Du Fu who "reads poetry in groups"
Text/Si Yanping
Write in front:
Group reading is a very popular breakthrough and innovation in reading teaching. As the name implies, group reading is a reading method that combines a group of articles in a certain way, guides students to read, develops their own views in reading, and thus improves reading ability and thinking ability. From group reading, I thought of group poetry reading. Since articles can be grouped and integrated in a certain way to guide students to talk about their own views and opinions, can poetry teaching be the same?
I have made some explorations on the Chinese teaching of literati before, but now I think about it, which should belong to the category of reading group poems.
At that time, there were some superficial ideas:
First, integrate the works of the same writer in the teaching materials, compare them in integration and improve them in comparison;
Second, expand relevant works and guide students to read other works of the writer, which can represent the writer's experience and mood at a certain stage of his life;
Thirdly, teachers should read and understand the author's anecdote biography deeply and carefully, and have a clear life track in their hearts;
Fourth, the understanding of each writer is presented in words as a bridge for students to understand writers, inspiring and guiding students to write their own understanding and views on writers;
Fifth, except the works involved in the textbook, the expansion of other contents should be presented in the form of reading class, which should not be too detailed and detailed, otherwise it will be suspected of usurping the role of the host, but it will be self-defeating and irrelevant.
Every scholar's knowledge and understanding are developed with the idea of "reading poems-reading people-writing people". The works are skillfully combined with the writer himself, and through mutual appreciation of printing and dyeing, the reading ability is enhanced and the Chinese literacy is improved.
A little outline thinking and thinking made me feel eager to approach, read and write Lao Du.
First, read poetry and know people.
1. Author information:
Du Fu (7 12-770) was born in Gongxian County (now Gongyi, Henan Province). A great realistic poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. About 65,438+0,500 poems have been preserved, and these works are superb in poetic skills. His influence on China's classical poetry was far-reaching, and he was honored as a "poet saint" by later generations. His poems are also called "the history of poetry". Du Fu and Li Bai are both called "Du Li". In order to distinguish it from the other two poets, Li Shangyin and Du Mu, namely "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li".
2. Selected readings of poems
Wang yue
What a magnificent scenery Mount Tai is! Endless green spans Qilu and Qilu. ..
The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north.
Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy, and birds fly back and forth in front of my nervous eyes. ..
Try to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet.
Poetry appreciation:
This poem is an early work of Du Fu, which was written about 24 years after the early year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (736). At this time, the poet was "dissolute between Zhao and Qi, and Qiu Ma was quite clear and crazy". When he traveled to Shandong, he was attracted by the magnificent scenery of Mount Tai and wrote this poem "Looking at Yue".
The poem depicts the majestic atmosphere of Mount Tai, expresses the poet's ambition to reach the summit, and shows an enterprising and positive attitude towards life, which is very philosophical. This poem is magnificent, comprehensive in brushwork and sonorous in words, which fully shows the outstanding creative talent of young Du Fu.
Give it to Li Bai
Qiu Lai cares about him,
Ge Hong is not ashamed of Dansha.
Drinking crazy songs and wasting your life,
Who is domineering for?
Poetry appreciation:
In the early summer of 744 AD, Du Fu and Li Bai, who had just been given money by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, met in Luoyang and traveled with Liang and Song (now Kaifeng City and Shangqiu City, Henan Province). In 745 AD (the fourth year of Tianbao), they went to Zhao Qi together, and they went hunting together, wrote poems and papers, and became brothers. This autumn, Du Fu and Li Bai broke up in Luxian County (now Yanzhou, Shandong Province), and Du Fu wrote this poem as a gift. In the poem, they lamented that they were wandering and learned nothing. The phrase "binge drinking" is not only an exhortation to good friends, but also a warning to the police. This is serious and sincere, which shows the sincerity of their friendship. This is the earliest quatrain in Du Fu's existing poems.
From Beijing to Fengxian, chanting 500 words (excerpt)
If you are poor, you will worry about Li Yuan, sighing for intestinal heat.
It's fierce to make fun of classmates.
Without rivers and seas, you can send the sun and the moon smartly.
