Author: Zhang Ji
Metric System: Seven Wonders
original text
On a frosty night, Jiang Feng sleeps by fishing (2).
Hanshan Temple (3) outside Gusu City, and the bell rings at midnight to the passenger ship (4).
All comments
(1) Qiao Feng: Outside Nagato, Suzhou today. The title of this poem is "Sleeping at Night on Maple Bridge".
2. Jiangfeng: a maple tree by the water. Fishing fire: a lamp on a fishing boat. People who can't sleep because of worry. Later generations named the local mountain "Sorrow Sleep" because of this poem.
3. Gusu: another name for Suzhou, named after Gusu Mountain in the southwest of the city. Hanshan Temple: Near Qiao Feng, it was built in the Southern Liang Dynasty. According to legend, it was named after the Tang priest who lived in Hanshan found it.
Midnight bell: At that time, the monk temple had the habit of ringing the bell at midnight, which was also called "impermanence bell". Ceng Yun in Ouyang Xiu's Poem on June 1st said: "Poets are greedy for good sentences, but they are unreasonable and their words are sick." For example, in the Tang Dynasty, there was a saying,' Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City knocks on passenger ships at midnight', which is better said by people. For example, midnight is not the time to ring the bell. "Geng Xi Shi Hua" demonstrates here: "However, I used to be an official in Gusu, and every three drums were exhausted. From the beginning of the fourth drum, the bells of all temples rang. I think it has existed since the Tang Dynasty. After observing Gu Yu's poems, he said, "Be sure to know your friends at home and listen to the midnight bell of Goushan in the distance." Bai Letian said, "Under the new autumn pine, after midnight." Wen Tingyun said:' Looking back at the leisure list frequently, there is no midnight clock in the window.' So the elder said, not just Zhang. Sun Yong, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said in his quatrain "Crossing the Qiao Feng Temple": "To grow old together and dream back, the castle peak will not change its old appearance. The moon sets at the temple near the bridge, and it is still midnight to lean on the pillow. " "Poetry" said: "Zhang Ji's" Midnight Bell Knocks on Passenger Ships "tells a lot of people, all of whom were fooled by the old people. Poetry flows from the scenery only in the tone of melody, and the combination of interest and image is only a fact. How can he be idle? Whether it is right or wrong in the middle of the night, whether the bell is heard or not is unknown. " "Don't pick up the money in Tang Poetry": "Midnight bells are either wrong or there are midnight bells here, which is not a solution. If you want it, the poet can't be persistent. If you persist, then' the morning bell is wet outside the clouds',' the clock and the white clouds' and' the fallen leaves are full of sparse clocks' are all unreasonable. "
Distinguish and appreciate
This is the most famous poem in Dali. The first two sentences are full of images: falling moon, crow, frosty sky, Jiang Feng, fishing fire, sleepless people, which creates an aesthetic situation with rich meanings and rhymes. The last two sentences, the image of the city, the image of the temple, the image of the ship and the image of the bell, are an ethereal and far-reaching artistic conception. It is difficult to see things at night without a moon, fishing and fire are eye-catching, frost and snow are cold; At midnight, in silence, I heard crows and bells. With such a contrast between silence and sound, the scenery is all in love and the sound is all in my heart. The artistic conception is scattered, and the faint guest worries are touched by light and meaningful, swaying in the night sky of Gusu City, adding eternal amorous feelings to a bridge, a water, a temple and a city there, attracting people. The whole poem begins with a sad word. "Three Episodes of Tang Poetry": "The whole poem begins with' melancholy sleep', and the beauty lies in silence." "Zhaisha Tang Poetry": "The word' sad sleep' is the whole chapter." He teased the word "worry" and wrote that night in vain, tossing and turning. "Interpretation of Ancient Poetry": "This poem is the best, like a connection, like a break, like a connection."
2.
original text
Autumn serenade
Wang Wei
At the beginning of the month, the moon rises, the autumn tea is thin, and the thin silk gown does not change clothes.
The long night is full of affectionate silver, guarding the empty room with fear and jealousy, and can't bear to sleep.
3.
Climb the peak
Author: Du Fu
The wind is fast and high, the ape cries sadly, and the birds are circling in the white sand.
The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably.
Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness.
After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged.
Translation:
The wind is urgent and the sky is high, and the birds are hovering on the river with clear water and white sand, which is very sad.
Endless trees are rustling leaves, and endless Yangtze River is rolling in.
Sad to autumn, I feel that Wan Li has been wandering all the year round and has been sick all his life. Today, he is alone on the high platform.
After a lot of hardships, white hair covers the temples, and poverty hangs a cup of sorrow.
Appreciation of mountaineering
This poem was written by Du Fu in Kuizhou in the second year of Dali (767). Kuizhou is on the bank of the Yangtze River. The whole poem tells the poet's complex feelings of wandering, old illness and loneliness for many years through mountaineering, which is impassioned and touching. Yang Lun praised this poem as "the first of Du Ji's seven-character poems" (Du Shi Jing Quan), and Hu Yinglin's "Poetry" is even more amazing, and it is the highest of seven-character poems in ancient and modern times.
