Zuo Si was born in Linzi, Qi (now Zibo, Shandong). The year of birth and death is unknown. At the same time as Lu Ji and Pan Yue. Have knowledge and culture, and be a secretary of Lang. Sima Tang, the late King of Qi, was appointed as the director of the archives, so he resigned. He was born in poverty, didn't like making friends, and was not proud of his official career. So he was very dissatisfied with the reality that the aristocratic family was in power at that time. This unreasonable phenomenon is reflected in some poems, and at the same time, he shows his resistance to powerful people. Zuo Si was an outstanding writer in Taikang period of Western Jin Dynasty. His poetry and prose have made great achievements, and his "Sandu Fu" makes "Luoyang paper expensive". His poems, which Xie Lingyun thinks are "difficult to compare with ancient times and modern times", and Zhong Rong's Poems are also listed as top grade. Eight Poems about Epics is the representative work of Zuo Si's poems, so Liu Xie said, "They are outstanding in epic poems."
Most of the eight poems in Ode to an Epic express their embrace by praising ancient events. The title of "Ode to History" is actually "Ode to Huai".
One (weak crown and soft heart)
A weak crown makes people weak and become a good scholar. On the quasi-Guo Qin, he wrote "Zi Xu". The border town is bitter, and the feather flies to Kyoto. Although I am not an ordnance division, I have read Mao. Whistling stirs the breeze, without Dongwu. Lead knives are expensive, and dreams are better. He became Jiang Xiang on the left, and he hoped to settle Hu Qiang on the right. He won't be knighted after his success and will return to Tianlu for a long time.
At the age of twenty, I was dancing and writing articles. Outstanding talent and extensive reading. The thesis takes Guo Qin's theory as the paradigm and Zi Xu's Fu as the paradigm. There was a war in the frontier, and the dispatch soon reached Beijing. Although I am not a soldier, I have also read the Art of War by Sima Yi. The howling is deafening, the wind is whistling, and the ambition is lofty. Where do you put Dongwu in your eyes? A blunt lead knife, I hope to use it for cutting, and even dream of exerting my talents. Destroy Wu Dong in the south of the Yangtze River and pacify Hu Qiang in the northwest. After his success, he stopped raising it, so he bid farewell to officialdom and retired to the countryside.
The second (pine tree at the bottom of the dark canyon)
The bottom of the gloomy ravine is loose, leaving seedlings on the mountain. With an inch in diameter and a rhizome, you can cover the hundred feet. Niè is a handsome man with high power. Because of the terrain, the origin is not once. Jin Zhangji (jiè) used to work, and Qi Yeer (R) was a mink. Feng Gong is not Wei, and the bald head is still!
A tall and lush pine tree at the bottom of the deep stream and a small green sapling at the top of the mountain. This sapling, which is only one inch thick, actually covers a hundred feet long tree at the bottom of the canyon. Children from aristocratic families occupy the position of high officials, while children from humble origins sink into low official positions. This is because their birth status has a long history, and it will not happen overnight. The aristocratic families of Jin and Tang dynasties, relying on the inheritance of their ancestors, became aristocratic officials in the seven generations of Han Dynasty. Isn't Feng Tang very talented? But it is very old and has not been reused. (Feng Gong, referring to Feng Tang, was born in Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, and still held the post of Langguan during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. )
The third (Wu Xiduan Mugan)
By praising Duan Ganmu and Lu Zhonglian, this paper entrusts the author's own ideals.
I hope Duan Ganmu can end Wei Jun .. I admire Lu Zhonglian, but I laugh at Qin Jun. The world is unruly, and troubles can solve disputes. You will be rewarded for your achievements and shame, and your integrity will stand out. Pro-group refused to win (xiè), would you like to share Guining? Even the seal shines on the vestibule, but it is still a cloud.
