1. Yi Tong and Youxun were gradually created by Fang Xue.
Tongcheng's humanities were not obvious before the Ming Dynasty, but flourished in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. Its well-known village owner, revitalizing ethics, organizing lectures, became famous, first in the Tang Dynasty, and then gradually learned from others. Fang (1539- 16 15), whose real name is Qing, was known as Mr. Mingshan. He tried to give lectures at Donglin College and was highly praised by party member. He wrote many books in his life, including The Journey to the West and The Classics, The Book of Changes, Xing and Xue Xinzong, which recorded the deeds of local sages in Tongcheng. Yi Tong, with three volumes and two volumes, was written in the 27th year of Wanli (1599). Based on Tongcheng's Journey of Loyalty, Filial Piety and Righteousness (Yan Yong and others' Catalogue of Sikuquanshu (Volume 61)), there are 23 biographies of 50 people. You Xun has 20 volumes, which was written in the 29th year of Wanli (160 1). This book is devoted to Tongcheng's Friends and Those Who Can Learn from the Past (Volume 143 in the catalogue of Siku Quanshu), which is divided into 4 1 category. Yao Yongpu, a writer in the last years of Tongcheng School, said that these two books are "very simple, but the documents before Zheng Zheng and Jiaqing in our city really depend on what they are" (Yao Yongpu's Preface to the Records of Old Words and Old Lines of Tongcheng School), so Fang Xue's gradual compilation of Yi Tong and You Xun really started the compilation of documents in Tongcheng Township.
2. Biography of Long Mian Poetry, selected by Yao.
Yao (1627— 1692) was a scholar in the sixteenth year of Qing Shunzhi, whose real name was Tanghu. Yao is a famous minister in Tongcheng, and is known as a "gifted scholar and beautiful woman" (Ma Qicheng Tongcheng Old Biography, Volume 7). At the beginning of the compilation of Biography of Poetry, Yao was still a humble scholar, but he thought he was "deeply affectionate". In the following years, he kept abreast of events, searched and studied hard, and was compiled into a book by his predecessors. "It's precious even though it's out of rank" (Yao's Preface to the Lotus Garden once launched a poetry collection activity to minimize omissions, hoping to "release the gloom and not make the old sentences linger for a long time" (Yao's Preface to Long Mian Poetry). Perhaps because of Yao's harsh goal of striving for perfection in all poems of the Ming Dynasty, The Biography of Long Mian's Poems failed to be fully published and circulated (Pan Jiang wrote a poem of his hometown ancestors in Volume 21, Show me two rhymes, and there is a sentence, "Yao Sheng's Biography of Poems is well known all over the world, and he will suddenly fade out of my life." Ma Qichang also said in Volume 7 of Tongcheng Old Biography that Yao's Biography of Long Mian Poems "I was very diligent in collecting, but I couldn't suddenly pass the book due to illness", so its scale and style are unpredictable. But there is no doubt that the manuscript of Shi Zhuan has been basically compiled. Fang (16 17- 1697), a famous scholar in Tongcheng at Yao's time, once prefaced it, saying that most of Tongcheng poets in the Ming Dynasty were manuscripts for the world, which were taken from Long Mian Shi Zhuan. Therefore, although the biography of Long Mian's Poems has not been published, it should be established as a pioneering work for the compilation of Tongcheng Xiangxian's poems.
