2. Politics: The third scientific and technological revolution, the two world wars, the formation of monopoly capitalism and the victory of the October Revolution in Russia have profoundly affected people's way of life and thinking, changed people's spiritual life, and opened up a broader world for the development of literature and art in this period.
Second, world literature.
1, the representative work of European realist writer romain rolland and its historical position.
Romain rolland, French writer and music critic. 1866 65438+1was born in Clancy, a plateau town in central France on October 29th. 15 years old, moved to Paris with his parents. 1899, romain rolland graduated from the Paris Normal School and passed the examination to obtain the lifelong post qualification of a middle school teacher. Later, he entered the French Archaeological School in Rome as a graduate student. After returning to China, he taught art history in Paris Normal School and Paris University, and engaged in literary and artistic creation.
At the beginning of the 20th century, his creation entered a brand-new stage. In order to let the world "breathe the hero's breath" and set up a monument for heroes with great spiritual strength, Roland wrote several biographies of celebrities: Beethoven (1903), Michelangelo (1906) and Tolstoy (654). At the same time, he published his masterpiece "John Christophe" and won the French Academy Literature Award 19 13. This work is also called the first great realistic literary work in the 20th century, and he himself is also called "the bridge connecting two centuries of culture". Therefore, romain rolland is regarded as the most important contemporary French writer. 19 15, Roland was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in recognition of "the lofty ideals in his literary works and his sympathy and love for truth when portraying different types of characters".
Between the two wars, romain rolland's creation reached its climax again. 19 19 published 19 13' s novella Gora Brunon, and 1920 published two anti-war novels, Gretchen Wave and Pierre and Ruth. During this period, seven volumes of Beethoven's Great Creation Period (1928- 1943), an important work on music theory and music history, as well as works of various genres such as poetry, literary criticism, diaries and memoirs, were published.
Romain rolland's artistic achievement mainly lies in his bold and simple writing style, which depicts the image of intellectuals who are bravely advancing in pursuit of justice and light in stormy times. When talking about artistic style, Roman Roland said that he didn't want others to recognize his other advantages except the word "sincerity". He is a writer with wide international influence and a famous social activist. Throughout his life, he has waged an indomitable struggle for human freedom, democracy and light.
2. The representative figures, historical position and representative works of American literature in the early 20th century.
American writer Hemingway (1899— 196 1), 1954 won the Nobel Prize in Literature. Hemingway is a legend. He was born in a doctor's family in Chicago on 1899. 19 17 after graduating from high school, he became a newspaper reporter and went to the front line in Italy. He likes skiing, bullfighting and hunting, which are often the background of his works. In the 1940s, he came to China to report on War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. He has participated in two world wars, so many characters in his works are warriors who despise death. The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms and For Whom the Bell Tolls all express the author's strong anti-war sentiment and become famous works describing the two world wars. His masterpiece The Old Man and the Sea shows the social reality at that time by describing the hard struggle between man and nature, and contains the author's views on life. This creative technique is called the iceberg principle.
Hemingway moved to Cuba after World War II and wrote the novella The Old Man and the Sea. The theme of The Old Man and the Sea is that people should face failure bravely. Santiago, a fisherman in the novel, failed in the struggle against the shark symbolizing bad luck, but he persisted in the way of dealing with failure and won. There is a famous saying in the novel: "Men are not born to be defeated. You can destroy him as much as you can, but you can't beat him. " He/kloc-entered the ring at the age of 0/4, with blood all over his face, but refused to fall down; /kloc-at the age of 0/9, he went to the battlefield, and more than 200 shrapnel were embedded in his body, which failed to make him fall; Countless writing hardships, countless rejections and numerous failures still failed to defeat him; Until his later years, he stood up from the fire after two consecutive plane crashes; Finally, unwilling to be an incompetent weak man, he shot himself. This is the tough guy Hemingway. Hemingway wanted his life to be full of drama, and he wanted everyone to remember him when the curtain call was over. He wants to end his life in people's endless applause, so that all the latecomers know that he is a real man and how brave and fearless he is to die as a man. From Hemingway's life experience to his final destination, he realized this important life appeal. After the Cuban Revolution, he returned to the United States. 196 1 year, committed suicide due to depression.
