original text
Give a lotus flower
Li Shangyin [Tang Dynasty]
People in the world have different descriptions of flowers and leaves. They plant flowers in beautiful golden pots, but regardless of the flowers and leaves, they fall into the soil and become dust.
Only the lotus flower is matched with red flowers and green leaves. The lotus leaf has a roll of Shu, and the lotus flower has a bloom, which is so perfect and natural.
Lotus and lotus leaf shine on each other for a long time. When the lotus leaf falls, it withers. What a pity! (often set each other off: long set each other off)
translate
People in the world have different attitudes towards flowers and leaves. Flowers are planted in copper pots, and flowers and leaves can only fall into the soil and turn into dust.
Only the lotus flower is a red green leaf, the lotus leaf is curled and relaxed, and the lotus flower opens and closes, which is so perfect and natural.
Lotus and lotus leaf have set each other off for a long time. It's really sad when the lotus leaves fall and wither.
To annotate ...
Incoherence: there is no comparability. This means that the world values flowers more than leaves. Karen: The same kind.
Golden basin: A copper basin. Used for washing with water.
H à n à n: Violet refers to the green lotus leaf. Hanban refers to the unopened lotus.
Roll Shu: Describe the posture of lotus leaf. Roll up, roll up. Shu, stretch yourself.
Opening and closing: describe the posture of lotus flower. Open, open. Close the door, close the door.
Naivete: natural, unadorned true colors.
Cui reduces red decay: Cui is a leaf, red is a flower, Cui reduces red decay, and leaves wither. Cui: It refers to the lotus leaf. Red: refers to the lotus.
Lisa: Extremely sad.
Make an appreciative comment
The first two sentences of this poem describe two different fates of flowers and leaves. Flowers and leaves in the world are born from the same root, with the same branch length, colorful, varied, unique and fragrant. Once recognized by a discerning person. The transplanted golden basin is well cared for. But the green leaves were abandoned and fell to the ground, turning to dust in the biting wind and rain. Flowers into the pot, leaves like dust, this is the fate of flowers and leaves in the world. These two sentences always describe the happiness of flowers and the misfortune of leaves, and their "incoherence" reflects the value of the unique quality of lotus.
The word "only" is different from the same, and the following four sentences are derived from it, which are translated into the stretching and shrinking of lotus leaves, the opening and closing of lotus flowers, and all kinds of verve, natural and unadorned. The ancients used lotus flowers to describe many virtues of gentlemen, and borrowed the characteristics of lotus flowers to compare and praise the outstanding independent character of noble and refined, not flattering the world. But this poem praises the "naive" quality of the lotus leaf, in order to praise the virtue of sincerity but not hypocrisy. Ren Naizhen is not only about flowers, but also about people. Write human nature in a colorful and novel way.
The last two sentences go deep into the "innocence" of lotus. The red flowers and green leaves of the lotus flower reflect each other. Even in the decline of red, when the world is sad, we still don't dislike each other. If the first two sentences write lotus "Ren Naizhen", it is important to show * * * glory; Then, the "long contrast" between these two sentences is mainly manifested in the same decline. These four poems complement each other and inherit from each other, which completely shows the unswerving quality of Lotus from both positive and negative aspects.
Li Shangyin was frustrated all his life and only worked as a few small officials. The main reason is not that he has no talent, but that he has no confidant recommendation. He lives between Niu and Li, without trust and support, and is laughed at and excluded. This poem praises the rise and fall of the lotus, but actually expresses its desire for bosom friends and political support.
The language of this poem is simple, the meaning is obvious, the expression is straightforward, and the rhythm is bright, which is different from many poems by Li Shangyin, and reflects the diversity of his poetic style.
Creation background
In 838 AD (the third year of its opening), Li Shangyin was newly married, and violet and red lotus were the scene of midsummer. This poem was written in the original scene of Jingyuan this summer. Mrs. Wang can write poems, so Li Shangyin dedicated it to her by writing poems. This poem has a clear meaning and is easy to understand. It is mainly based on the theme of "Lotus Leaf", which makes him recite Xiao Yi and show his mind, corresponding to the poem "Lotus Flower" in marriage and love.