3. Selected Poems of Long Mian, also known as Records of Long Mian Poems, was selected by Qian Chengzhi.
Qian Chengzhi (1612 ——1693), an old man at night, is a direct participant in the proofreading process of Yao's Long Mian Shi Zhuan. Among Tongcheng poets in the early Qing Dynasty, Qian Chengzhi was a representative figure who made friends with Qian, the leader of the poetry circle at that time, and "discussed poetry" (Qian Chengzhi's Preface to Longmian Poetry). On a winter night in the 15th year of Shunzhi (1658), Qian Chengzhi and Qian discussed the method of selecting poems at Chang Gan Temple in Baimen (now Nanjing) (Yang Nianfeng's Chronicle of Qian Chengzhi). During this period, Qian called his hometown Tongcheng "poetry is called for a hundred years, and the author is like a forest", which resulted in Qian Muzhai's "Xiangzi has good poems, but no biography. Qian Chengzhi set up the ambition of "collecting comrades and collecting predecessors' manuscripts", hoping to carry forward the poetics of rural cities and make up for the lack of goodness in Long Mian's poems. The following year, Qian Chengzhi learned that Yao had selected and recorded the manuscript of Long Mian, and he cooperated with Yao to revise each other. However, there are obvious differences between Qian and Yao in the principle of choosing poems. Money is strict and Yao is lenient. Therefore, Qian Chengzhi later chose Selected Poems based on Biography of Poems, and "those who record the best will get several poems" (Selected Poems of Long Mian). But unfortunately, Selected Poems of Qian was not awarded to catalpa because of its long-term "it is hard to go", so there was no copy. However, the responsibility of Qian's Long Mian poem "Yong Huai" can be seen in this collection. Two hundred years later, when Xu Ying compiled Tong Jiu Ji, he said that Qian's Selected Poems was also "the best book in the collection" (Xu Ying's Preface to Tong Jiu Ji Ji), which was not a lie.
4. Long Mian Feng Ya, formerly known as Selected Poems of Long Mianming, is the main series of Panjiang.
Pan Jiang (1619-1702), also known as Mr. He Shu, was an important figure with turning significance in the history of Tongcheng School's poetry and literature in the Ming and Qing Dynasties (On the Relationship between Wu and Tongcheng School). Most of Pan Shi's works have been lost, and the existing ones mainly include Personal Poems, Wuyin Collection, Poems of Yi Tong and Long Mian Feng Ya. The compilation of Long Mian Feng Ya lasted more than 30 years from the last years of Shunzhi to the middle period of Kangxi, with a total of 92 volumes. Among them, the first series is sixty-four volumes, and in the seventeenth year of Kangxi (1678), Pan Shi Shijing Zhai was published; The twenty-seven volumes of the sequel are attached with one volume, which is a self-compiled version of the 30th year of Kangxi (169 1). Judging from the circulation, Long Mian Feng Ya can be regarded as a groundbreaking work that has a practical impact on later generations.
5. An episode of Long Mian edited by Li Yahe.
Li Ya, the word stone ya, has no mustard beard. He Shao Yong, the word is far away, and the number is saved. Both of them are important representatives of Tongcheng ancient poetry creation group in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and both have handed down poems. The most important cultural contribution of the two men was that they co-edited an episode of Long Mian Wen Gu (24 volumes) during the Kangxi period, which represented the previous philosophers. There were 93 authors in the early Ming and Qing Dynasties, and 335 articles were published, including chanting, arguing, preface, miscellaneous notes, epitaphs, words and so on. In addition to the first edition of Kangxi, there is also the Yunhui Pavilion reprinted in the fifteenth year of Daoguang. Li Ya, He, and Pan Jiang were good friends at the same time, and once praised that "the poems of the ancestors in the countryside are immortal, and Mr. Pan, Li, and He San are also powerful" (The Old Biography of Tongcheng Border, Volume 7). Pan Jiang's Long Mian Feng Ya reflects the prosperity of Tongcheng's poetic style, and the compilation of Long Mian Wen Gu reflects the prosperity of Tongcheng's literary style. When Li and He Wei selected books, they once said: "There are thousands of books in the family" (Volume 7 of Tongcheng Biography 9), most of which were written by Ming people. It is conceivable that Tongcheng's style of writing is rich and accumulated for a long time.
