Full Chao wears brocade robes, and there is no difference between Yan and Lian; A glass of wine and thousands of people's blood, bowls of fat soup and ointment. People cry and cry, and laugh and cry; Cattle and sheep grazed the jackals, owing to the emperor's service.
This poem is familiar. It turns out that there is a plot in the Korean classical literary work "The Story of Spring Fragrance": the protagonist Li Menglong sings a poem in the official residence of the corrupt official's snowy road: "A golden bottle of wine, a thousand people's blood, a jade plate of ten thousand ointment; Candle tears fall, people cry, and the sound is high. " Li Menglong's poems are similar to couplets and necklaces in Jiaqing Emperor's poems. If it is put today, it will inevitably lead to copyright disputes.
According to experts in the history of Korean literature, Chunxiang Zhuan has been circulated and rewritten for centuries, and was finalized in the early19th century. The seventh year of Jiaqing is 1802, which is the beginning of19th century. Then, is it possible for Emperor Jiaqing to become a "copywriter"? It stands to reason that this possibility is very small. The Qing dynasty regarded itself as a "celestial dynasty" and paid little attention to what happened in North Korea. There is no evidence that Chunxiang Biography was introduced to China shortly after it was written, and it is even more impossible for busy Emperor Jiaqing to have time to read Korean literature (although it was also written in Chinese). Therefore, it is unlikely that Emperor Jiaqing would copy Li Menglong. On the contrary, North Korea was very concerned about the Qing court at that time. North Korea's envoys to China regularly collect all kinds of information from the Qing court and report it to korean king. These reports have become valuable materials for studying the history of China and Korea. Since Emperor Jiaqing's poems are a lesson for civil and military officials, they will naturally spread outside the imperial court, and Koreans will not neglect such important information when paying tribute to China. Therefore, it is more likely that Jiaqing's poems soon spread to North Korea and were rewritten by unknown Korean literati and became the content of Chunxiang Biography.
Now let's go back to Jiaqing Emperor. Emperor Jiaqing was named Aisingiorro, the son of Qianlong, the father of Daoguang, and Renzong, the temple. He was the fifth emperor after entering the Qing Dynasty. His 25-year reign was a transitional stage from "prosperity of health and happiness" to decline in Qing Dynasty. According to historical records, in the third year of Jiaqing (1799), Wang Sanhuai, the founder of Anbaili religion, mentioned in his confession when he was tried in Beijing that "officials forced the people to rebel", and Jiaqing was shocked when he learned that. When it comes to monarchical power, the emperors of the Qing Dynasty are basically ignorant, and Jiaqing also wants to make a difference. Therefore, he has always attached importance to the problem of "punishing corruption and promoting honesty". In the first month of the fourth year of Jiaqing, Emperor Tai Huang Ganlong was honored as a guest of honor. The first important thing that Emperor Jiaqing did after he came to power was to execute Ganlong's minions, corrupt officials and Kun. Since then, he has repeatedly issued decrees to rectify the official administration, and has also handled many major cases. For example, Jacky, the envoy of Hunan Province (equivalent to vice governor and finance director), blackmailed his subordinates, accepted bribes, perverted the law and judged, and was caught and beheaded. Cao Yun Governor Yungui and Governor Fu Gang were sentenced to "hanging" for corruption. Isang 'a, a corrupt and unrepentant governor of Yunnan, was sentenced to "hanging" (the hanging was executed immediately). All these can be seen from Jiaqing's determination and strength to fight corruption.
Many emperors in ancient China scolded, punished or even killed corrupt officials, but it was rare for Jiaqing to write poems and scold them so heartily. From the perspective of poetic art, Jiaqing's imperial poems are not excellent, but it is more obvious that they were written by the emperor himself, not by ci ministers. In the poem, Jiaqing regards officials as the opposite of himself and the people, and expresses his anger at the extravagant life of officials, endangering the people and failing to live up to the "imperial grace". The poem "Cattle and sheep graze for wolves" exactly reflects the position of "monarch", "minister" and "people" in the emperor's mind: officials should fatten royal cattle and sheep (people) like grazing, but the emperor certainly cannot tolerate wolves-like officials eating cattle and sheep.
However, after Jiaqing, the problem of corruption has not been solved, but has become more serious. No feudal dynasty can solve the problem of corruption. In our words today, this is determined by class nature. Moreover, according to the system of the Qing Dynasty, the travel expenses, office expenses and the remuneration of guests and entourage were basically paid by officials themselves, and the normal wages and allowances (then called "clean money") were not enough to maintain the official operation and the luxurious life of officials' families. Therefore, most officials "have to" earn extra income through various names, which has become an essential lubricant for the whole bureaucratic machine. However, at that time, "being an official for thousands of miles is only for money", and officials will not be satisfied with making up for official expenses while gaining extra income. The pursuit of money is "the more the better". When bribery perverts the law as a rule, system or habit, it can't be touched by an emperor's poem or several imperial edicts, nor can it be shocked by several cases or people.
During the Jiaqing period, the Qing dynasty began to be seriously unstable. In the year when Qianlong abdicated to his son Jiaqing, that is, 1796, the Anbaili Uprising that shook the three provinces of Sichuan, Chushan and Shaanxi had begun. The Qing Dynasty devoted all its military and financial resources to mobilizing the landlord class armed forces-Yong Lian, which lasted for nine years to suppress the uprising. During this period, there was also a big case in which poor Chen De assassinated Jiaqing at the entrance of the Forbidden City in the eighth year of Jiaqing (1803). In the 18th year of Jiaqing (18 13), an uprising was launched in Tianjin, North China, and a few dozen insurgents rushed into the palace, turning the ouchi upside down (the Longzongmen of the Forbidden City still retains an arrow of the rebels). Ordinary people assassinated the emperor, and dozens of peasant troops entered the DPRK. This is "something unknown in Han, Tang, Song and Ming Dynasties", which shows how sharp the class contradictions were at that time. After the Tianjin Uprising was pacified, Jiaqing promulgated "culpable of punishment", and after feeling sorry for himself, he had to warn "ministers". Of course, these words will not have any effect. Seven years later, Jiaqing died, and another 30 years later, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, the largest peasant movement in China's history, finally broke out.
It is a historical necessity that Emperor Jiaqing's poems scolding corrupt officials did not clarify the official management, nor could they prevent the occurrence of "world chaos".