Distinguish and appreciate
At the beginning of the poem, I didn't write directly from the lotus itself, but first from the relationship between flowers and leaves of other flowers: "Flowers have nothing to do with leaves in the world, and flowers go into the golden basin to make dust." "Lun" means comparison. People in the world treat flowers and leaves differently and cannot be compared. People have a special preference for flowers, planting them in golden pots for viewing and cherishing, while leaving flowers and leaves to be "mashed into mud and ground into ashes" (Yongmei, operator of divination by Lu You). At the same time, the relationship between flowers and leaves of other flowers is not close. For example, apricot flowers bloom first and then leaves, and when they bloom, the leaves will not let go, and the leaves will bloom and fall. Peach blossoms are so bright, but the leaves are not worthy. It needs green willows to be more beautiful, so it is called "pink willow green". Although safflower is good, it needs the support of green leaves. This contrast between flowers and leaves is not easy for other flowers. Only the lotus is good at it, so the poet went on to write: "Only the green lotus and the red lotus are naive." Erya Cao Shi: "Lotus, Lotus, its leaves are withered, and its flowers are flourishing." Shi Mao Jian says: "Lotus is the stem of lotus. "Shuo Wen Jie Zi"; " Lotus is not a lotus, but a husband's ability (hibiscus). ""only ",only. This is the poet's special emphasis. "Rolling Shu" refers to the lotus leaf, "opening and closing" refers to the lotus, and "innocence" refers to nature. In the poet's eyes, only lotus flowers with red buds and green leaves deserve perfection. Lotus leaves are comfortable to roll up, and the lotus leaves open and close, which is natural and beautiful.
In the first four sentences, the poet is unique: he wrote not only the relationship between flowers and leaves, but also profound. Literally, this is a contrast, that is, comparing the lotus with other flowers, highlighting the special beauty of the flowers and leaves of the lotus. The deeper meaning is to show that he and his wife are a match made in heaven, just like the flowers and leaves of the lotus, they can be matched and are a godsend. In this way, in the poet's pen, the ambiguous relationship between himself and the other party is described and rendered very beautifully, so naturally and harmoniously.
The last two sentences of the poem not only express the poet's expectation, but also the poet's hidden worry: "This lotus and this leaf often set each other off, and the green reduces the red and worries about killing people." The first sentence is hope, which means I hope this beautiful lotus flower and that green lotus leaf will last for a long time, set each other off and become interesting, and cannot be separated. The actual meaning is that I hope the woman can stay with me for a long time and grow old together. The last sentence is worried, literally worried about the withering of lotus leaves and safflower, which looked so sad at that time. In fact, on the one hand, when you are worried, you are not with me. Both sides are old and faded. May youth stay forever; But deeper, I am worried that the feelings of two people will "change color" and there will be unexpected changes. If this happens, it is really unbearable, which is simply worrying. Therefore, this is the poet's confession to his lover, hoping that both of them will cherish love and never change their minds.
Every sentence of this poem is written in flowers. But in fact, every sentence is written by people. Show your heart with lotus flowers. This not only shows that you are worthy of that woman. Are made for each other; It also shows the happiness of two people; This also shows his wishes and worries. Euphemism is implicit and thought-provoking, and it is really excellent in many poems about objects.
Brief introduction of the author
Li Shangyin (about 813-about 858), a native of Yuxi, xi, was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. His ancestral home is Qinyang, Hanoi (now Jiaozuo, Henan) and Xingyang, Zhengzhou. He is good at poetry writing, and his parallel prose also has high literary value. He is one of the most outstanding poets in the late Tang Dynasty. Together with Du Mu, it is called "Xiao", and together with Wen, it is called "Wen Li". Because his poems and essays are similar to the paragraphs and essays of the same period, all three of them rank sixteenth in the family, so they are also called "Thirty-six Style". His poems are novel in conception and beautiful in style, especially some love poems and untitled poems are touching, beautiful and moving, and are widely read. However, some poems are too obscure to be solved, and there is even a saying that "poets always love Quincy and hate that no one writes about Jian Zheng". Caught in the struggle between Niu and Li, I was frustrated all my life. After his death, he was buried in his hometown of Qinyang (now the junction of Qinyang and Aibo County in Jiaozuo City, Henan Province). His works are included in Li Yishan's poems.