6. Selected Poems of Zongyang edited by Wang Zhuo.
Wang Zhuo (1752— 18 19), whose real name was Mingfu, regretted all his life and was called Qingyuan. In the fifty-first year of Qianlong (1786), Juren was the official of Qimen County and Liu Dong County. Wang Zhuo, who has lived in Zongyang for less than eight years, is deeply appreciated by Liu Dakui. He inherited Tongcheng's righteousness in writing and was vigorous and elegant in poetry, and honed his poetry with Jin Bang, Cheng and others. Although Zongyang is a town in the southeast of Tongcheng, there are many poets in Tongcheng. In fact, the Zongyang Poetry School was founded by Qian Chengzhi and Liu Dakui (Sun Zhuyou, an educator in the Republic of China, wrote Poems against the Building by Xu Yongzheng, known as the Zongyang Poetry School in history). Therefore, Wang Zhuochang concentrated on collecting sages' poems in Zongyang, a corner of the southeast township of Tongcheng. From Qian Cheng to Jiaqing in the early Qing Dynasty, he got 20 volumes called Selected Poems of Zongyang, but failed to publish it. Later, with the help of Zhang Yin (Wei Zi), Ma Shuhua (Gong Shi) and other villagers, the school magazine was completed.
7. Selected Poems of Ancient Tongxiang edited by Wen Hanguang and Dai Junheng.
Wen Hanguang (1808— 1859), the word Douyuan, number Zhongfu. Down and out, learning from Gabe to support himself, sitting in the street every day, "reading Yi Deng at night" (Volume 1 of Fang Zongcheng's Notes on the Words and Actions of Teachers and Friends in Baitang), is famous for his prose and is also quite talented in poetry. Liu Shengmu said, "Poetry is particularly strong and easy, and the spirit is high and heavy" (Liu Shengmu Dai Junheng (1814-1855), whose real name is Cunzhuang, is from Rongzhou. One of the "Four Masters of Yaomen" in my classmates wrote the first draft of Rongzhou in his twenties, and at that time, he was "surprised by the world" (Volume 11 of Tongcheng Yijiu Biography) and interacted with Zeng Guofan, Lu, Luo and Shao. Wen and Dai are about the same age. They studied * * * when they were young, and they shared the same interests. They tried to build Tongxiang Academy in Beikong, Tongcheng County, and compiled Selected Poems of Ancient Tongxiang. This anthology consists of 12 volumes, and the characters recorded are similar to those in Zongyang's poems. The main selections are 177 poets and 1 107 poems in Tongcheng North Lane, arranged in chronological order. In the thirty years of Daoguang (1850), it was published and engraved with the generous support of Wang Shuchen, a fellow Tongcheng northerner (Epitaph of Dai Balanced Wang Dianxiang).
8. History of Tongcheng Literature in China, edited by Dai Equilibrium and Fang Zongcheng.
For Dai's deeds, see Selected Poems of Ancient Tongxiang. Fang Zongcheng (1818-1888), whose name is Bai Tang, is also called Maoxi Jushi. Teachers and friends, brothers and sisters, concentrate on their studies and compositions. Tongzhi entered Zeng Guofan's shogunate for three years (1864), ten years (187 1) supplemented the county magistrate of Zaoqiang, Hebei Province, and six years (1880) retired to write books. Fang's style of writing is inherited from Tongcheng ancient prose and has a history of Confucian classics. His literary name and political voice were deeply appreciated by Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang and other important officials in the late Qing Dynasty. He has written many self-edited works, such as Bai Pre-edited, Secondary Edited, Continued Edited and Post-edited. As important writers of Tongcheng School in Zhongxing period, Dai and Fang both took it as their responsibility to inherit Tongcheng literary tradition. While teaching their works, they deeply felt that since Li Ya and He Xuan recorded Long Mian's ancient prose, from the early Qing Dynasty to Jia Dao for more than 200 years, Tongcheng literati wrote like a forest, and they cherished "no common name" (Xiao Mu's Selected Preface of Tongcheng Literature and Prose), so they exchanged ideas with each other.
