"Li Sao" is a literary work created by Qu Yuan, a poet of the Warring States Period. Now I will introduce the lesson plan of "Li Sao" to you, welcome to refer to it.
Teaching objectives
1. Learn and master the literary knowledge about Qu Yuan and Chu Ci
2. Understand and master the classical Chinese words.
3. Understand the poet’s patriotism and moral integrity shown in the poem.
Teaching Focus
1. Learn and master the literary knowledge about Qu Yuan and Chu Ci, and read and lecture the texts
2. Understand the ideas expressed in the poems The poet's patriotism and moral integrity.
Teaching difficulties include understanding and mastering the classical Chinese words.
First lesson
1. Introduction:
We have just studied three poems from the Book of Songs, from which we felt some characteristics of ancient Chinese poetry, for example, It truly reflects the current life situation at that time; in form, it is four sentences, catchy, and extensively uses the artistic techniques of Fu, comparison, Xing, etc. Now, we are going to study the representative poem "Li Sao" by Qu Yuan, the great patriotic poet of our country. Compared with the "Book of Songs", both in content and form, there have been some changes, some of which are quite significant. In addition, Qu Yuan has two popular sayings: "The road is long and long, and I will search up and down." They also come from "Li Sao". Let us discover and summarize these changes and experience the poet's spirit of "searching from top to bottom" in the process of reading this poem!
2. Learn common knowledge about literature
(1) Guide students to read the tips, notes, information and other texts before, after and after class.
Design three questions to help students read quickly
1. What kind of person is the poet Qu Yuan?
2. What is the basic content of "Li Sao"? What is its relationship with the poet’s experience?
3. What are Chu Ci?
The teacher made it clear:
1. Qu Yuan is a patriotic poet. As the Zuotu and Sanlu officials of the Chu State at that time, they were responsible for internal affairs and foreign affairs. The so-called idea of ??"uniting Qi to resist Qin" is precisely to safeguard national interests. His political ideal is to make the motherland independent and prosperous, and to unify China, which has been divided for a long time, and achieve the so-called rule of the Tang and Yu Dynasties. Its specific proposition is to promote talents and teach talents and to revise laws and regulations. The above thoughts are the specific meaning of “beautiful politics”.
2. Describe the poet’s life experience, political thoughts and concern for the country and the people. This poem was written when the poet was exiled for the first time due to slander. The poet was forced to stay away from his homeland. Therefore, it is reasonable that his concern for the country and the people can be felt everywhere.
3. Chu Ci is a literary style with local flavor. It is a poetry form created by poets such as Qu Yuan and Song Yu. In particular, we should pay attention to the large number of function words "xi" used in the poem, which can be regarded as an important symbol. These poems use the poetic forms and dialect rhymes of the Chu region to describe the customs and customs of the Chu region, and have a strong local flavor.
(2) Teacher’s additional introduction:
1. Qu Yuan was dismissed from office twice in his life and subsequently exiled twice. The first time was during the period of King Huai of Chu and he was exiled to the north of Han Dynasty; the second time was during the period of King Qingxiang and he was exiled to the south of the Yangtze River. The poem "Fording the River" from the "Nine Chapters" chapter selected in the original high school textbook was written during this exile. It was during this exile that the poet threw himself into the Miluo River and died.
2. Compared with the realistic creative style embodied in "The Book of Songs", "Li Sao" is a work with a positive romantic style and is regarded as the direct source of romanticism in Chinese literature. The meaning of romanticism is that "it reflects reality, is good at expressing the passionate pursuit of the ideal world, and often uses passionate language, magnificent imagination and exaggerated techniques to create images" (from "Cihai·Literature Volume") . We should appreciate the characteristics of this creative style while appreciating "Li Sao".
3. Teacher’s model reading (or play recordings or play multimedia)
1. Students should pay attention to the phonetic notation of new words.
2. Understand the skills of reading aloud, such as reading the beat of the clause, the pronunciation of the last word "xi" in the upper clause should be slightly longer, and the rhyming words should be emphasized, etc.
4. Students read the whole poem to themselves, focusing on mastering the pronunciation of the words and understanding their meaning.
5. What are the stylistic characteristics of this poem?
Clearly:
A. In form, it breaks the four-character style of the Book of Songs. The structure of the sentence structure is of varying lengths and the form is relatively free.
B. The whole poem is divided into four sentences as one section, and each section is composed of two connected and broken sentences connected by the word "xi", plus a fixed even sentence rhyme, making it The whole poem continues in a looping melody, with a strong sense of rhythm.
The word "xi" has a particularly strong aria expression and the ability to form the rhythm of poetry. At the same time, as a cultural existence, the word "xi" reflects the free and romantic spirit of the Jingchu nation and Qu Yuan's sadness and anger. "xi" plays a special role in the sentence that cannot be replaced by other function words, thus forming a unique meaning. Wen Yiduo believes that "the word "exclamation" is indeed the core and driving force of the song. If the word "xi" is omitted, it will be a big loss, because "what is lost is the meaning of the song." For example, "Song of the Gale": The wind is blowing and the clouds are flying, so the word "xi" cannot be omitted.
6. Clear the text.
1. Students study the text by themselves, help each other in groups to solve difficult problems, and teachers focus on explanations.
The second lesson
1. The hierarchical structure of this article
The first level, from the beginning to the end of "Yue Lingjun". Describe your family background, date of birth and origin of your name.
On the second floor, go to "Let me take the lead". A self-description of Jiade's life-long pursuit of beautiful things and improvement of self-cultivation.
The third level, to the end. Reviewing the lessons of success and failure in history, and relating to the dark reality of Chu State, he repeatedly stated his loyalty and tragic experiences.
2. How to understand "vanilla beauty"? (See after-class exercise 2)
Reference: Qu Yuan's most classic metaphor is to use vanilla beauty to describe himself. Looking at the notes in our book, he uses beauty as a metaphor for himself and vanilla as a metaphor for his own talent. This vanilla is cosmetics or jewelry. For example, if someone compares herself to a beautiful woman today, how would you feel?
Moreover, although Qu Yuan is the ancestor of celebrities, there is one thing about Qu Yuan that is very different from later celebrities. . Later celebrities were often untidy and slovenly. For example, Du Fu didn't comb his hair for three months. It wouldn't matter if he had a flat head like me, but you have to know that he not only didn't comb his hair, but also didn't cut it. Qu Yuan was different. He paid great attention to appearance and grooming. He describes his exile in the tone of a lovelorn woman. That is because his feelings for King Huai of Chu have gone beyond the feelings between a monarch and his ministers. He particularly hates Zheng Xiu, which is also for a love rival. hatred.
3. Tell us about your evaluation of Qu Yuan.
Reference: Creates the image of a poet who "worries about the world first, and rejoices after the world's happiness". To sum up Qu Yuan's character, I think it can be said that there are two aspects, one is concern for the country and the other is narcissism.
IV. Assign homework
1. Review the content of this lesson.
2. Recite.