I admire Duan Ganmu very much. He made Qin stop its aggression against Wei. I admire Lu Zhonglian, who made Qin Jun flinch in laughter. What is precious is that you are not bound by the wealth in the world, and you can help others out when they are in trouble. Great achievements are not rewarded, and noble integrity is different. Seal them and refuse to accept them. Why do you still accept Zhang Gui? A series of official seals are dazzling, but they have nothing to do with themselves like floating clouds.
Fourth (within the capital city)
This paper compares the luxurious life of princes and nobles with the poor life of Yang Xiong writing books, and affirms the latter.
In the capital of Gigi, there is a great prince. The four techniques of crown and yin, Zhu Lun is actually long. Gather in the Golden Pavilion and stay at Xushi Road at dusk. In the south, bells ring, and in the north, blowing sheng. The silence of the Yangzi family, the door is gone. The space is not big, and it is also in the dark. Words are similar, and words are similar to fu. It has a long history and a good reputation in eight districts.
Hou Yu's residence in the capital is resplendent and magnificent, the car covers of dignitaries are all over the road, and scarlet wheels come and go in the long streets. Sooner or later, not in Jin and Zhang's family, but in Xu and Shi's family (Jin refers to the family; Zhang refers to the Zhang Tang family; Xu, refers to the maiden of Queen Han Xu; History books refer to the grandmother's family in the Han Dynasty). These aristocratic officials' homes are either "ringing the bell" or "blowing sheng". There is no car in front of quiet Yang Xiong's house. Yang Xiong wrote Xuan Jing in a quiet and empty room, expounding the truth of metaphysical nothingness. He imitated Confucius' Analects of Confucius to write the philosophical work Fa Yan, and imitated Sima Xiangru's famous essays such as Changyang and Ganquan. In the long history, Yang Xiong's name is famous everywhere.
Fifth (the sky is high and the clouds are light, and the day is bright)
The author of this article despises the world and wants to live in seclusion.
During the day, the sky is relaxed and the scenery shines in China. In the purple palace of Zhufu, flying like Yunfu. In halls, all princes are nobles. Since you are not a dragon climber, what is swimming? Do (pρ) brown and follow the leader. Trembling clothes, Wan Li flow.
The clear sky and dazzling sunshine shine on the land of China. Rows of towering buildings in the Royal Palace of Luoyang City have cornices like clouds. In the hall, there are many princes. I'm not a man who follows the emperor for promotion. Why did you suddenly visit here? Wearing coarse clothes, I walked out of the door and strode to catch up with Xu You. Because life in the capital is dirty, I shake off my clothes and stand in a high post. I will keep moving to get rid of dust and filth.
The 6th (Yin Yan, Jing Ke)
This article expresses contempt for the rich and nobles by praising Jing Ke.
Jing Ke drinks Yan market, and the wine is full of strength. Sigh, drifting away, indicating that there is no one nearby. Although there is no day when a strong man breaks his wrist, it is very different from this world. Arrogance is not enough in this world! Although you are expensive, you regard it as dust. Although the base is inferior, it is very important.
Jing Ke drinking in Yancheng, spirit is extraordinary. Gao Jianli crashed into the building, and Jing Ke sang and even shed tears with excitement, as if there were no others around. Although not as successful as a strong man, it is obviously different from secular people. Jing Ke speaks highly of it, but the four seas still feel small. Are those powerful families worth mentioning? Although noble people are expensive, they are like dust to me; Although humble people think they are cheap, I think they are as heavy as a thousand.
Seventh (the father is not an official)
Through the description of four dissatisfied people in their early years, this paper laments that the wise are always in trouble, so as to express their frustration.
Father is not an official, but his flesh and blood are still thin. The couple are uneasy about the house because they bought firewood. Chen Ping, who has no property, returned to China. Changqing returned to Chengdu, and the Great Wall stood tall. Aren't the four sages great? Leave a glorious legacy. When it is not satisfied, worry is to fill the gap. Heroes are Tun (zhūn) and Kuai (zhān), with a long history. What is the world without wizards? Leave it in the grass.
