1, poet fairy-Li Bai
Li Bai (70 1-762), whose real name is Taibai, also known as "purple laity" and "fallen fairy", was a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty, and was praised as "poetic fairy" by later generations, and was also called "Du Li" with Du Fu. In order to distinguish himself from two other poets, Li Shangyin and Du Mu, that is, "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai merged again. He is cheerful and generous, loves to drink and write poems, and likes to make friends.
Li Bai was deeply influenced by Huang Lao's idea of sorting out villages. Li Taibai's poems have been handed down from generation to generation, and most of his poems were written when he was drunk. His representative works include Looking at Lushan Waterfall, it is hard to go, Difficult Road to Shu, Entering Wine, Liang, The First Building of Baidicheng, etc.
Li Bai's ci-fu enjoys a high position in the existing biographies of Song people (such as Xiang) in terms of its pioneering significance and artistic achievements.
2. Poet Saint Du Fu
Du Fu (7 12-770) was born in Xiangyang, Han nationality, and then moved to Gongxian County, Henan Province. A great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, who claimed to be a young man at night, was called "Du Li" together with Li Bai. In order to distinguish Li Shangyin, Du Mu and Xiao Du Li, Du Fu and Li Bai are also called Da Du Li, and Du Fu is often called Lao Du.
Du Fu's influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Caotang.
Du Fu wrote such famous works as Spring Hope, Northern Expedition, Three Officials and Three Farewells. In the second year of Gan Yuan (759), Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan. Although he fled the war and lived a relatively stable life, he still cared about the whole life and the affairs of the country. Although Du Fu is a realistic poet, he also has a wild and unruly side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroism and dry clouds from his masterpiece Song of Drinking Eight Immortals.
The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government, and he has the great wish of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior, and then making the customs pure". Although Du Fu was not famous during his lifetime, his fame spread far and wide, which had a far-reaching impact on China literature and Japanese literature. About 65,438+0,500 poems of Du Fu have been preserved, most of which are collected by Du Gongbu.
3. Poet-Liu Yuxi
Liu Yuxi (772-842), a native of Luoyang, Henan, called himself "Luoyang" and Zhongshan. ? The first one is Zhongshan, Wang Jing and Liu Sheng. Writers and philosophers in the Tang Dynasty were called "poets".
Liu Yuxi was a scholar in the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793). At the beginning, he was a clerk in Du You's shogunate and an envoy in Huainan, and was highly valued by Du You. Later, he entered the DPRK from Du You, supervising the empire. At the end of Zhenyuan, he made friends with Liu Zongyuan, Han Ye and formed a political group headed by Wang. Later, he successively served as Sima Langzhou, Secretariat of Lianzhou, Secretariat of Kuizhou, Secretariat of Hezhou, Doctor of Host and Guest, Minister of Rites, and Secretariat of Suzhou. In Huichang, we will check the history of the Ministry of Justice. He died at the age of 70 and gave it to the Minister of Housing.
Liu Yuxi's poems and essays are all excellent, with a wide range of subjects. Known as "Liu Liu" with Liu Zongyuan, "Three Masters" with Wei and Bai Juyi, and "Bai Liu" with Bai Juyi, including the humble room, Zhi Zhu Ci, Yang Liuzhi Ci and Wuyi Lane. Three philosophical works, The Theory of Heaven, discuss the materiality of heaven and analyze the origin of the theory of destiny, which is materialistic. There are works of Liu Mengde and Liu Binke.
4. Shi Fo Wang Wei
Wang Wei (70 1-76 1, 699-76 1) was born in Zhou Pu, Hedong (now Yuncheng, Shanxi), and his ancestral home was Qixian, Shanxi. A famous poet and painter in the Tang Dynasty, the word "Mo Mo" was named "Mo Mo Ju Shi".
Wang Wei was born in the royal family of Hedong, and was the first scholar in the 19th year of Kaiyuan (73 1). Li Guan right gleaned, supervised the remonstrance, and made our time in Hexi. During the Tianbao period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Wang Wei worshipped the official department as a doctor and servant. When An Lushan captured Chang 'an, Wang Wei was forced to take a false post. After Chang 'an was recovered, he was accused of granting Prince Zhongyun. In the first year of Tang Suzong's rule, he was appointed as a senior minister, so he was called "Wang Youcheng".
Wang Wei is proficient in poetry, calligraphy, painting and music. He is famous for his poems of Kaiyuan and Tianbao, especially his five words. He and Meng Haoran are called "Wang Meng" and "Shi Fo"? . Calligraphy and painting are particularly wonderful, and later generations promoted it to the ancestor of Nanzong landscape painting. Su Shi commented: "Poetry is full of paintings; Look at the picture, there are poems in the picture. " ? There are more than 400 poems, including Acacia and Autumn Night in the Mountain. His works include The Collection of Wang Youcheng's Works and The Secret of Painting.