9. Tongcheng Poetry edited by Yao Jinchang.
Yao Jinchang, nephew of Yao Naizong, was named Wuqi (or Wuqi), whose real name was Qingmen. He worked as a doctor in the armory of Ganjia's officers and soldiers department, worked as a poet, and traveled with Jia Dao dramatist Xie Kun. He died at 58. According to sporadic records such as "Daoguang Continues Tongcheng County Records" and "Xie Lun Chun Cao Tang Poetry", Yao Jinchang was broad-minded and loved books all his life, and he collected many rare books at home and never tires of reading them. He has written poems such as Poems of Qing Dynasty and Poems of Love in Spring, but without Fu Zi, most of them are scattered. Fortunately, there are more than ten personal poems collected and preserved in Tong Jiu Ji, some of which were collected in the first year of Jiaqing (18 19) when Tongcheng poet's collection "Spring Poems in Mountain City" was engraved. The Thirty-two Volumes of Tongcheng Poetry compiled by him should be Selected Poems of a City in Tongcheng, but there is only one book left, and the style and publication are not detailed.
10. "Tongshan Women's Poetry" edited by Wu Xiyong and Fang.
Wu Xiyong, a native of Jinpu County. Fang Changlin, born in resurrection, tried to protect Ma Fu from being a real thief. He wrote "Singing on Knee". Both of them are Daoxian, who compiled Poems of Tongshan Celebrities. This album is a collection of Tongcheng Boudoir Poets with eleven volumes, including nearly 100 female poets in Yi Tong since the early Qing Dynasty. Wu Xiyong's "Cong Yun" said, "I used to be a sex addict, but in the boudoir ... I have never heard of compiling more than one hundred boudoir poems in a corner" (Wu Xiyong's "Preface to Poems of Tongshan Ladies"), which is so numerous and complicated that it is only seen in the world. From the poems of Fang Mengshi and Wu Lingyi to the Poems of Long Mianya and the Poems of Tongshan Ya, it can be seen that Tongcheng has never lacked female poetry creation, which can be described as one of the unique landscapes of Tongcheng's prosperity and humanity in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
1 1. Tong Jiu Ji edited by Xu Ying.
Xu Ying (1779— 184 1), whose name is Liu Xiang, is Xiangting. In the 19th year of Jiaqing (18 14), he was a scholar, the director of the household department, the magistrate of Yangcheng, the ruler of Bozhou and Huizhou Academy, and also cooperated with his peers Fang, Guang and Cong. "Since childhood, people have been making up stories, and people have taken care of them" (Old Biography of Tongcheng). He has published 30 volumes of The Book of Songs, 6 volumes of Lu Jing, 6 volumes of Prevention of Rivers in Past Dynasties, 4 volumes of Ji Sheng of Huangshan Mountain and 4 volumes of Pavilion Collection. Forty-two volumes of rural ancestors' poems were selected in his later years, and Yangcheng Died Before Publication (the tenth volume of Tongcheng Old Town Biography). The follow-up work was continued for ten years by Tongli Ma Shuhua and Xu's nephew Su Jiyuan in the first year of Xianfeng (1856438+), and Tong Jiu Ji is the largest collection of poems after Long Mian. Mr. Xu Jie's "Tong Jiu Ji Tong Cheng Poetry" has a detailed and in-depth study of this collection: the first 40 volumes of this collection are divided into volumes based on the surnames in the city, and the poets with surnames are arranged in historical order, while the entries in the last two volumes are listed as female and foreign; The editing style is mainly people's poems, with biographies of poets, outlining the creative ability and related evaluation.