When Zhufuyan didn't meet during his study tour, his parents and brothers looked down on him. Because Zhu Maichen used to collect firewood for a living, his wife remarried and left. Chen Ping has no property and lives in a mean streets with his back against the city wall. Sima Xiangru and Zhuo Wenjun returned to Chengdu with nothing but four walls. Aren't these four sages great? Their legacy goes down in history. But when they don't succeed, they worry that they will die of poverty. Heroes sometimes have difficulties, since ancient times. In which era were there no wizards? Some people spend their whole lives buried in the grass.
Eighth (learn from caged birds)
This article writes that Su Qin, Reese and others died in pursuit of glory, and advocated that life should be poor and contented.
Learn from caged birds and touch the corner with purlins. Love poor people, hold a shadow and keep an empty room. There is no way out, and thorns are stuck in the middle. If you don't accept this plan, it will be like a dead fish. There is no wealth outside and no storage inside. Relatives still despise each other, but friends are sparse day and night. Su Qinbei lobbied (Shuri) and Li Sixi wrote a letter. Throwing the ball produced glory, however, it withered again. I'm full after drinking the river and don't want to rest. There is a branch in the Bird's Nest forest, which can be a big stone model.
Although the bird in the cage tried to fly many times, it flapped its wings and bumped into the four sides of the cage. Scholars in mean streets who are alienated from others are all holding their own shadows and staying alone in empty huts. There is no smooth road out, and bitter citrus reticulata and thorns stand in the way. Although there are good strategies, they are not adopted, and the situation is like a fish in a dried-up pond. There is a big salary outside, and there is no bucket of rice at home. Relatives looked down on him, and friends gradually alienated. Su Qin lobbied Yanzhao and other six countries to unite against Qin, and Li Sixi wrote to Qin. In a short time, he was rich and killed. The squirrel went to the river to drink water, but he was full and didn't want to eat any more. Wren live in deep mountains and forests, and they can really become a model of big food just by borrowing a branch.
The first poem can also be regarded as the preface of this group of poems, which is to write a person's ambition of making meritorious service to the country and not being proud of his achievements. This poem is rich in style, vigorous in language, heroic in spirit and high in emotion, which is similar to Cao Zhi's poem style. The second article says that due to the restriction of family background, talented people from humble origins can only be relegated to a lower position, while the children of clans steal high positions by relying on their brothers' careers. Throughout this poem, it is vivid and vivid by means of contrast, such as the contrast between "pine at the bottom of the stream" and "Miao on the mountain", "Zhoushi" and "Shuai", "Zhang Jin" and "Feng Gong". Content from hidden to obvious. If the first four sentences are hidden, the last eight sentences are obvious. Each layer is more specific than the next, which has a good artistic effect. (Hua Ping)
I hope Duan Ganmu (1) will put an end to Wei Jun (2). I admire Lu Zhonglian (3), but I laugh and laugh at Qin Jun (4). The world is expensive and unruly, and disputes can be resolved when things happen. You will be rewarded for your achievements, and your integrity will stand out. Pro-group refused to do 7. Would you rather share it? Even printing the vestibule is better than floating clouds.