5. Poet prisoners-Meng Jiao and Jia Dao
Jia Dao:
Jia Dao (779 ~ 843), a famous poet, was called a poet slave, and was also called "the island of thin suburbs" with Meng Jiao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Han nationality, a native of Fanyang County (now Zhuozhou, Hebei Province), Youzhou, Hebei Province in the Tang Dynasty.
Self-named "Jieshishan people". It is said that in Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi), monks were forbidden to go out in the afternoon, so Jia Dao complained about writing poems, and Han Yu discovered his talent and became a "poet". Later, he was taught by Han Yu to take the imperial examination, but failed to win the first place.
Tang Wenzong was excluded and demoted as the main book of the Yangtze River (now Daying County, Sichuan Province). At the beginning of Huichang, Tang Wuzong was transferred from Sicang, Zhou Pu to a family, but he didn't die of illness.
Meng Jiao:
Meng Jiao (75 1—8 14), whose name is Dongye, was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. Huzhou (now Deqing County, Zhejiang Province) was born in Wu Kang and Pingchang (now Linyi County, Dezhou, Shandong Province). Ancestors lived in Luoyang [1-4]? (now Luoyang, Henan), and later lived in seclusion in Songshan.
Meng Jiao made two attempts to become a scholar. He was a scholar at the age of forty-six, and once served as a county commandant in Liyang. Unable to realize his ambition, he wandered among fairies and wrote poems. Even the official business was wasted, and the county magistrate changed a fake one. Later, he was recommended by He Nanyin and Zheng Yuqing to work in Henan (now Luoyang, Henan) and spent most of his later years in Luoyang. In the ninth year of Yuanhe, Zheng Yuqing recruited him to join the army again in Xingyuan House, but he took his wife to Kanxiang County (now Lingbao, Henan Province), died of sudden illness and was buried in Luoyang East. . Zhang Ji called himself "Mr. Yao Zhen" in private.
Meng Jiao's poems. Because most of his poems describe the cruel world and the sufferings of the people, he is called "the poet's prison" and "the island of thin suburbs" with Jia Dao. There are more than 500 poems by Meng, among which short stories and five ancient poems are the most. Today's biography of Meng Dongye's poems is 10.
6. The poet's magic-Bai Juyi
Bai Juyi (772-846), a native of Xinzheng, Henan Province, was born in Taiyuan, Lotte, Xiangshan, and drunk. He was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty and one of the three great poets in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen * * * advocated the new Yuefu movement, and together with Liu Yuxi, they called the world "Bai Yuan" and "Bai Liu".
Bai Juyi's poems have a wide range of themes, diverse forms and simple and popular language, and are known as "the poet's magic" and "the king of poets". Official to Hanlin bachelor, Zuo Zanshan doctor. In 846 AD, Bai Juyi died in Luoyang and was buried in Xiangshan. Up to now, there are Bai's "Changqing Collection", and the representative works include Song of Eternal Sorrow, Charcoal Man, Pipa Travel and so on.
7. Shi Gui-Li He
Li He (about 79 1 year-about 8 17), a native of Fuchang, Henan Province in the Tang Dynasty (now Yiyang County, Luoyang City, Henan Province), lived in Fuchang Changgu, later called Li Changgu, and was a descendant of Zheng Liang, the imperial clan of the Tang Dynasty. He was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, as well as Du Fu, Li Bai, Shi Fo and Wang Wei, and was known as the "Shi Gui"? . There are famous articles such as Wild Goose Gate Taishouxing and Yu Liping Yin. Author of "Long Valley Collection"? .
Li He was a romantic poet in the mid-Tang Dynasty, and he was also called "Sanli" in Tang Dynasty with Li Bai and Li Shangyin. ? It is a representative of the transition period from the middle Tang Dynasty to the late Tang Dynasty. Most of his poems lament the untimely birth, feel depressed and express the pursuit of ideals and ambitions; It reflects the situation that the vassal region was divided, the eunuchs were authoritarian and brutally exploited the people. Left behind "dark clouds crush the city and want to destroy it", "chickens crow and the world is white", "If there is love in the sky, the sky will be old" and so on.
Li He's poems are full of imagination, and often convey his feelings with myths and legends, so later generations often call him "a genius" and "Shi Gui", and his poems are called "the words of a ghost fairy". There is a saying that "talents are too white and talents are too long." Li He is another famous romantic poet in the history of China literature after Qu Yuan and Li Bai.
Due to long-term depression and sentimental life style, Li He resigned as an official due to illness in Yuanhe eight years (8 13) and returned to Changgu. He died young at the age of 27.
8. Poet and Monk-Miracle
Miracle (863-937), formerly known as Hu Desheng before becoming a monk, was born in Tazu Township, Ningxiang County, Changsha, Hunan Province, and was a famous poet and monk in the late Tang Dynasty. Miracle's life experienced the Tang Dynasty and three Five Dynasties.
