
There is no leak-proof partition wall in the cabin seal, and the lifebuoy is not enough.
Halwei Captain stood on the podium and shouted, "Everybody be quiet and pay attention to your orders! Put down the lifeboat. Women go first, other passengers follow, and the flight attendants stay behind. Sixty people must be rescued. "
In fact, a * * *, there are 61 people, but he forgot himself.
The crew quickly untied the lifeboat. Everyone swarmed, and the momentum of pushing and shoving almost overturned the boat. The first mate, Aoukel Fu, and the three second mates tried their best to maintain order, but the whole crowd was almost crazy because of the sudden change, and it was as chaotic as a bee. A few seconds ago, everyone was still sleeping. Suddenly, soon, they were going to die. How can this not make people lose their minds!
Just then, the captain's majestic voice drowned out all the cries and noises. In the darkness, people heard this short and powerful conversation: "Where is Locke's mechanic?"
"Did the captain call me?"
"What about the stove?"
"The sea is flooding."
"What about the fire?"
"Get out."
"What about the machine?"
"Stop."
The captain shouted, "Chief Aguirre Fu!"
The first mate replied, "Here!"
The captain asked, "How many minutes do we have?"
"Twenty minutes."
"That's enough," said the captain. "Let everyone aboard. Chief mate Hautcoeur Fu, do you have a pistol? "
"yes, captain."
"If a man dares to stand in front of a woman, you can shoot him."
Everyone was silent at once. No one goes against his will, and people feel that a great soul appears above them. "Mary" also put down the lifeboat and came to rescue the people who died because of its failure.
The rescue work was carried out in an orderly way, and there were almost no disputes and fights. It's always like this. Where there is despicable egoism, there will be tragic self-sacrifice to save others.
Halway stands tall in the position of captain, commanding, dominating and leading everyone. He considered all the people and things. In the face of the panicked crowd, he was as cool as a cucumber, as if he were giving orders to the disaster, not to others, and even the wrecked ship seemed to obey his orders.
After a while, he shouted, "Get Clemens out!"
Clemens is a trainee sailor, but he is only a child.
The ship sank slowly into the deep sea.
People tried their best to speed up and paddle back and forth between Normandy and Mary. "Quick!" The captain shouted again
Twenty minutes later, the ship sank.
The bow sank first, and in a short time, the sea flooded the stern.
Halwei Captain stood on the bridge, without making a gesture or saying a word. Just like iron casting, he did not move and sank into the abyss with the ship. People watched the black statue slowly sink into the sea through the gloomy mist.
Halwei Captain's life ended like this.
No sailor can match him in the English Channel.
All his life, he asked himself to be loyal to his duties and complete his life. Facing death, he became a hero in his own right.
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Reaction to a book or an article
The brilliance of humanity
-thoughts on reading the victims of Normandy
Just after learning this text, my heart can't help shaking. I'm a little reluctant. Did this great captain just disappear? I don't believe it. When I used to read a book, a great man like him would have a good result. But it's true: the great Halwei Captain disappeared in the vast sea with his boat.
The story of Normandy is about the night of March 1870 17, when Normandy was sailing on a foggy night and was heading for Guernsey. Suddenly the "Mary" hit it, and the "Mary" opened a big hole in its hull. At this time, people were half naked, panicked and rushed to the lifeboat. However, in a crisis, Chief Awukel Fu resolutely pointed a gun at those messy people and said, "If a man dares to rush in front of a woman, you can shoot him." When the man was rescued, the captain was still standing on the boat, unwilling to leave, like a black sculpture, and resolutely sank into the sea with the boat.
After reading this article, I felt a monument and a tall heroic image-Halwei Captain. Isn't his spirit of putting others before others worth learning? Maybe Halwei Captain thought of himself, but in the end he decided to die. It's really great to trade one life for another, because there is only one life! What moved me the most was the last paragraph. Halwei Captain only thought about others, put aside his own life and death, stuck to his duties and posts, and regarded the boat as his own effort and life, which made it possible for the boat to survive. Closing the Chinese book, this passage makes me feel that people should be calm in times of crisis. When the ship was wrecked, the captain forgot his own danger and thought of others. He is so calm! I can't help but feel ashamed at the thought of yelling and panicking when I am in danger, and sometimes I just think about whether it is convenient for me and don't consider whether the interests of others are damaged at all. After reading the captain's behavior, I understand that no matter what you do, you should always think about whether it hurts the interests of others and is beneficial to others, rather than being self-centered. Halwei Captain is a real soldier. His noble quality and steely will let me know a lot, and constantly inspire me to keep working hard in my study and life.
Captain, I'm proud of you! I'm proud of you! Your noble quality of being loyal to your duties and giving yourself up to save others will become the standard of my life; You will always be an example for us to learn.