When you were born Yao Shun, you couldn't bear to use that tactic.
The wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and the road has frozen bones.
Pick it up and send it to a different county, with ten mouths separated by snow.
Poetry appreciation:
This is a famous poem among Du Fu's five-character poems. Du Fu traveled from Beijing to Fengxian from October to November in 755 (Tianbao Fourteenth Year) (this poem is entitled "Written in Early October"). In this year 10, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty took Yang Guifei to the Huaqing Palace in Lishan Mountain to escape from the cold, and1/month An Shi Rebellion sent troops to rebel. When Du Fu crossed Mount Li, Xuanzong and Guifei were having a good time, and the rebels in An Lushan were already at daggers drawn. At that time, the news of the Anshi Rebellion had not reached Chang 'an, but the poet's experiences and feelings on the way had already revealed the clues of social unrest, so there was an atmosphere of "coming events cast their shadows before them" in the poem, which showed the poet's keen observation.
"Zhumen wine stinks, and the road is frozen." Rulers enjoy all kinds of treasures in the world without stint, and there are dead bodies outside the palace gate. Heaven and hell, which are close at hand, express the poet's strong dissatisfaction and sorrow, and this famous sentence has become an eternal famous sentence for the poet to gain insight into the world.
moonlit night
In Fuzhou, far away, she is looking at the moonlight, looking at it alone from the window of her room.
For our boys and girls, poor little baby, too young to know where the capital is.
Her cloudy hair is sweet with mist, and her jade-white shoulders are cold in the moonlight.
When can we lie on the screen again and look at the bright light and stop crying? .
Poetry appreciation:
In the spring of the 15th year of Tianbao (756), An Lushan attacked Tongguan from Luoyang. In May, Du Fu moved from Fengxian to Baishui (now Baishui County, Shaanxi Province) to his uncle. In June, Chang 'an fell, Xuanzong fled to Shu, the rebels entered Baishui, and Du Fu fled to Qiang village in Zhangzhou with his family. In July, Su Zong ascended the throne in Lingwu (now Lingwu County, Ningxia). Du Fu learned that he had arrived in Lingwu from Zhangzhou alone, only to be captured by Anshi rebels on the way and taken back to Chang 'an. This poem was written when I was trapped in Chang 'an, expressing my deep concern for my wife and family in the chaos. Love is profound and true, as clear as words, without any trace of being bound by conventional poetry. The conception of this poem adopts the way of empathy. "My heart has been fascinated by the other side, and poetry has flown from the other side. It is extremely sad and exquisite, and every word reflects the wonderful color of the moon" (Reading Du Xinjie). Later poets often learn this rule.
Looking for flowers alone in the seven quatrains by the river
Huang Si's maiden is full of flowers,
Thousands of flowers bent the branches.
Butterflies have been dancing,
Charming songbirds sing freely.
Poetry appreciation:
This poem was written in 760 AD. After suffering from troubled times, the poet lived in Chengdu, Sichuan, and temporarily had a place to live. His life is stable and his mood is comfortable. In the spring season, he walked alone by the river to enjoy the flowers and wrote a set of seven-line quatrains, the sixth of which.
This poem shows a picture of spring blooming, butterflies singing and dancing, full of vitality and quiet publicity, and fully expresses the poet's intoxication and happy expression of spring between the lines.
Lonely goose
A lone goose doesn't want to drink water, refuses to eat, just flies low and longs for its companion.
The geese disappear in the sea of clouds, who will pity the geese in the sky?
Looking at the horizon, I seem to see the figure of my companion; The voice in the valley seems to hear the voice of the companion.
Wild birds don't understand the lonely goose's heart, but make noise for their own voice.
Poetry appreciation:
This object-chanting poem was written in the early days of Daqing, and Du Fu lived in Yizhou in his later years. Due to the political chaos in Sichuan, Du Fu left Chengdu with his family. In his later years, the poet died of illness and was in a difficult situation.
This is a ode to the goose who misses the sheep, and its emotion is deep and strong. The lonely goose is so lonely and miserable, but at the same time, it has to keep calling and pursuing. Its love for friends burns fiercely in its chest, and it can even abandon eating and drinking, regardless of safety; Although my life is thin but my heart is high, I would rather fly in the clouds, but I didn't pay attention to the yellow rain and cold pond. My poetry is intense and my ideological realm is high.