9. Poetry Bone-Chen Ziang
Chen Ziang (AD 659 ~ 700), born in Shehong, Zizhou (now Shehong County, Suining City, Sichuan Province), was a poet in the Tang Dynasty and one of the innovative figures in the early Tang Dynasty. Before taking office, the right gleaned, and later generations called it Chen gleaned.
As a teenager, he was generous to Ren Xia. At the age of 24, he was promoted to a scholar. The above books on politics were valued by Empress Wu Zetian, who was awarded orthography. Later, he rose to the right to pick up the remains and dared to say and do it. He was imprisoned for opposing Wuhou's "anti-Party". At the age of 26 and 36, he joined the army twice and had a certain foresight in border defense. At the age of 38 (698 in the first year of the Holy Calendar), his father returned to his hometown because of his dismissal from office, and his father died soon. During the period of mourning in Chen Ziang, Wu Sansi, the powerful minister, ordered Duan Jian of Shehong County to be arrested and brought to justice, and died in prison. ? There are more than *** 100 poems, and their poems are magnificent and profound. Among them, the most representative poems are 38 Poems of Love, 7 Poems of Qiu Ji, Youzhou Tower, Night Banquet in the North Building of Dengzezhou, etc.
10, poet-Wang Bo
Wang Bo (about 650-676), Zi 'an, Han nationality, was a writer in the Tang Dynasty. Longmen (now Hejin, Shanxi Province), a native of Gujiangzhou, was born in a Confucian family, and was called "Wang Luo" and "four outstanding men in the early Tang Dynasty" with Yang Jiong and Lu.
Wang Bo was smart and studious since he was a child. According to Old Tang Book, he was able to write articles at the age of six, and he was known as a "child prodigy". At the age of nine, I read Yan Shigu's Notes on Hanshu and wrote ten volumes of Finger Defects to correct my mistakes. At the age of sixteen, he was appointed Saburo at the request of Su You Branch. He was kicked out of Pei Wang Fu for "cockfighting". After that, Wang Bo spent three years traveling in Bashu mountains and rivers and wrote a lot of poems. After returning to Chang 'an, he asked Zhou Guo to join the army. When he joined the army, he was demoted twice for killing government slaves privately. In August of the 3rd year of Shang Dynasty (676), Tang Gaozong returned from visiting his father and drowned across the sea. He is good at five laws and five unique skills, and his representative works include "Farewell to Vice Governor Du to Shu". The main literary achievement is parallel prose, which is the best in quantity and quality. His masterpiece is Preface to Wang Teng Pavilion.
1 1, Wuyan Great Wall-Liu Changqing
Liu Changqing (about 726-786), Han nationality, born in Xuancheng (now Anhui), was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. After moving to Luoyang, Hejian (now Hebei) is its county. Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty was a scholar in Tianbao period. Su Zong went to Germany to supervise the empire, and later became the governor of Changzhou County. Imprisoned for something, demoted to Nanba. Dai Ren was the judge of transshipment. After knowing the transshipment of Huaixi and Hubei, he falsely demoted Sima Yu. Mid-term construction, official to Suizhou, known as Liu Suizhou.
Liu Changqing's date of birth and death is unknown, and there are great differences among famous scholars. The controversy is fierce. It is generally believed that he was born from 709 to 725 and died from 786 to 790. Liu Changqing is good at poetry and five words, calling himself the "Great Wall of Five Words". Liu Changqing is a popular poet, specializing in scenes, and Liu Changqing's masterpiece "The Lord of Snow House Furong Mountain" was selected as a textbook for full-time schools in China? .
12, Seven Wonders-Wang Changling
Wang Changling (698-757), whose real name was Shao Bo, was born in Jinyang, Hedong (now Taiyuan, Shanxi), and his nickname was Chang 'an, Jing Zhao (now xi 'an). Famous frontier poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Wang Changling was born in a poor family in his early years, and lived mainly by farming. At the age of 30, he became a scholar. First, he served as the secretary of the provincial school book lang, then as a learned and ambitious official, and was demoted to Lingnan for his merits. ? At the end of Kaiyuan, he returned to Chang 'an and awarded Jiangning Cheng. The slandered dragon captain. An Shi rebelled and was killed by Lu Qiuxiao, the secretariat.
Wang Changling had deep contacts with Li Bai, Gao Shi, Wang Wei, Wang Zhihuan and Cen Can. His poems are good at seven wonders, especially the frontier poems written in the northwest frontier before he reached the first place. He has the reputation of "Poet King Jiangning" and is also praised as "Seven Wonders" by later generations. Wang Changling's poems are dense and clear, just like Gao Shi and Wang Zhihuan, who are called Wang Jiangning. There are six volumes of anthology, and four volumes of poetry are compiled today.
Representative works include Seven Songs of Joining the Army, Out of the Shanzhai, Always in My Heart, etc.