12. Introduction to Long Mian edited by Ma Shuhua.
Ma Shuhua (1786— 1853), whose name is Gongshi (a word strategist) and whose name is Xiao Mei, is the ancestor of Ma Qichang. In the twelfth year of Jiaqing (1807), it was the deputy list of gongsheng, and the official passed the sentence to Runan Prefecture, Henan Province. Yao Nai, who studied under the influence of ancient prose, was highly praised by ancient prose in Tongcheng. He wrote a lot of books in his life, such as "Past Dynasties" and "Family History of Nations and Yi People", and I was very diligent (Volume 11 of "Biography of Yi People in Tongcheng"). According to biographies of ministers who died in Ming Dynasty, unofficial history and private collection, it is recorded as four volumes of Shi Youhui Collection, and he wrote sixteen volumes of Ke Jiu Zhai Poetry Collection. For Tongcheng local literature, Ma Shuhua paid the most attention and devoted his life to it. First of all, he helped the school magazine, and was the first to continue proofreading Wang Zhuo's Selected Poems of CheungYueng, which became the "final version". Then he directly participated in the compilation and collation of Xu Cong's Tong Jiu Ji, and finally completed the publication and engraving. In addition, there are many kinds of local documents that he carved, such as 70 volumes of Ma Shichao, 10 volumes of Selected Notes of Tongcheng, Notes on Taifu, Genealogy and Family Biography. Most importantly, he also compiled the 12-volume Long Mian Summary, which is a document about the city, making up for the shortcomings of the Miscellanies of the City (the eleventh volume of Tongcheng Old Biography). There were two editions of Tongcheng County Chronicles in Qing Dynasty, among which Daoguang's second edition, because of its miscellaneous records and many omissions in the deeds of former sages, made Tongcheng scholars dissatisfied, and Ma Shuhua, Fang Zongcheng and others searched for it in various ways in order to make corrections. Fang Zongcheng once wrote many manuscripts of local chronicles in Bai, especially praised Ma Shuhua's Long Mianlue as "making up for the mistakes of Tongcheng local chronicles" (Fang Zongcheng reprinted Liyang chronicles) and made a biography for it. Ma Shuhua, he said, "takes local chronicles as a document, which is unfair and unorganized, and his deeds are not verified, so the letter cannot be conveyed." Because it takes the manuscripts of the previous generation, supplements the ancient records, changes the mistakes, and changes the righteous examples to preserve the truth "(Fang Zongcheng's Biography of Ma Gong). From the above deeds, we can see Ma Shuhua's sincere heart in praising sages' poems and his intention in preserving local literature.
13. "longmian series" is widely used in harmony series.
Bright and harmonious (1781-1858), originally called Liyuan, was called Suiyuan at night. When I was young, I was "poor", borrowed books and studied hard. In the 14th year of Jiaqing (1809), I was a scholar and an official in Zhili. Later, he "returned from illness" (Volume 10 of Tongcheng Old Biography). Guang Congxie studied under Yao Nai in his early years, and his articles were all learned. He made friends with talented people in Tongli, such as Liu Kai, Zhang Congxian, Yao Ying, Xu Ying and others. Li resigned from his post in middle age, specializing in book collection and writing, with a collection of more than 30,000 volumes and many books handed down from generation to generation, including Jia's collection of poems and essays. In addition, Guang also devoted himself to collecting and sorting out the writings of rural ancestors, and collected hundreds and dozens of "Longmian Series" and published them in person. Before the publication was finished, Xianfeng began to engrave more than 90 kinds according to Ma Qiyang's words (Volume 10 of Tongcheng Biography). Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the compilation of Long Mian's posthumous works has been arranged in chronological order, especially in the Qing Dynasty, such as Fang Bao's Two Volumes of Wang Xi's Notes, Yao Nai's Four Volumes of Xi Baoxuan's Records, and Qian Chengzhi's Ten Volumes of Field Collection. Prior to this, Tongcheng local documents were mostly lost works (The Old Biography of Tongcheng, Volume 10), and the extensive Longmian Series was the first to include a county document in the form of a series (Hu Shi to Zhang), showing the grand occasion of Tongcheng literati's writing and creation for hundreds of years.
14. essays of Tongcheng, China, essays of Tongcheng, China, edited by Xiao Mu.