3.1The characteristics, representatives and achievements of Asian, African and Latin American literature at the end of 9th century and the beginning of 20th century.
Literature in Asia, Africa and Latin America, on the basis of retaining national characteristics, has been integrated with European and American literature, gradually gaining world recognition, and famous writers such as Tagore and Kawabata Yasunari have emerged.
Tagore (1861-1941) is a Bengali poet, writer, artist and social activist in India. Born in Calcutta, a family with profound cultural upbringing, his father was a famous religious reformer and social activist, and his six brothers were also committed to social reform and Renaissance. Tagore hated formal school education since he was a child, and his youth was spent by family education and hard self-study. 1878 went to England to study law, and then transferred to London University to study English literature and western music. The poem "Chittaglia" is profound, fresh and beautiful, which makes Tagore the first Nobel Prize in Literature winner in Asia in 19 13. Other works, such as Crescent Moon and Birds, are world-famous poems. 194 1 April, this prodigy, the founder of modern Indian literature, wrote his last words, the crisis of civilization. On August 7th of the same year, Tagore died in his ancestral home in Kolkata.
Friendship is the most sacred thing. It is not only highly respected, but also worthy of eternal praise. It is the kindest mother of generosity and honor; Is grateful and kind sister, is the sworn enemy of hatred and greed; It is always ready to sacrifice itself for others, and it is completely voluntary and does not need others to beg. Tagore
4. The historical position, representative work, content and characteristics of Gorky, a proletarian writer.
(1) Historical position-Maxim Gorky (1868-1936)1868 was born in a carpenter's family on the Volga River. As his parents died early, he went out to make a living at the age of ten and wandered around. He apprenticed in a shoe store, washed dishes on the boat, moved goods on the dock and supported wealthy farmers. He also worked as a railway worker, baker, janitor and gardener. In the life of hunger and cold, Gorky mastered the knowledge of European classical literature, philosophy and natural science through tenacious self-study. Gorky, who only attended primary school for two years, published his first work at the age of 24.
Gorky is known as "the greatest representative of proletarian art", the founder of socialist realistic literature and the mentor of proletarian revolutionary literature. The prose poem Haiyan created a brave image of Haiyan and inspired people to meet great battles. This is an immortal battle discourse and a proletarian revolutionary ode. Mother created the heroic images of the first batch of proletarian revolutionaries who consciously fought for socialism in the history of world literature. It is recognized as the foundation work of socialist realistic literature and praised by Lenin as "a very timely book". The autobiographical trilogy (Childhood, On Earth and My University) not only reflects the writer's own life experience and the process of ideological exploration, but also summarizes the Russian society in the 1970s and 1980s in 19, describes the miserable life and experience of working people and praises their excellent qualities. Gorky is not only an excellent writer, but also actively devoted himself to defending world peace and the great cause of the proletariat. His excellent literary works and his name will be remembered by people all over the world.
(2) Masterpieces and their contents and characteristics.
The prose poem Haiyan has created a brave image of Haiyan, inspired people to meet great battles, and is an immortal battle discourse and proletarian revolutionary ode. Mother created the heroic images of the first batch of proletarian revolutionaries who consciously fought for socialism in the history of world literature. It is recognized as the foundation work of socialist realistic literature and praised by Lenin as "a very timely book". The autobiographical trilogy (Childhood, On Earth and My University) not only reflects the writer's own life experience and the process of ideological exploration, but also summarizes the Russian society in the 1970s and 1980s in 19, describes the miserable life and experience of working people and praises their excellent qualities.
5. Lu Xun's representative works and their historical position and literary characteristics.
(1) represents a work and its historical position.
