"Shui Tiao Ge Tou" Liu Guo
The bow and sword came out of the elm plug, and the lead raft went up to Peng Mountain.
It’s effortless to get it, and it’s easy to lose it.
Not all ancient people were wrong, and not all modern people are wrong. Everything in the world is like a monkey crown.
Lao Tzu makes no distinction between inside and outside and between.
You have to drink wine, you can write poems, but you have to stop playing.
How can you get spots on your temples if you enjoy yourself in life?
If you are rich, you will have a tooth, a flag, and a golden armor; if you are poor, you will wear a donkey and a broken hat. Don’t think twice.
This is the only way things are in the world, and there is an owl of self-knowledge.
Appreciation of Liu Guo’s Ci Writings
As a poet of the Xin School, Liu Guo had deep contacts with Xin Qiji, Lu You, Chen Liang and others. "Qiu" ("Book of Changes"), they all have heroic temperament and patriotic enthusiasm. They were once active and promising, and advocated the Northern Expedition. However, in that era when civil and military forces were content and contented, all their ideals were shattered by reality, and the ideals that could never be realized could only remain in their hearts forever. This poem by Liu Guo in his later years expresses this complicated mood. At that time, there was a fierce struggle between the warring faction and the peace faction. Since most of the peace faction held real power in the court, Liu Guo, who insisted on resisting the Jin Northern Expedition, was deeply suppressed by the peace faction, and his depression became increasingly difficult to relieve. This poem was written in this current situation.
"The bow and sword come out of the elm plug, and the lead raft goes up to the Pengshan Mountain. It is effortless to gain it, and it is easy to lose it." The beginning of the poem rises abruptly, expressing one's heart directly. The poet believes that by going out to kill the enemy and writing books to establish his theory, it is easy to gain a reputation for martial arts and lose it easily. It makes people feel the poet's optimism. But how could this be his true thoughts? Liu Guo was deeply influenced by Confucianism. Although he was a commoner all his life, he had lofty ambitions and a strong desire to make contributions and leave a name in history. Although he suffered many setbacks, he still kept his thoughts and ambitions in mind. He once enthusiastically eulogized the great achievements of Yue Fei, the anti-golden hero, and used it to express his passionate patriotism. He also wrote lyrics to support Han Kanzhou's Northern Expedition, and confidently looked forward to the victory song. In his work "Xuyi Xing", he sang passionately: "Why don't you throw yourself at the general's door at night and persuade the soldiers to conquer the barbarians? The sea can be filled and the mountains can be moved, and a man's ambition should be like this." He is not full of unlimited life in "Yusai" Yearn for it? He was eager to learn since he was a child. He had read classics, history and books of various schools of thought, and was famous in Jiangxi for his poems. As a literati, why don't you want to leave your name as "Pengshan"? And he did have "Longzhou Collection" handed down to the world. It can be seen from this that the sentence "gaining is effortless" clearly reflects the author's wild spirit of relying on talent and arrogance, but the sentence "losing is also like leisure" seems to be broad-minded but is actually angry and unfair. In the first four sentences, the author takes literary names and martial arts lightly, and then turns to commenting on the rights and wrongs, pushing the realm of poetry deeper. The two sentences "Not necessarily all ancient people were right, not necessarily all modern people are wrong" seem to deny the ancients and speak for modern people, but they actually deny right and wrong. This can be seen from the sentence "The world is full of monkey crowns". This is a strong irony with Xin Qiji's "Recently I have begun to realize that the ancients' books are useless if they are believed in" ("Xijiang Moon"). In Liu Guo's era seven hundred years ago, the author was quite wild in breaking through the barriers of overly superstitious traditional thoughts of the ancients. The next two sentences, "I don't distinguish between inside and outside, and between inside and outside" are replaced by "inside and outside". " and "in the middle" include everything, and are unified by "no distinction", and are also given the word "Laozi". The author's cynical and eternal wild spirit is more clearly reflected. On the surface, these two sentences doubt everything, deny everything, and explain everything, but in fact they are still extremely angry words. In terms of the concept of the entire first film, it has shifted from denying literary names and martial arts to denying right and wrong, and then to denying everything. It can be said that it turns deeper and deeper, "a foot of water makes a wave", and it is quite worthy of the "Samadhi".
Now that everything has been denied, what else can be done? The author gives us a clear answer at the end of the next film. Wine can relieve worries, and poetry can express aspirations. Therefore, "wine must be drunk, and poetry can be composed", but it cannot "play the cymbals". Why? Because during the Warring States Period, Feng Xuan tried to impeach Mengchang three times in order to get Lord Mengchang to improve his treatment, and Lord Mengchang, who was a courteous corporal, met his request. But today's rulers are incompetent and do not reuse talents at all, so what's the point of "impeachment"? use! The word "break" is full of infinite emotions that the poet can't express. "How can you get spots on your temples if you have fun in life? If you are rich, you will have your teeth and flags and golden armor; if you are poor, you will be a donkey with a broken hat. Don't look at it in two ways." These few sentences further exaggerate the thoughts and feelings expressed in the film. The author believes that life is about having fun, so why bother yourself and get your hair dyed in vain? There is a sense of depression in "Singing while drinking wine, how much life will bring" (Cao Cao's "Dan Ge Xing"). Moreover, the prominence of the "tooth flag and golden armor" is no different from the poverty of the "dian donkey with broken hat". This seems to fundamentally deny the Confucian creed of "If you are prosperous, you can benefit the world; if you are poor, you can be alone" ("Mencius") , in fact, this is still not the author’s heartfelt words. The poet once wrote to the prime minister, stating the strategy of restoring the Central Plains. How can this be "stopping bombs"?
