First, the interpretation of teaching materials
1. Short text.
This text is a famous fairy tale by Danish writer Andersen. It tells the story of a little match girl who froze to death in the street on New Year's Eve. Realism and fiction appear alternately, and beautiful illusion and cruel reality appear alternately, which is the characteristic of this fairy tale and the most touching place of this sad story.
At the beginning, the author describes the situation of the little girl: the street is cold and dark, it is snowing, and the little girl is still selling matches in the street. Then, I wrote five times what the little girl saw in the light of matches to keep warm-warm stove, delicious roast goose, beautiful Christmas tree and kind grandmother, until she flew away with her grandmother. Finally, the little girl froze to death in the street.
The main purpose of writing this lesson is to guide students to grasp the content of the text as a whole, pay attention to the fate of the characters in the text and deeply understand the author's thoughts and feelings; The second is to understand the expression of the author's combination of reality and reality, and understand the effect of this expression; Third, through the text, let students approach Andersen and stimulate students' interest in reading Andersen's fairy tales.
The teaching focus of this course is to guide students to grasp the content of the text, pay attention to the fate of the characters in the text, deeply understand the author's thoughts and feelings, and understand the expression and effect of the author's combination of reality and reality.
The difficulty in teaching is to understand some profound sentences in the last three paragraphs of the text.
2. Text analysis.
Understanding of (1) sentence.
It's freezing, snowing and getting dark. This is the last day of the year-New Year's Eve.
This is the first sentence at the beginning of the story, pointing out the time when the story happened-New Year's Eve. For ordinary people, New Year's Eve means happiness and happy reunion. Behind the story is a sad story of a little girl. The festive atmosphere highlighted the tragic fate of the little girl.
(2) Dare she take one out of a match and burn it on the wall to warm her hands? She finally pulled out one.
There are several sentences about the little girl striking a match, such as "She struck another match", "She struck another match", "She struck another match on the wall" and "She quickly struck a match to keep grandma".
Matches are the source of life for a little girl's family. A match is very precious to a girl. Not selling a match a day, her guilt and fear made her more afraid of wasting a match. But why did she burn one after another until she burned a lot? If the first time she dared to "finally" take out one, it was because she was too cold, then the next few times had nothing to do with cold.
The illusion of lighting a match for the first time brought her a moment of happiness and joy, so she lit the match again and again without thinking. "Dare she take one out of a pile of matches and light it on the wall to warm her hands?" In sharp contrast to "she struck a match quickly". The hesitation of the former and the hesitation of the latter express the strong inner needs of the little girl. She longed for everything in her fantasy to come true and never disappear, especially her loving grandmother, so she wasted a match to keep her imaginary grandmother.
(3) "Someone is going to die." The little girl said. The only grandmother who loved her told her when she was alive: when a star falls, a soul will go to God.
This passage not only plays a transitional role, but also implies the death of the little girl, and also indicates that the little girl will see her grandmother the next time she lights a match. The author wrote this with great care.
4 "Grandma!" The little girl cried, "ah! Please take me away! I know that as soon as the match goes out, you will disappear, just like a warm stove, a fragrant roast goose and a beautiful Christmas tree! "
If we can understand the inner desire of the little girl through the illusion in the whole article, then these inner monologues of the little girl have deepened our feelings. When she saw her dear grandmother, she cried eagerly. Knowing that grandma would disappear as soon as the match went out, she begged grandma to take her away. She expressed her painful feelings to her grandmother at this time. Four exclamation marks appeared in the little girl's words, expressing her desire. In teaching, students should be guided to experience seriously.
They flew away in light and happiness, flying higher and higher, to a place without cold, hunger and pain.
The little girl died in a wonderful illusion. As long as the little girl lives in this world, there is only cold, only hunger and only pain.
No one knows what wonderful things she has seen and how happy she is. She followed her grandmother to the happiness of the New Year.
We should pay attention to two "once" and two "happiness" in the sentence. Once, refers to the illusion when a match burns. The former's "happiness" can be understood from the above: the little girl spent her life in a beautiful illusion and was very happy before she died; The latter "happiness" means that when the little girl died, she was completely happy without cold, hunger and pain. Through these two "happiness", we can feel the author's depressed sadness, his deep sympathy for the poor and his strong dissatisfaction with the social reality of the disparity between the rich and the poor.