Lu Xun (1881-1936), formerly known as Zhou Shuren, was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. 19 18, Lu Xun published Diary of a Madman, which is the first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature in China. Through the mouth of a madman, this novel reveals the cannibalistic nature of the family system and feudal ethics. The novella The True Story of Ah Q is an immortal masterpiece in the history of modern literature in China. The author used Ah Q to depict countless images of China people who are numb and ignorant. Ah Q's so-called "spiritual victory method" shows the hopeless mental illness of the oppressed. Lu Xun was the standard-bearer of the New Culture Movement in China, and made great contributions to the democratic revolution and modern literature, leaving people with a rich and precious spiritual heritage. He translated about 1 00000 words in his life, including 3 novels, 0/7 essays, 0/essay, 0/memoir, more than 400 letters, 1 965438+2002. He also translated the literary works and literary theories of nearly 100 writers from four countries and printed them into 33 singles. In addition, 18 kinds of ancient books have been compiled. These works have been published in different editions, including "Lu Xun's Translated Works" 1959 10 and "Complete Works of Lu Xun" 198 1 6. Lu Xun's works have enriched the treasure house of world literature, and have been translated into more than 50 languages such as English, Japanese, Russian, Spanish, French, German, Arabic and Esperanto, and have a wide audience all over the world.
⑵ Literary features-Lu Xun hopes that by depicting these "silent souls of China people", people can reflect on themselves, eliminate ignorance and numbness, and arouse the struggle courage and spirit of China people.
Third, the variation of music
(1) background
/kloc-at the end of 0/9, world music ushered in a new development period. Musicians have broken away from the shackles of tradition and sought new breakthroughs in music art. At that time, various styles and schools emerged one after another and existed in mutual influence.
(2) Achievement
1. Impressionism: Debussy (France): Afternoon of Faun, Nocturne and Moonlight.
Debussy, a French composer, is the main representative of impressionist music and is regarded as a genius in the music industry in the 20th century. Impressionist music, like impressionist painting, pursues a hazy effect. From Debussy's music, people can appreciate a hazy, elegant, illusory and quiet artistic conception. Debussy's symphonic poem Pastoral Afternoon, Orchestral Nocturne and Piano Music Moonlight are all representative works of impressionist music.
2. Expressionism: Schoenberg: Variations for Orchestra and Violin Concerto.
During this period, expressionist music represented by Schoenberg also appeared, which paid attention to expressing inner self. Schoenberg is an Austrian Jewish composer. He completely abandoned the traditional concept of musical tonality, made his music in an atonal or atonal state, and explored the law of atonal music-12 phonology, which had a great influence on the development of music in the 20th century. His important works include Variations for Band, Violin Concerto and Survivor of Warsaw.
3. Neoclassicism: Stravinsky: the journey of the prodigal son and the sacrifice of spring.
Fourth, the rise of cubist painting and its artistic characteristics
1, background:
Cubism is a modern art school that rose in France after entering the 20th century. Cubist painters, contrary to the characteristics of traditional painting, divide the painting object into several geometric sections, and then subjectively juxtapose them to show the geometric space of the object. Because the picture destroys people's normal vision, there will be a sense of fragmentation.
2. Achievements
The most famous representative of cubism is Picasso (1881-1973). Picasso was Spanish and later settled in Paris, France. He began to engage in artistic creation activities at the end of 19, and continued until 1970s, becoming the most influential modern cubist painter. Picasso pursued it all his life, created works of various artistic styles in different creative periods, and wrote immortal songs of life with his own artistic pen.
Creation stage, representative works and their artistic characteristics.
According to different colors, Picasso's works before Kloc-0/907 can be divided into "blue period" and "pink period".
(2)1907 or so, influenced by African black art and Cezanne's painting, it formed a "black period" in his creative career, and his masterpiece is Girl of avignon, which is considered as the first painting of cubism. In the past, painters always looked at people or things from one angle and only painted a three-dimensional side. Cubism is a new way to express things. They observe from several angles, from several angles that cannot be seen from the front, and show several sides that cannot be seen from the front in a parallel or overlapping way. In Girl in avignon, the tones of five naked women are set off by a blue background, which is arbitrarily divided and has no sense of distance, and the characters are composed of geometric figures.
(3) Later, Picasso further explored the possibility of cubism, and began the period of analytical cubism and comprehensive cubism in his artistic career, and created works such as Girl Playing the Mandolin, Portrait of Girl, Still Life on a Rattan Chair, etc.