Note 1 Xi: fragrant wood. Duan Ganmu: During the Warring States Period, Ren Wei lived in seclusion in the hinterland and refused to be an official. He was a saint at that time, and Wei Wenhou respected him very much. (2) Stop breathing: retire and lie flat. Fan: Defend the monarch of Wei. According to the article "Lu Chunqiu Qi Xian", the State of Qin attacked the State of Wei, and Sima Tang admonished Qin, saying: Duan Gan's mother is virtuous, and the State of Wei treats her with courtesy. Everything in the world is unknown, so you can't add soldiers. Qin thought so, too, but finally he didn't dare to attack. 3 Admire: Admire. Lv Zhonglian: Qi people in the Warring States were curious about grand plans and refused to be officials. (See Biography of Lu Zhonglian in Historical Records) ④ Dan: Withdraw from Qin Jun According to Biography of Lu Zhonglian in Historical Records, Qin made a siege of Zhao, and Zhao stopped fighting, intending to respect Qin as emperor. At that time, Lv Zhonglian was in Zhao State, persuading Zhao Guoren to give up the plan. Qin Jun know, withdrawing troops five miles. Lu Zhonglian retired from Qin Jun and licked it with his tongue, so he said "laugh". 5 unruly: free from netting. Expensive but uninhibited: it is noble not to be trapped. Suffering: encounter adversity. Dispute settlement: eliminate interference. According to Records of the Historian and Biography of Lu Zhonglian, after Lu Zhonglian was defeated by Qin Jun, Ping Yuanjun wanted to give him a high reward. He resigned again and again, saying, "Those who are more expensive than the people in the world can't solve the problem and can't get rid of it. Even if there is a receiver, it is a business, even unbearable. " These two sentences mean that the most expensive people in the world are those who don't obey the rules and can solve problems for others. 6 Zhuo: high. Noble moral integrity: noble moral integrity. The Biography of Historical Records of Lv Zhonglian said that he was "good at keeping festivals". ⑦ group: ribbons. In ancient times, officials used to tie seals around their waists. Butterfly (xiè unloading): department. Reject Butterfly: Refuse to bind and print. ⑧: Ruiyu board, below the upper circle. Ancient governors were awarded different titles and titles. Sub: refers to separate issuance. Prefer to divide: it means not accepting official titles. Pet-name ruby: a string of seals. Yao vestibule: light vestibule. Compared with floating clouds, it is as light as floating clouds to treat high-ranking officials.
Make an appreciative comment
This poem praises Duan Ganmu and Lv Zhonglian's contribution to the country, not the noble sentiment of Jue Lu. The poet expressed his admiration and yearning for them. "Eight Poems on History" (I) says: "If you succeed, you will be rewarded for a long time." He Chao thinks that this poem "is not knighted if it succeeds before applying" (volume 46 of Yimen Reading Secretary). In other words, this poem expresses the poet's idea that he will retire without being rewarded.
The first four sentences of this poem point out two historical figures admired by the poet and their deeds. These two historical figures are Duan Ganmu and Lu Zhonglian. Duan Ganmu was wei ren in the Warring States Period. He lived in seclusion, but Wei Wendi addressed him as a teacher. At that time, the state of Qin was going to attack the state of Wei, and Sima Tang remonstrated with the king of Qin and said, "Duan Ganmu is a wise man, and Wei Lizhi is known all over the world, so you can't add troops!" The king of Qin stopped fighting for this. See Lu Chunqiu and Qi Xian. Lu Zhonglian was a native of Qi during the Warring States Period. On one occasion, Chi surrounded the city of Handan in Zhao, when Lv Zhonglian happened to be in Zhao. Lv Zhonglian persuaded Xin, who was sent by Wei to Zhao, and persuaded Zhao Zun and Qin to be the emperor. When Qin heard of it, he retreated five miles. See "Warring States Policy Zhao Ce San". Poets are as eager to serve the country as Duan Ganmu and Lu Zhonglian. "My hope" and "My admiration" express the poet's admiration and his own wishes. The stories of Duan Ganmu and Lu Zhonglian are summarized in "Being a vassal of Wei Jun" and "Laughing and Qin Jun". Concise and concise, but also closely linked to the poem "Ode to History". "Stop Breathing", writing a paragraph of dry wood and lying high, "laughing often", and writing Lu Zhonglian's calm eloquence are all very vivid.
Double bearing, "contemporary expensive unruly" four sentences, single write Lu Zhonglian. Zhao Ce San, the Warring States Policy, records that after Lv Zhonglian retired from Qin Jun, Zhao Guoxiang and Ping Yuanjun wanted to have a daughter. Lu Zhonglian said: "If it is more expensive than the rest of the world, there is nothing for people to take." In other words, the beauty of being a "cosmopolitan" is that they solve problems for others without any return. So he said goodbye, left Zhao and never appeared again. It can be seen that the first two sentences of these four sentences are all translated from Lu Zhonglian. The last two sentences gave a lofty evaluation to Lu Zhonglian. "Noble and outstanding" is the crowning touch of this poem, connecting the preceding with the following.