Appreciation of "Shui Tiao Ge Tou" by Liu Guo,
He is so eager to serve the country in order to obtain the prominent status of "Yaqi Jinjia", how can he regard it as What about the poor and the common? It can be seen from this that he is not really like Zhuangzi, who is equal to all things and equals right and wrong. He is just using poetry to express his deep sorrow and anger of having no talent and no way to serve the country.
The sentence "This is the only way things are" is a summary of the thoughts expressed above. If the poet had concluded the poem at this point, we should really regard him as a typical nihilist. However, in the last sentence of the work, the meaning of the word suddenly changes, and the main theme of the whole word is revealed in one sentence. The poet uses the metaphor of evil and uses the Luan as a symbol of beauty, firmly believing that "I know the Luan". The word "自" vividly conveys the poet's extremely confident tone. This turn of events is both expected and unexpected, reasonable yet unreasonable. Because in an era when the Anti-Japanese War was a crime and there was no way to serve the country, there was a huge gap between the author's ideals and reality, and he was extremely depressed. It was expected that he would express his emotions in a language that seemed to be complaining but was actually angry, and seemed to be optimistic but was actually gloomy. And reasonable. Although the negative article occupies the vast majority of the page, it is not the main theme of the whole poem. Although it is only one sentence that directly expresses one's feelings, it is the main theme of the whole poem and is a positive article. This kind of artistic conception shows the author's unique artistic ingenuity. The dark reality does not allow the author to write straightly, so he has to express his true feelings in a tortuous and subtle way to contrast the sharp opposition between the fiery emotions and the cold reality. In this way, the more grumbling the language is, the more irresistible the emotions and anger are, the more optimistic the author is, and the more difficult it is to resolve the inner worries, the more profoundly the complex emotions that are difficult to express but have to be expressed in reality are expressed. , and can more effectively criticize the shameful behavior of those in power who do not want to make progress and live in peace. Therefore, this layer turns suddenly, the writing is powerful and the momentum is majestic, like a galloping horse on the cliff, turning the tide from falling. And because the first eighteen sentences are coherent and inseparable in content, they should be a paragraph, and the last sentence is a paragraph by itself, thus breaking the usual fragmentation pattern. This disunity between segmentation in content and segmentation in form is an artistic reflection of the author's emotional rage; it should be discontinuous but continuous because the torrent of the author's angry emotions is pouring out, and once it breaks out, it cannot be stopped; it should not be The reason why it is necessary to break it off is that after the author has completed the negative article, he will point out the main idea and express the true meaning. This kind of strange structure is rarely seen in the author's previous lyrics, so it can go beyond the norm and become unique. Liu Guo worked hard for many years, but still failed to win the first place, and his time was wasted and his years were old, so he lamented that "the name is false and the name is false". These two sentences still follow the two sentences "Waiting for success" to express the resentment of not being recognized for their talents and having no way to serve the country, but they are more straightforward and full of resentment.
In the peaceful Southern Dynasty, why didn’t Liu Guo have a place to establish himself? Was it because Liu Guo lacked literary and political talents? After the author changed his head, he did not find a new realm, but changed his mind and answered the above questions directly and straightforwardly. The three sentences "It's not a tribute to Mingguang" (Mingguang, the name of the palace in the Han Dynasty, built during the reign of Emperor Wu), written from the opposite side, explain that the reason why he was not recognized for his talent was not that he had no literary talent and could not contribute poems to the emperor, nor that he could not "bei" "Que's letter", which states the good strategies for governing the country and ensuring peace of the country, to assist the Ming Dynasty: "I am in a hurry", which directly explains that the reason why he did not appreciate his talent is mainly because "Heaven has not promised it", "Heaven" implicitly refers to the emperor, and means that the emperor does not appreciate it. He, don't reuse him. This discussion has a lively rhythm, sharp language, strong contrast, and every word is powerful. The next six words "Win the Dust of the Clothes" use the meaning of the sentence "Jingluo is full of dust, and the plain clothes turn into silk" from Jin Luji's poem "Giving a Wife to Gu Yanxian" to describe his frustrated and embarrassing state, and talk about his "confidant" The unspeakable difficulties of "little" have the meaning of "thirty years of fame and dust" in Yue Fei's "Man Jiang Hong". The language of the five sentences before and after is concrete, and the pen and ink are deep and rich, one thick and one light, one sparse and one dense, with many twists and turns and swaying colors.
After the author told the reasons for his downfall and frustration and his intention to retire without waiting for success, he said goodbye to Jiaxuan in one breath. The "parting words" here are very unique. They don't mention major events or friendship, but say "white jade chases happiness, gold buys laughter, and it's the king who gives it to you." As a commoner, Liu Guo and Jiaxuan were literary and wine acquaintances, and they were both guests. When they got together, they often had fun and made fun of each other. In the Song Dynasty, famous officials and ministers had many romantic affairs, and Jiaxuan could not do the same. In addition, because of this, they may as well be patriotic and militant. After Liu Guo left, the matter was handed over to Jiaxuan as the master. Saying this also shows that the two have a deep relationship and do not stick to trivial matters. Then he used Zhang Han's allusion to express his determination to live in seclusion and enjoy his life. The phrase "Go back Haoran" not only means "leaving farewell", but also expresses one's destination after farewell; it not only responds to the beginning of the word, but also points out the original purpose of the word. When it ends like this, things will come to an end, and the final chapter will show its ambition, and it will end abruptly.
In short, this poem uses popular language and bright melody to pour out the sorrow and indignation to friends without any concealment. It is lively, tactful, naturally written, and has strong appeal.