(4) After the First World War, the turbulent and tragic years made Picasso rethink the classical world, and he entered the "neoclassicism period" of his creation.
⑤ 1937 In April, the fascist air force bombed the Basque town of guernica in northern Spain, and the innocent residents in the town were massacred, which caused strong condemnation from international public opinion. Picasso was outraged and took this incident as the theme, creating a masterpiece "guernica" that shocked the painting world. "guernica" is the name of an ancient Spanish city. That year, the Spanish government destroyed the city by violence. Picasso took this as the theme, recreating the scene with split elements (cubism) and expressing his protest against the government and the war. Because of this painting, Picasso was exiled to France and never returned to his native Spain. Because of the name and content of this painting, guernica became a symbol of anti-government and anti-violence. Picasso said that this painting will not return to the motherland until Spain becomes a truly democratic and peaceful country. It was not until the victory of the Spanish War of Liberation that this painting returned to the motherland and became the most precious cultural property of Spain. There are two paintings protected by bulletproof glass in the world, one is the Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci and the other is the guernica by Picasso.
The picture adopts cubism, semi-realism and other techniques and styles, depicting the casualties and panic brought by the war to the residents, and the whole picture gives people great shock. Picasso made outstanding contributions to his art, thus winning the respect of the Spanish people and people all over the world.
Picasso, the great Spanish painter, died at the age of 9 1. Maybe you should wonder why we call him "the youngest painter in the world". This is because when he was 90 years old, he seemed to see things in the world for the first time when he picked up colors and brushes and began to draw a new picture.
Young people are always exploring new things and solving new problems. They are keen on experiments and welcome new things. They are restless, energetic and never satisfied. Old people are always afraid of change. They know what they are best at. They would rather copy past successes than risk failure.
Fourth, the impact
1At the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 20th century, cultural exchanges between countries and regions in the world became closer and more frequent, and common development was achieved. On the one hand, the literary works of this period narrowed the distance of the world, reflecting the * * * integration of culture; On the other hand, the unique proletarian literary works in this period inspired people's struggle courage.
Knowledge inquiry
/kloc-the characteristics of world literature at the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 20th century.
After the fierce collision, the eastern and western cultures developed together; European and American literature continues to shine; American literature is not as serious as European literature, but takes humor as the main theme, giving people a relaxed and humorous feeling; Asian, African, Latin American and other national literature, on the basis of retaining national characteristics, merged with European and American literature and gradually gained world recognition; Socialist literature in the Soviet Union flourished.
(4) class summary:
/kloc-from the end of 0/9 to the middle of the 20th century, with the end of the second industrial revolution, the world became more and more closely linked, and earth-shaking changes took place in the world. During this period, the cultures of all countries, regions and nationalities in the world gradually broke the ice of isolation, embarked on integration and achieved * * * development.
What is the development trend of world literature and art from/kloc-romantic literature and art at the beginning of the 9th century to the collision and conflict in the middle of the 9th century, and then to breaking the ice of isolation from the end of19th century to the beginning of the 20th century? That is, from isolation to collision to breaking isolation, to integration, that is, to communication and integration. According to this trend, what are the characteristics of literary and artistic development after the mid-20th century? -the integration, exchange and keeping pace with the times of all ethnic cultures. It is the content of the next lesson. Multimedia in thematic knowledge structure: literature and art that keeps pace with the times.
(E) Teaching Postscript
In the teaching design of this lesson, the whole topic is put into it, and the characteristics of world literature and art since19th century are interpreted, from the isolation of19th century to the collision and conflict in the middle of19th century, and then to the breaking of the isolated ice from the end of19th century to the middle of 20th century. It not only undertakes the contents of the first two classes, but also introduces the contents of the next class.
In the new curriculum teaching, the following teaching modes are adopted: review and lead-in-clear learning objectives-students' independent construction of knowledge system-teacher-student activities, sorting out knowledge points by filling out forms, inducing discussion and conversation, understanding history-classroom testing to consolidate knowledge, closely following the new curriculum standards and three-dimensional objectives, optimizing teaching methods, teaching process and teaching interaction, and designing materials and scenarios for students to understand and experience.