(2) Understanding of words.
Christmas tree: Christians commemorate the birth of Jesus on February 25th, and call this day "Christmas". At Christmas, the cut fir or pine trees are displayed in the house and decorated with candles, candy, paper flowers, toys and pictures. This is the so-called Christmas tree.
Blink: to shine.
Soul: superstitious people believe in things attached to the human body and think that death means that the soul leaves the body.
Second, the teaching objectives
1. Can write six new words and correctly read and write the words "cradle, apron, leg roll, crack, filler, window".
2. Read the text with emotion, grasp the content of the text, pay attention to the fate of the characters in the text, and understand the author's thoughts and feelings.
3. Understand the expression method of the author's combination of reality and reality, and realize the effect of this expression.
Third, teaching suggestions
1. Students are no strangers to Andersen's fairy tales, not only because Andersen's Ugly Duckling was selected as the teaching material, but also because of the extensive influence of the 100-year-old immigrants and their works in China (Mr. Zhou Zuoren first introduced Andersen's works to China in 19 13). For sixth-grade students, they may find Andersen's fairy tales superficial. Therefore, every teacher should pay attention to the accurate positioning of teaching objectives, find the starting point of teaching, give students a new perspective and stimulate their interest in reading Andersen's fairy tales.
2. In order to make students deeply understand the thoughts and feelings expressed in the text, we must pay attention to reading the text with emotion, and feel the misery of the little girl's life and the sympathy of the author through reading aloud. You can combine after-class thinking 2 to guide students to combine reading and understanding. In the process of reading aloud, combined with students' reading comprehension, the focus is on the part of striking matches. Through the comparison between fantasy and reality, we can read the beauty that the little girl yearns for and the harshness of reality, as well as the deep sympathy between the lines of the author, so as to understand the expression method and effect of the author. When reading aloud, we should pay attention to guiding students to read the scene described by illusion.
3. The difficulty of this teaching is how to make children in China feel the life situation of the little girl in those days, and feel the misery and bitterness of the little girl, which is the focus of cultivating children's compassion and humanitarian spirit. Teachers should combine reading, thinking and discussion in teaching, and don't separate them artificially. For example, in the part of "selling matches", let the students read the contents since the enlightenment by themselves, and then communicate their feelings with specific sentences, focusing on the misery and pain of the little girl in real life and guiding the children into the text. In the part of "striking matches", students can be inspired by silent reading as a whole to say, what does the little girl see every time she strikes a few matches? Discuss again: Why does she keep lighting matches? Then take the first match as an example to guide intensive reading, to read the courage of the little girl to light the match, the strangeness of the match flame, and the ruthlessness of returning to reality after the match is extinguished. On the basis of reading aloud and feeling, discuss: Why did she see the big stove under the light of matches? Let the students realize that because the little girl is too cold, they expect the big stove to appear, which shows that the author's imagination and description are completely based on reality and very reasonable. The content of the second, third, fourth and fifth games is for students to learn by themselves after reading this paragraph. Finally, these parts are connected and interpreted emotionally, so as to deepen the overall understanding and feelings.
4. There are some profound sentences in this paper, such as the two mentioned in question 3, which should be given full attention in teaching. Students can be encouraged to ask questions about sentences themselves, and then organize students to discuss in depth in connection with the context, exchange their own understanding and experience, and appreciate the meaning of sentences and the feelings contained by the author.
5. The fourth topic after class is that students provide a platform for exchanging reading experience, so we should make full use of the teaching materials. Can guide students to read the poem "Don't ask, why is this?" It is necessary to understand the author's concern and sympathy for the little girl's fate, so as to open the topic and let the students write a few words to the little girl selling matches, read them to the little girl affectionately, express their inner feelings, and cultivate and infect their feelings while writing.
6. Pay attention to the arrangement characteristics and purpose of this group in teaching. After learning the text, teachers should introduce students to Andersen's fairy tales and their influences, stimulate students' interest in reading, organize students to carry out reading exchange activities through "approaching Andersen" or "Andersen's fairy tale story meeting", guide students to read the whole book and expand students' extracurricular reading. This is also the design intention of topic selection after class.
