Interpretation of literary criticism terms: what does "knowing people and discussing the world" mean?

Hello! On a concept of China's ancient literary theory and the principles and methods of literary criticism put forward by Mencius. From Mengzi Wanzhang: "Praise his poems and read his books, but I don't know who he is." ? It is based on its world, but it still exists. "Mencius believes that literary works are closely related to the writer's own life thoughts and the background of the times. Therefore, only by knowing people and discussing the world, that is, understanding the author's life thoughts and writing background, can we objectively and correctly understand and grasp the ideological content of literary works. This principle of Mencius had a far-reaching influence on the literary criticism of later generations, and was consciously or unconsciously followed by literary critics of past dynasties. In Qing Dynasty, Zhang Xuecheng said in Shi Wen Yi Tong Wen De: "If you don't understand the world of the ancients, you can't talk about their words. Knowing the world, I don't know where the ancients are, and I can't talk about their writings. "Know the world, should be the first and second. In literary criticism, it is necessary to know people and discuss the world, so as to make a correct evaluation of works.

Idiom knowing people and discussing the world

Pronunciation zh zh é r é n l ü n Shi √.

Interpretation refers to understanding a person and studying his background. Now it also refers to the identification of good or bad character and the discussion of world gains and losses.

The source of Mencius Zhang Wan: "I wonder if I can praise his poems and read his books." It is based on its world. "Attachment: Appreciate ancient poetry by knowing people and commenting on the world.

Han Yu's "Teacher's Theory" has always been regarded as the first article devoted to "Teacher's Way" in China's educational history. However, when we interpret Shi Shuo in connection with the social background of the work and the author's life experience, we will find that the article not only discusses the necessity and principles of learning from teachers, but also criticizes the bad habit of "being ashamed to learn from teachers" in society at that time, and also practices the thought of Han Yu's ancient prose movement, which becomes an opportunity for Han Yu to express his views on reality.

Mencius said, "I don't know who he is when I praise his poems and read his books." ? It is based on its world, but it still exists. "Shang" and "Shang" are the same. Shang You is a good friend, taking the ancients as friends. Only by understanding the times when the ancients lived and their people and experiences can we better understand them and their works. This method of understanding the works by combining the author's life and the background of the times is the so-called "knowing people and discussing the world". It is not only a prerequisite for reading and appreciating literary works, but also a basic method. From a certain point of view, "knowing people and discussing the world" is the key for readers to open the palace of literary works. Using this key well can help us find a way to appreciate poetry.

Let's first look at Han Yu's Late Spring: "A grass and a tree know that spring comes early and returns early, and colorful flowers compete for Fang Fei. Huayang Jade Pod has no talent and thinking, but only solves the problem of flying snow. "

This is an interesting sketch. Through the title of the poem, we can know that the poem describes the scene of late spring; Rereading this poem, a picture emerges: spring returns to the earth. It seems that all the grass trees found this news, all wanted to keep her, and all tried their best to compete for fragrance. In an instant, flowers were blooming. Ironically, catkins and elm pods, which were originally full of color and flavor, were unwilling to be lonely. They joined in the fun, danced with the wind and became snow flies.

If you don't know the author, you will have various understandings of "Huayang Yugui" in the poem. But when we contact the author Han Yu and his times, the answer is clear. As far as his life and life are concerned, Han Yu is not only the main commander of the "decline of eight generations of literature", but also the pioneer of the adventure poetry school, full of courage. He can appreciate the courage of "Huayang Yuyue" for no reason. Apart from being unique in Yuanhe poems, he also highly praised Meng Jiao and Jia Dao, who were neglected at that time. The strange and hard poetic styles of these two men were different in the poetic circles at that time, didn't they also belong to the category of "Huayang Yugui"? It can be seen that Han Yu is not necessarily unsympathetic or sarcastic about the "flower pod" image he created. It can even be said that the poet encourages people who have no talent to dare to create like Huayang Fish Pod.

It can be seen that "knowing people and discussing the world" helps us to find the poet's beating heart between the lines of poetry, helps us to pursue the lost years and truly feel the ancient atmosphere.

Let's take a look at Ouyang Xiu's "Don't Chu": "Flowers are thick and rotten, and willows are light and bright. Give me hops before you drink them. I was drunk as usual, and I didn't teach Sixian to be silent. "

This poem was written in the eighth year of Li Qing (A.D. 1048) when Ouyang Xiu was appointed as the magistrate of Yangzhou, and Chuzhou folks were the author's farewell dinner. Ouyang Xiu was demoted as the prefect of Chuzhou in the fifth year of Qing Dynasty (AD 1045) and worked as a local official for more than two years. We will think of "the meaning of drunkenness is not in wine, but in mountains and rivers" in the "Drunken Pavilion" in junior high school. The joy of mountains and rivers, the joy of people's hearts and the wine in the house are also "Lu Xiu". When it comes to the third sentence in the poem, "I am drunk as usual", readers will smile. The drunkenness of the poet is not the drunkenness of sadness and depression, but the drunkenness of pride and joy.

His optimistic and open-minded feelings are undoubtedly revealed here.

From knowing people and discussing the world, and recalling the peerless elegance of the past years, we can appreciate the beauty of ancient prose and truly feel the pleasure of reading!