The oriole and the oriole are one species, but the oriole is not, it is a species of bird.
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What kind of bird is the yellow bird? Regarding the "yellow bird" in "Ge Qin", Mao Zedong's "Biography" said: "Yellow bird, millet"; "Erya Shiniao" said: "Huang, yellow bird"; Hao Yixing's "Yishu" said Said: "According to this, the current oriole is shaped like a bird and yellow, so it is called oriole, also known as millet?"; Wang Xianqian's "Ji Shu" said: "Duan Yucai and Jiao Xunsui called Mao's "Biography" "Yellow Bird" is interpreted as "把鍍", which means "Cang Geng", which is the poem's "Cang Geng", and "yellow bird" is the current "yellow bird", so it means the yellow bird pecking at the millet. It has the name of '把鍍', because '把' was changed to '抍' to make its meaning. "Guo Moruo said in "The Age of Poems and Books": "The yellow bird is the tile bird"; Zhengyi cited Lu Ji's "Poetry Yishu". " said: "The yellow bird is also called Huangliliu, or Huangliliu, and the people of Youzhou call it Huangying." Regarding the "yellow bird" in "Qin Feng? Yellow Bird", Mao Zedong said in "Biography": "Jiaojiao, Xiaomao". Regarding the "yellow bird" in "Kaifeng", Li Shizhen's explanation of the name in "Compendium of Materia Medica" said: "Warbler, yellow bird, Lihuang, Canggeng"; [Collected Commentary] said: "Warbler is everywhere. It is bigger than Qu. Bird Valley birds, male and female, fly together, with yellow body hair, black and white feathers and tail, black eyebrows, pointed beak, and green feet. "About the "yellow bird" in "Xiaoya Mianman", Mao's "Biography" said: "Mianman. , small bird appearance"; Li Shizhen's explanation of the name in "Compendium of Materia Medica" says: "The ones with small yellow mouths are yellow sparrows"; [Collected Commentary] says: "The sparrows are found everywhere, with brown feathers and black jaws and mouths. The head is as big as a garlic, the eyes are like peppers, the tail is about two inches long, the claws are yellow and white, and it jumps without a step. Its eyes are frightened, its eggs are spotted, and its sex is the most lustful. . Flying in groups in the fields in August and September, their bodies are extremely fat, and their backs are as fat as cotton." In the explanations of the name of the "Book of Songs" in the past, "yellow bird" is not interpreted as "yellow bird". , is regarded as "yellow warbler", therefore, we can infer that this "yellow bird" is nothing more than "yellow warbler" and "yellow bird". So what kind of bird is it? Or maybe the two were indistinguishable from each other in the era of The Book of Songs.
Looking through the "Yellow Bird" in Volume 14 of "Chinese Zoology" ② Birds, Passeriformes, Finchidae, Goldwing [Finch], we can see its geographical distribution: "In They are breeding birds in the northeastern part of my country, Jiangsu and Zhenjiang; they are migratory birds in the southern part of Northeast China, eastern Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Henan, Shandong and Jiangsu, and a few are eastern migratory birds; they are birds in Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Taiwan, Nanchong, Wanxian, Sichuan and Huizhou, Guizhou Water and other places are for winter migratory birds.”③We know that more than two thousand years ago, when the Book of Songs was written, “Zhou Nan” was a folk song in the southern region under the rule of Duke Zhou. The scope includes the area from the south of Luoyang to Jianghan. Because the collection area is vast and they are compiled separately, they are collectively called "South" to represent the poetry of the Southern Kingdom. This is inconsistent with the geographical distribution of oriole. Another example is that "Qin Feng Yellow Bird" appeared in the Qin region, which is also inconsistent with the geographical distribution of the yellow bird. Therefore, we can boldly conclude that the "yellow bird" in these five poems is the "oriole".
Of course we can read the "Black-naped Oriole" in the genus Oriole of the Oriidae family, the order Passeriformes, in Volume 14 of "Chinese Zoology" (commonly known as "Oriole" in the north and "Oliver" in the south) One, it says that it is mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Shaanxi, the eastern provinces south of Hebei, Sichuan, and Guizhou (summer migratory birds); southeastern Yunnan, Hainan, and Taiwan (resident birds, some are migrant birds) . ⑤ Therefore, judging from the difference in distribution between the two, it is almost certain that it is the "Oriole".
Looking at their other living habits, orioles live in groups, often in groups of about 30, while orioles live in pairs or alone. And we can't find any evidence of "yellow birds" clustering in these five poems. In addition, the main habitat of the yellow warbler is the mountain forests in low mountainous areas and large trees or sparse forests near villages, so it is easily known to most people. This may also be the reason why the "yellow bird" appears in all five poems. Moreover, this bird is arboreal and rarely falls to the ground. For example, the "yellow bird" in "Zhou Nan Ge Tan" "gathers in the shrubs"; "Qin Feng Yellow Bird" stops at thorns, mulberry, and Chu; "Xiaoya Yellow Bird" focuses on Gu, Sang and Xu. In these respects, the "yellow bird" is the oriole.
Finally, let’s take a look at two paintings (see attached pictures 3 and 4). The third picture is the Song Dynasty’s meticulous sketch "Yellow Bird on a Mulberry Branch", and the fourth picture is a black-naped oriole. From the photos, we can clearly see that the two are very similar, so the "yellow bird" in "Yellow Bird on the Mulberry Branch" refers to the black-naped oriole. Therefore, we can be sure that the "yellow bird" is the black-naped oriole.