7. In the teaching of new words in this course, we should pay attention to the writing of the word "Du". The word "dou" is 1 1, and the stroke order is: dou.
Fourth, teaching cases.
Fragments:
Pay attention to the fate of the characters and understand the author's feelings
Teacher: The little match girl's life is so miserable and her fantasy is so beautiful! The fate of the little match girl affects all of us. Please read the last three paragraphs of the text again, contact the above, put forward what you think is worth discussing, and discuss in groups.
(Students read and communicate. )
Teacher: Who can say, do you have any questions to ask?
Student: The text says that the little girl and grandma flew to a place without cold, hunger and pain. My question is, what kind of place is this? What does this sentence mean?
Teacher: OK, are there any other questions?
Health: Why did the little girl have a smile on her lips when she died?
Health: I noticed that I used two happiness at the end. The little girl died so miserably, why did I use "happiness"?
Teacher: These questions are very valuable. Can you find the answer by yourselves? Discuss in groups.
(Students discuss and communicate. )
Teacher: Did you find the answer? Who will be the first to speak?
Health: I think "a place without cold, hunger and pain" may be a little girl's dream paradise. Because in real life, it is impossible for the poor to live without hunger, cold and pain, and only the legendary paradise is possible.
Teacher: Yes, the little girl "flew to a place without cold, hunger and pain", which actually means that the little girl died tragically.
Health: I understand why the little girl died with a smile on her lips. Because the little girl had so many beautiful dreams when she died, she died in beautiful fantasies, especially when she met her grandmother who loved her most, so she died with a smile on her lips.
Teacher: reading this, our mood is so heavy. A little girl with a beautiful fantasy, a little girl who wanted to live a happy life, died tragically! Go on, what else have you read?
Health: The second kind of happiness is not real happiness. To say that she is "happy for the New Year" actually means that she is dead.
Health: I think the two "happiness" at the end are like this: the little girl is not really happy, but she saw what she wanted most before her death, especially with her grandmother who loved her only, and she felt happy.
Teacher: Your understanding is reasonable. Andersen is a great writer with a broad mind and a kind heart. How he hopes that poor people like the little match girl can get real happiness. Who wants to talk about their feelings?
Student: Paragraph 8 of the text says, "Someone is going to die." The little girl said. The only grandmother who loved her told her when she was alive: when a star falls, a soul will go to God. "When I read this place, I felt very sad, because the poor little girl didn't know that it was herself who went to God this time.
Health: This passage also moved me very much: "The next morning, the little girl was sitting in the corner, her cheeks were red and her mouth was smiling." She died and froze to death on the eve of the old year. "I have a very sad feeling. The new year's sun rises, people greet the new year happily, but the little match girl can't see the new year's sun anymore.
Teacher: Students, this little match girl's life is so painful, her fantasy is so beautiful, and her ending is so tragic. The story touched our hearts deeply. A child named Liu Qianqian from China read this fairy tale and was deeply moved. He wrote a poem "Don't ask, why?" Let's read this poem together.
(raw reading. )
Teacher: The story of the little match girl deeply touched every reader. Two hundred years have passed, and this lonely girl full of fantasy in Andersen's works has been living in our hearts. After class, please write a few words for the little match girl. Andersen wrote more than 100 fairy tales in his life, which were deeply loved by children and adults all over the world. At the end of this class, the teacher recommended the complete works of Andersen's fairy tales to everyone. I hope the students will study as hard as they do today, and you will certainly benefit a lot.
1. Andersen (1805— 1875) is a world-famous fairy tale writer. He was born in odense, a small town in central Denmark. My father is a poor shoemaker and used to be a mercenary in Napoleon's army. After my father died, my mother made a living by washing clothes, and my grandmother sometimes went to the streets to beg. Due to his poor family, Andersen never went to a formal school in his childhood. At the age of fourteen, he went to Copenhagen alone and worked as a handyman in the theater. Later, with the help of some artists, I got a scholarship before I officially went to school. He studied hard and finally became a writer from illiteracy.