The four sentences of "refusing to win by being close to the group" more specifically wrote Lu Zhonglian's "reward for being ashamed of his achievements", which showed his noble moral integrity. "Tuan" is a ribbon used by ancient officials to tie seals around their waists. "Jue" is a kind of jade under the upper circle. In ancient times, different titles were awarded to different princes. "Seal", official seal. No matter "Tuan", "Jue" or "seal", they all represent official titles. For these, Lu Zhonglian not only refused to accept them, but also regarded them as floating clouds. What is written here is Lu Zhonglian's noble ideological quality, which is also the poet's thoughts and wishes. It should be pointed out that a person's thoughts are extremely complicated. Zuo Fen, Zuo Si's sister, was a lady of the Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty. According to Zuo Si Biezhuan, she is "quite proud", and the Biography of Jin Shu Krabi records that Zuo Si is one of Krabi's "twenty-four friends". Because of the empress dowager, Jia Mi has the power to dominate others, is overbearing and indulges in extravagance. "Twenty-four friends" are all "noble friends and floating ginseng", and these people "or write articles calling them beautiful and friendly." This shows that Zuo Si is not indifferent to wealth and fame. Only when his official career goes downhill will he say this.
Li Bai also has a poem praising Lv Zhonglian, saying, "Qi has a wonderful life and Lu Lian is wonderful. The bright moon will shine once when it comes out of the bottom of the sea. However, Qin Zhenying sounded the golden bell, and later generations looked back. Meaning light daughter ceremony, Gu Xiang plain smile. I am also a slut, and my clothes can be adjusted in one tone. " The idea of retiring after one's success is obviously influenced by Zuo Si's Ode to an Epic. (Mu Liukehong)
The poem "Ode to History" originated from Ban Gu, but Ban Gu's "Ode to History" simply eulogized historical events, while Zuo Si's "Ode to History" fully expressed his arms by using historical materials, which was called "Ode to History" and actually expressed his true feelings about life through ancient personnel. In a word, Zuo Si's Ode to History turned the qualitative change of Ban Gu's Poem on History into his own life experience, with strong and profound feelings, which made the poem on History make a qualitative leap.
Poetic style name. Poetry about historical events. It was originally a poem written by Ban Gu in the Eastern Han Dynasty to save his father (or "Ode to an Epic"). Later RoyceWong, Zuo Si, Bao Zhao, etc. They all wrote a poem entitled "Ode to History". Hu Ceng's Poem Collection "Ode to Histories" in Tang Dynasty.
A separate interpretation of a word:
Ode to history: the names of poems. Left and left thinking in the Western Jin Dynasty. * * * Eight songs. The poem exposes the irrationality of the family system in the Western Jin Dynasty, only emphasizes family status and stifles talents, and also expresses his noble feelings of "strengthening his clothes and standing in Wan Li". Poetry language is simple and emotional, although there are frustrations and frustrations, but there is no decadent mood. This style is called "Zuo Si Feng" by later generations.
Zuo Si, a writer in the Western Jin Dynasty, was too outspoken. Linzi (now Zibo) was born in an unknown year. Zuo Si's family background is Confucianism. When he was young, he studied calligraphy and drumming, but both failed. Later, because of his father's encouragement, he became angry and diligent. Zuo Si is ugly and awkward, and it is difficult to make friends, but his writing is magnificent. He once wrote Du Fu in one year (the full text has been lost, and several lost articles are found in Zhu and Taiping Yulan). In the eighth year of Taishi (272), his sister Juicy Zuo was elected to the palace, and his family moved to Luoyang as a doctor. During the Yuan Kang period, Zuo Si took part in the "Twenty-four Friends" tour of the literati group at that time and gave a lecture on Hanshu for Krabi. In the last years of Yuankang, Krabi was punished, so he retired from Yichun and concentrated on his studies. Later, the King of Qi called him the chief of the archives, but he refused to give up his illness. In the second year of Tai 'an (303), King Hejian led Zhang Fang to storm Luoyang, Zuo Si moved to Jizhou, and died several years later.