The first four sentences are about climbing mountains. The first couplet is right. Focusing on the specific environment of Kuizhou, the poet used the word "wind rush" to drive the All-China Federation, and from the very beginning, he wrote a quatrain that was told for generations. Kuizhou is famous for its many apes, and the canyon is famous for its windy weather. It is cool in autumn, but it is windy here. When the poet climbs the mountain, the sound of "high apes whistling" comes from the gorge, which means "the empty valley echoes, and the sorrow turns to leisurely" ("Water Classic Notes on the River"). The poet moved his eyes from the heights to the rivers and lakes, and on the background of clear water and white sand, he was dotted with birds dancing with the wind and never looking back. This is really a beautiful painting. Among them, the sky, wind, sand, Zhu, and apes scream. Birds fly, a match made in heaven, a match made in heaven. Not only the upper and lower sentences are correct, but also the sentences are self-correct, such as the above sentence "heaven" versus "wind"; "high" versus "urgent"; The next sentences "sand" versus "Zhu" and "white" versus "green" are full of rhythm. After the artistic refinement of the poet, fourteen words, each of which is accurate and appropriate, are all in name only. In words, "thank you for your axe" has reached a wonderful and difficult state. What is more noteworthy is that the word "Wei" in the first sentence is usually flat, but this poem is flat. Shen Deqian praised "two sentences still rhyme, but the style has changed" ("Tang Poetry").
This couplet embodies the typical characteristics of Kuizhou in autumn. The poet looked up at the endless rustling leaves and looked down at the endless rolling river. While writing about the scenery, he expressed his feelings affectionately. "Endless" and "inexhaustible" make "rustling" and "rolling" more vivid, which not only reminds people of the sound of falling trees and the surging Yangtze River, but also invisibly conveys the feeling that youth is fleeting: ambition is hard to pay. Through the gloomy and sad dialogue, it shows superb brushwork, and it does have the majestic momentum of "repairing the palace" and "pouring hundreds of rivers into the east". It is reasonable for predecessors to call it "the absolute step of the past and the present" and "the transformation in the sentence"
The first two couplets describe autumn scenery, and it was not until the necklace that the word "autumn" was pointed out. "Alone on the stage" shows that the poet looks down from a height and closely connects the eye scene with the heart. Frequent visitor points out the poet's wandering life. "One hundred years" means a limited life, here refers to the twilight. The word "sad autumn" is written very painfully. Autumn is not necessarily sad, but when the poet witnessed the desolate and magnificent autumn scenery, he couldn't help thinking of his own exile, the old, the weak and the sick, so he gave birth to infinite sadness. The poet summed up the feelings of a long-time guest who is most likely to be sad in autumn and love to go on stage alone, which makes people deeply feel his heavy emotional pulse. The "Wan Li" and "Centennial" of this pair of couplets are the same as those of the last pair. "Boundless" and "endless" also have the function of mutual echo: the poet's travel worries and loneliness, like fallen leaves and rivers, are pushed and driven away endlessly, and emotion and scenery blend into one. At this point, the poem has given the general meaning of homesickness, increased the content of loneliness after a long separation, increased people's feelings of sorrow for autumn and illness, increased the sighs of people who have left their homes in Wan Li and are in their twilight years, and made the poem more profound.
There are five or six sentences at the end. The poet suffers from hardship and poverty, worrying about the country and the people, and his hair is getting gray. In addition, because of illness and alcohol deprivation, it is even more difficult for them to let go. The poet's ambivalence is easy to understand, because he was eager to climb high and see far, but now he provokes hatred for no reason, adding to his sorrow. The first six sentences are "flying", and here "soft and cold, infinite sadness is beyond words" ("Poetry").
The first half of the poem describes the scenery, the second half is lyrical, and the writing style is different. The first couplet focuses on describing the specific scenery in front of us, just like the meticulous brushwork of a painter, showing the shape, sound, color and state one by one. The second couplet focuses on rendering the atmosphere of the whole autumn, just like the painter's freehand brushwork. It should only be vivid and vivid, so that readers can supplement it with imagination and express their feelings in triplicate, starting from two aspects: vertical (time) and horizontal (space), and writing from a foreign land to a sick and disabled life. Quadrupling the number of white hair, protecting illness and abstinence from alcohol can be summed up as the hardship of the times is the root of poverty. In this way, Du Fu's feelings when he was worried about the country and hurt the country jumped from the page.
All eight sentences in this poem are correct. At first glance, the beginning and the end seem to be "wrong", and the chest and abdomen seem to be "wrong". After careful consideration, "every sentence in the article is law, and every word in the sentence is law." Not only "the whole article can be taught", but also "choose words and make sentences", "people in ancient and modern times dare not speak and will never speak" It is natural to win the reputation of "masterpiece" (see Hu Yinglin's poem).
The famous poem of this poem is that leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall, and I watch the long river always roll forward.
4.
Du Mu: Autumn Xi
In the autumn night, candlelight reflected the screen, and Fan slapped the fireflies with his hand.
Day and night are as cool as water. Sit and watch the morning glory and Vega.