At the age of seventeen, Andersen published the poetic drama Alfsol, and embarked on the road of literary creation. Andersen wrote some plays, novels, travel notes and poems, but his main works are fairy tales. His fairy tales are different from the past, not a restatement of folklore. Based on real life, Andersen created 168 fairy tales by romanticism. Andersen's first collection of fairy tales, Stories for Children, was published at the end of 1835 as a New Year gift for children. Since then, his fairy tales have been published.
In English-speaking countries, Andersen's works are a model of youth education, and he also belongs to the whole world. His works have been translated into more than 80 languages, which is Denmark's greatest contribution to world literature.
2. Andersen's My Fairy Tale Life (excerpt)
My desire to write fairy tales is getting stronger and stronger, and I can't write any more. Some people like the fairy tales I mentioned above, and the spark of friendship urges me to display my talents as much as possible and write more fairy tales. The following year, my second collection of fairy tales was published. Soon after, I published my third book, which contained the longest fairy tale I wrote, Daughter of the Sea. This fairy tale is quite eye-catching, and people have begun to show great interest in my later collection of fairy tales. Later, every Christmas, I would publish a new collection of fairy tales. My collection of fairy tales can't stay on the Christmas tree every year, which soon became a routine. Mr feaster and Miss jorgenson even tried to tell me a novel and interesting fairy tale on the stage. My fairy tales are different from those fairy tales that make people tired of listening to rhetoric. They are so fresh and diverse.
……
A very famous German aesthetician once told me about telling fairy tales on the stage. He spoke highly of this, adding that the Danish public must have high cultural literacy and taste, and they can directly appreciate the essence of fairy tales without being tempted by the glittering shell.
As mentioned above, in order to give readers a correct impression from the beginning, I called the first collection of fairy tales "Stories for Children". My style of writing is entirely the expression tone when telling stories to children, and I gradually come to the conclusion that people of all ages like this style of writing. Children like the flashy decorations described in fairy tales best, but on the other hand, adults are more interested in the profound meaning hidden behind the stories. I believe that turning fairy tales into books that children and adults can read is also the writing goal of any fairy tale writer today. They found the door to fairy tales and understood their spirit. Therefore, when I published my third new collection of fairy tales, I deleted the sentence "Stories for children". These fairy tales that I have carefully conceived and written have been sincerely loved and recognized by people. I can't expect more, but I'm also a little worried and afraid whether every new book can get such encouragement in the future.
3. Why can matches strike on the wall?
In the development of human history, the appearance of matches played a very important role, which made human beings get rid of the original way of "drilling wood for fire". The first match in the world was made in 1805, when it was called sulfuric acid match. The match head was immersed in sulfuric acid and ignited.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) related links
18 16, Frenchman Drewsen made a yellow phosphorus friction match. The head of the match is coated with sulfur, and then wrapped with yellow phosphorus, red lead or a mixture of manganese dioxide and gum. Yellow phosphorus is a highly toxic substance. Taking 0. 1 ~ 0.2g by mistake will kill people. Matches made of yellow phosphorus will catch fire when heated to 40℃, and it is very unsafe to rub against rough objects.
1845, Austrian chemist Schroeder discovered non-toxic and spontaneous red phosphorus, which led to the emergence of safety matches. Safety matches are made by coating ignition components on the match head and special friction surface respectively. 1855, Lunstrom Company of Sweden obtained this patent. He mixed the combustible antimony trisulfide, oxidant potassium chlorate, manganese dioxide and gum into a paste and coated it on a stick soaked in paraffin to make a matchhead. He also made a thick paste of red phosphorus and fine sand and coated it on the side of the matchbox to make a sand skin. In this way, the matchhead will only be ignited if it rubs on the sand skin on the side of the matchbox. This kind of match is neither toxic nor easy to cause fire, so it is called "safety match".
However, yellow phosphorus matches are not easy to deteriorate and can adapt to different climatic conditions, so they have been popular until the end of 19. It was not until the beginning of the 20th century that safety matches completely replaced yellow phosphorus matches, which were designated as prohibited products by various countries. Andersen was born in 1805 and died in 1875. He lives in an era when yellow phosphorus matches are used, so the little girl in The Little Match Girl can strike matches on the wall.
From unsafe matches to safe matches, it reflects the course of human scientific and technological progress from one side. Waterproof matches have appeared now. With the continuous development of science and technology, matches with specific functions will certainly emerge one after another. (Ling Yi)