Climbing Yueyang Tower
I heard that Dongting Lake is magnificent before, but today's wish has finally reached Yueyang Tower.
The vast lake tore Wu Chu apart, as if the sun, moon and stars were floating in the water.
There is no news from my friends or relatives. I am old and sick, drifting in a boat.
The battle of the north gate began again, and I cried through the railing.
Poetry appreciation:
In 768 AD (the third year of Tang Daizong Dali), Du Fu arrived in Yueyang (now Hunan) from Gongan (now Hubei), boarded Yueyang Tower and looked out, touching the scene and writing this poem.
The poet abandons the exquisite description of the scenery in front of him, and focuses on writing from the big picture, calling for heaven and grabbing land, worrying about the country and the people, tragic and desolate, which makes people cry. Looking back in time, it covers Wu Chu and Yueguan Mountain in space. The sadness of his life experience and his worries about the country are boundless, which blends seamlessly with the water potential of Dongting and forms a profound artistic conception.
3. You ask and I answer
Question 1: Which poem of Du Fu touched you the most? Tell me why.
Question 2: After reading this group of poems, which poems have you recited? Why are you impressed by these poems?
Question 3: Are Du Fu's poetic styles the same in different periods? Why?
Second, read the text to know people
1, the teacher in the water
Kang Zhen called Du Fu Lao Du Xin, kind, casual and natural. As a junior, he did the same thing and felt the same way. If Lao Du is not pure to clear and transparent, pure to respectable and lovely, how can the younger generation look up and look at him without any distance?
Reading Du Fu, I always follow his tears to find his trace. When he was young, he shed tears of passion and longing; In his prime, he shed tears of helplessness and loneliness; In middle age, he shed muddy and sentimental tears; In his twilight years, he shed old and pale tears. Who else is wandering around like duckweed like his turbulent life? What is precious is that in the shadow, the unchangeable childlike innocence is deposited in the atrium from beginning to end, impartial.
The family ideal of observing Confucianism and officials and the good family education atmosphere laid the ideological foundation of Du Fu's loyalty to the monarch and patriotism. "Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see that all the other mountains look short under the sky." Du Fu in his youth was full of ambition and self-confidence, and he firmly believed that his outstanding talents would be useful. Although he just failed in the imperial examination for the first time when he was writing Wang Yue, this examination did not bring any trouble to Du Fu. What's wrong with failing once in your youth? What's the harm of playing once? Have a plenty of heroism and courage to come back, have a plenty of longing for the future!
So, 24-year-old Du Fu began his frivolous roaming years. This poem "Looking at Yue" was written by Du Fu when he was roaming the land of Qilu. During the roaming, the biggest gain can be described as his meeting with Li Bai. These two bright Gemini constellations crossed each other in the sky of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, which not only brought them valuable life experiences, but also left a story, a strange fate and a fortune to history and literary circles. At this time, Du Fu had no heavy sympathy, no sad sigh, only romantic beauty and confident expectation. Our old Du was once young and frivolous, dreamy and romantic! "Drinking crazy songs for nothing, who is domineering?" Who says it must refer to Li Taibai, and who says it won't refer to Du Zimei?
Not only Du Fu, but also every scholar in China regards it as an ideal of life. Studying at a cold window and stepping into official career have interpreted the fate of China literati. At that time, although there was weather in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, there was no backbone. Li, a traitor, cut off the dreams of all scholars and said, "Nothing in the wild". The implication is that there is no one else, and the fatuous Tang Xuanzong is convinced of this. There are so many rulers in charge of Du Fu's fate. What can they do even if they are brilliant? However, the promise I have kept all my life is here, and there is still a glimmer of hope everywhere. It is difficult to find an official in Chang' an for ten years, which can be described as persistence? How difficult it is to ask for an official, and the cold is unbearable, and all kinds of tastes are mixed. Even saying and writing poems against one's will for that glimmer of hope is a great irony for a scholar who can't mediate at all! This unforgettable experience gave Du Fu an opportunity to experience the bottom and gain insight into people's livelihood. "When you are poor, you are worried about Li Yuan, and your intestines are sighing with heat", "The wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and the road freezes to death". These well-known poems freely tell your own feelings, worry about the country and the people, and show heavy compassion. They began in Chang 'an to find an official.
"Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers last forever, and there are trees and grass." An Lushan's heavy hammer shattered the dream of Tang Xuanzong and brought the Tang Dynasty into the eight-year war. Du Fu, who was in Chang 'an, was not spared and suffered desertion. He was once captured by the rebels. Fortunately, Du Fu's reputation was not far away at that time, and he was able to escape from the hands of the rebels without being sealed off. Suffering from the war, Du Fu suffered a lot when he witnessed the terrible land and was separated from his relatives. Moonlit Night and Spring Hope are sincere expressions of this painful feeling of missing relatives. "For our boys and girls, the poor baby is too young to know where the capital is." The poor child looked blankly at his mother, wondering why her mother cried when she looked at the moon in the distance. Missing each other with his wife increased the poet's inner suffering and pain. Du Fu painstakingly recorded the scenes in the war, and that bloody history appeared in the poet's pen, knocking on the hearts of predecessors and future generations.
After Du Fu fled from the rebels, he still went to Su Zong with the ambition of serving the country and sought the post of left gleaning. However, due to Du Fu's inflexibility and lack of talent, Du Fu was in jeopardy in this official position. Soon Su Zong was cold to him, but he was allowed to go home to visit relatives. I have been separated from my relatives for more than ten years, but the tragic situation of my family made Du Fu feel extremely sad. However, Du Fu realized that the road to being an official was bright because of his difficult existence in North Korea. It is better to go home, find a pure land, and let yourself and your family get into trouble.
Du Fu took his family all the way, first to Qin Zhou, then to Tonggu and then to Chengdu. The journey through the mountains was very difficult. This period of exile has enriched the poet's experience and vision, which is not necessarily wealth for poetry creation; But for life, reading is really unbearable. Du Fu built a thatched cottage by the Huanhua River. The lovely Lao Du probably didn't think that his thatched cottage would become a place for future generations to worship him, did he? It should be said that these four years of living in Chengdu are four happy years in Du Fu's life. At least he doesn't have to work hard, at least he doesn't worry about food and clothing. How easy his heart is to satisfy! "butterflies dance all the time, and yinger just sings freely" and "sneak into the night with the wind, when spring comes", Lao Du's poems have the bright color of life!
However, the relatively comfortable life in Chengdu did not fill the poet's yearning for Chang 'an and Luoyang. Perhaps driven by the fate of leaves. Du Fu bought a boat and went to Chang 'an. It suddenly occurred to me that Du Fu's heart was a bit like the Tang Priest who was obsessed with westward journey and pedantic and stubborn. People in their fifties are ill and have to travel thousands of miles. If this is not an idea, how can it be? Passing through Kuizhou, my mouth is thirsty. "Lonely geese don't drink pecks, but miss the crowd". That lone goose is like a poet far away from home! There are always many fates and variables in a person's life. The more he is eager to fulfill his long-cherished wish, the more reality deviates from his wish. 59-year-old Du Fu never moved around and stayed in Yueyang forever. Even though the oil lamp of life has burned out, he wrote "Climbing Yueyang Tower", chanting the feelings of "there are mountains beyond the Great Wall and tears at the railing". Simple children are like him, and their true colors are like him!
Life is miserable, life is displaced, life is determined, and all hearts and feelings are precipitated in the long river of poetry, which has achieved the reputation of poetry history. Persistence in purity, transcendence in persistence and perfection in transcendence are the reasons for poets.
Talk about feelings
Question 1: How do you feel after reading the article written by Teacher Lao Du? How much do you know about Lao Du? Please say one or two.
Question 2: People say that writing is like a person, but poetry is like a person. So, what do you think is the background color (or main color) of Du Fu's poems?
Third, read people and write people.
Guide students to write their understanding and feelings about Du Fu. You can write less at first, and the number of words is not limited, mainly to encourage praise.