Xiao Mu (1835- 1905), whose word is respectful, started as a farmer's home, but he tried him many times in his official career as a cold Confucian who devoted his life to collecting, sorting and proofreading ancient books (Liu Shangheng's "A Cold Confucian who left his hometown and was full of knowledge-a record of Xiao Mu, an Anhui philologist in the late Qing Dynasty"). He visited schools and books all his life, and "got to know each other all over the world" (Volume 11 of Tongcheng Old Town Biography), and made numerous celebrities, including Xiang Xian, Ma Fuzhen, Fang Zongcheng and others. Xiao Mu loves collecting books, and with a meager salary, he has collected 20,000 books, including many works of the Qing Dynasty and precious ancient books. At the same time, Xiao, with his profound philology skills, helped people to collate and publish more than 100 books such as Selected Poems of Past Dynasties, Family History of Confucius, and Collection of Ancient Chinese Characters. In addition, he has compiled more than four or five hundred manuscripts, including sixteen volumes of Jing Fu Draft, Miscellaneous Draft, Diary, Letters, etc., and even began to compile Tongcheng Zheng Wen, a masterpiece of local literature, on the basis of extensive collection of works of Tongcheng ancestors. Xiao Mu claimed that in the process of collecting books, proofreading books and writing books, he "always thought about the humanities in his hometown" (Selected Preface of Tongcheng Literary Prose in Past Dynasties), so he paid more attention to rural literature, and even reached the point of "knocking on anecdotes without knowing them" (Volume 11 of Tongcheng Old Biography). Fang Zongcheng said that he was "young, knowledgeable and far-reaching" and was a "rising star in Tongcheng" (preface to Li Zhuo's Jingfu Manuscript), so his anthology "Tongcheng Luwen" was not caught and was killed many times, so he was solemnly entrusted to improve it. Xiao Mu named the library "Zheng Wenge", which reflected his ambition to compile books. Subsequently, he selected 83 schools selected by Lu Wen as the selection basis, exhausted more than 30 years of hard work, extensively searched, and got more than 70 schools. There are still many omissions in the Ming Dynasty selected by Li Ya and He Mian, so there are 230 authors from Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, with more than 4,380 articles and 264 volumes, named Tongcheng. The principle of compiling Zheng Wen is obviously the method of "extensive selection". According to Xiao Mu, that is, "all theories of righteousness, classics, textual research and ci chapters are in full swing and detailed", and "the purpose is to preserve the documents of one city for more than 500 years" (Preface to Selected Works of Zheng Wen in Tongcheng, Guo Dynasty). Because of this, with Xiao Mu's financial situation at that time, it was almost impossible to print Zheng Wen. However, the compilation of "Zheng Wen" still attracted the enthusiastic attention of Xiao Mu literati circle at that time. With the urging and help of friends, Xiao Mu decided to compile the National Selected Works of Tongcheng Zheng Wen (Volume 26 * * *) with 57 authors and more than 580 articles from the early Qing Dynasty to the Tongzhi period as the topic of "Muslim elegance, gentleness and obedience". Xiao Mu single-handedly sorted out Tongcheng township literature, and actually merged it into a collection and an anthology, which made great achievements.
15. The Old Biography of Tongcheng written by Ma Qichang.
Ma Qichang (1855— 1930), whose real name is Tong Bo and whose night name is Bao Runweng, is Ma Shuhua's nephew. He is known as the "Temple Army" of Tongcheng School, because he studied under many famous artists such as Dai Balanced, Fang, Yu and so on, and abided by Tongcheng ancient prose. He used to be the head of Lujiang Qianchuan Academy, tongcheng middle school and Normal School, and Xuan Tong Middle School was the teaching point of Shi Jing University. Later, he was appointed as the inspector of Anhui colleges and the editor-in-chief of the Qing history museum. He is the author of Fei Zhouyi's Study, Zhuangzi's Old Stories and Bao Runxuan's Collected Works. Influenced by Belzuma Shu Hua's strong interest in sorting out rural literature, and Ma family is a famous family in Tongcheng, with a rich collection of ancient books, Ma Qichang is determined to compile a biography of Tongcheng sages. After more than 20 years of collecting, sorting out and supplementing, I compiled Tongcheng Old Biography, a classic academic history book of Tongcheng (from Tongcheng Old Collection to Tongcheng Old Biography by Xu Jie). The twelve volumes of this book, focusing on surnames, collected 59 surnames in Tongcheng with 123, which fully reflected the family's good words and deeds and literary achievements in Tongcheng.
[This paper is one of the phased achievements of the key project (20 13 SQRW045ZD) of the Outstanding Youth Fund in Anhui Province]
(Author: School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Anqing Normal University)