The Old Biography of Zuo Si's Works consists of five volumes, but the survivors have only given two of them, with 14 poems. Sandu Fu and Ode to History are his representative works. After the publication of Sandu Fu, for a time, very rich people competed to spread and write, resulting in "Luoyang paper is expensive". Zuo Si also has a lyric poem "Baifafu", which is simple in language, humorous in writing and implicit in feelings, which is completely different from Sandufu. It adopts the allegory of the dialogue between hair and people, and sharply criticizes the social reality of "pursuing fame and profit, being expensive is cheap".
The representative works of Zuo Si's poems include eight poems about history, which can be found in Selected Works. Complicated historical facts, integrating ancient and modern times, even quoted a metaphor, "Everyone has a temperament" (Shen Deqian's Ancient Poetry Source). The basic feature of Ode to an Epic is to express profound realistic content in ingenious artistic form.
Zuo Si's composition often uses antithetical sentences, but it has no dull shortcomings. He pays attention to practicing words and sentences, without losing nature; His ancestors described the Han and Wei Dynasties instead of rigid archaization, and he wrote with great grace. For example, "Clothes are full of excitement, Wan Li flows" and "Long whistling stirs the breeze, and there is no Soochow" are all vivid poems. The poem "Ode to History" is simple in language, full of emotion and vigorous in momentum. Although it expresses the inner depression and distress, it does not reveal the emotional appeal of depression and decadence. Poems in full swing echo the sadness of endless ambition and are close to the generosity of Jian 'an literature. This style of Zuo Si's Ode to an Epic was called "Zuo Si Li Feng" by Zhong Rong. Zuo Si Li Feng had an influence on Tao Yuanming. Zuo Si's artistic image of "pine at the bottom of a ravine" was also borrowed by Fan Li in the Southern Dynasty and Wang Bo in the early Tang Dynasty to express his intellectual anguish.
Zuo Si also wrote two poems "Introduction", which were beautifully written. Among them, "there is no need for silk and bamboo, and the mountains and rivers have clear sounds", which is very appreciated by future generations. A poem of a charming girl has simple language and sincere feelings, and the love for her little daughter is vividly on the paper. Tao Yuanming's Responsibility, Du Fu's Northern Expedition and Li Shangyin's Proud Poems were all influenced by it. In addition, he also has a Miscellaneous Poem and two Mourning for Sister. The former is similar in style to epic poems, while the latter is a four-character poem, elegant and dignified.
Western Jin writers. The words are too strong. Linzi (now Zibo) was born. The year of birth and death is unknown. His family background is Confucianism. I studied calligraphy and drum set when I was young, but I failed. Later, with my father's encouragement, I became angry and diligent. Zuo Si is ugly and awkward, and it is difficult to make friends, but his writing is magnificent. He once wrote Du Fu in one year (the full text has been lost, and several lost articles are found in Zhu and Taiping Yulan). In the eighth year of Taishi (272), because his sister was elected to the palace, his family moved to Luoyang and served as a doctor. During the Yuan Kang period, Zuo Si took part in the "Twenty-four Friends" tour of the literati group at that time and gave a lecture on Hanshu for Krabi. In the last years of Yuankang, Krabi was punished, so he retired from Yichun and concentrated on his studies. Later, the King of Qi called him the chief of the archives, but he refused to give up his illness. In the second year of Taian (303), Zuo Si moved to Jizhou and died several years later. The Old Biography of Zuo Si's Works consists of five volumes, but the survivors have only given two of them, with 14 poems. Sandu Fu and Ode to History are his representative works. Zuo Si's works are included in Complete Poems of Ancient Three Generations, Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties and Poems of Pre-Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties by Kai.