spring rain
Country night
Tang dynasty
Tang Dynasty: Bai Juyi
Shuāng cāo cāng cāng chóng qièè，cán nán cán bíI xing rén jué.
In a piece of autumn grass that was grayed by frost, insects were whispering, and everyone around the mountain village disappeared.
You're right, you're right.
I went to the front door alone and looked out at the field. I saw the bright moonlight shining on the endless buckwheat field, and the buckwheat flowers were like a dazzling snowflake.
translate
Insects are whispering in the frosty autumn grass, and pedestrians around the mountain village are extinct.
I came to the front door alone and looked at the fields in the distance. Buckwheat under the bright moon is as white as snow.
Appreciation/appreciation
"Frost grass and green worms are cut down, and people in the south of the village are absolutely unique." Frost grass green, pointing out the thick autumn color; Cutting insects, rendering the sadness of autumn night. Pedestrians are extinct and everything is silent. The two poems clearly outline the characteristics of village night: the night is deep, the autumn color is strong, and the grass color is boundless under the influence of autumn frost. The air was silent and the pedestrians were gone. Only unknown autumn insects are singing in a low voice.
The sentence "Look at Noda before going out" is not only a transition in the poem, but also changes the object of description from the village to the field. It is also a turning point of the two couplets, which closes the description of the bleak atmosphere of the village night and opens up another refreshing picture for readers. The bright moonlight shines on the endless buckwheat field, which looks bright and dazzling from a distance, like a crystal white snow.
"The bright moon is in the sky, and buckwheat flowers are like snow", which is a very moving scenery. The picturesque beauty of nature infected the poet, which made him forget his loneliness for a while and could not help but exclaim. This magnificent scene is in sharp contrast with the description in the first two sentences. The poet skillfully uses the transformation of natural scenery to write the changes of characters' feelings, which is flexible and free without trace. And simple and natural, it is kind and touching to read and memorable.
Through the different descriptions of the scenery before and after, the poet's emotional changes from loneliness to excitement and complacency are expressed. The poet described the night scene of the countryside in a simple way, and the fresh and quiet scenery contained profound poetry. The poem describes the rural night, bleak and desolate, but also spectacular, which constitutes the rural night scene in contrast.
Extended reading: Bai Juyi's anecdotes and allusions
1, homemade wine
Bai Juyi's home-brewed wine is of outstanding quality. He wrote a poem for his wine: "in the mouth of the altar, jade liquid is golden grease;" It is pleasant to play and enjoyable to taste; Hospitality, then frown; After four or five minutes of deliberation, I entered the limbs. " ("Bai Juyi Volume"). The history of Bai Juyi's wine-making is not only recorded, but even today, the story of "Bai Juyi's wine-making New Year's Eve to enjoy his neighbors" has been circulated in Weibei for generations.
2, flat mouth and thin waist
Plain mouth and thin waist, storing prostitutes for fun, began in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, more common in the Tang Dynasty. In order to get rid of the troubles of life, Bai Juyi indulged himself with prostitutes' music and poems. There are more than a dozen prostitutes whose names are known from his poems, among which Xiaoman and Su Fan are the most famous. Tang Mengbang's "Poetry of Feeling Things" records: "Bai Shangshu is good at singing and prostitutes are good at dancing. It tastes like a poem: cherry Su Fan mouth, willow waist ".
When Bai Juyi was in his sixties, he was paralyzed by the wind, so he sold the good horse and asked Su Fan to leave him to get married. However, his horse brayed and could not bear to leave. Su Fan also said with tears, "Master, you have been here for five years, and you are not surprised at all. I have been a vegetarian for ten years, and there is nothing wrong with it. Although this plain face is ugly, it has not been ruined. Luo Li is still strong, with nothing. That is, Luo Zhili can still lead; Song vegetarian dishes can also be given to the host. Once you go back, there is no turning back. Therefore, Su will go, and the words will be bitter; Luo will go, and his song will be sad. This man's feelings are also the feelings of horses. Is it true that the Lord is heartless? "
But when Bai Juyi was 70 years old, Su Fan and Xiaoman left. Bai Juyi wrote in "Random Thoughts": "In two willow buildings, Yan Na has been with drunkards for many years. Should there be a spring breeze in the world after she is released tomorrow? " Five years in March, today is the end, the guests are all gone, and there is no one. Illness lived with Lotte, and Su Fan came back for some time in the spring. "
3. Stories of book collection
In the 16th year of Zhenyuan (800), he was a scholar, a secretary, a provincial school bookkeeper, and a captain of Jixian, and participated in organizing the National Library. After that, I graduated from Hanlin University. In the tenth year of Yuanhe (8 15), he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima. Literati acceded to the throne, moved to the ministry of punishments ministers. Wu Zongshi is the minister of punishments. In his later years, he lived in seclusion in Xiangshan, Luoyang and became a layman in Xiangshan. He made outstanding contributions to the development of realistic poetry. When sorting out the books of Jixian Academy, he had access to a large number of books, which had a great influence on his literary creation. Private libraries are quite rich, and there is a library building called "Chibei Library". He once wrote "On Pool", saying that "when assistant minister of punishments was dismissed, Li Qiandou was full of books". He is the author of Bai Changqing Collection and so on. On the basis of his own collection of books, he compiled Good Words and Sentences and Six Records of the History of Bai Family (also known as Six Records of Bai Family), which is divided into 1367 chapters. In the Song Dynasty, Huang Jian wrote Yang Wengong Yuan Tan, which recorded: "People say that Bai Juyi wrote Liu Tie, with thousands of pottery bottles, each with its own title, which is a seven-story shelf and placed in the lent. I ordered all the students to collect their stories and put them in bottles. Take it backwards and copy it into a book. " It can be seen that Bai began to collect data by classification when he first collected data. In addition, there are Bai Yuan Yin Ji's works, Bai Liu's chorus works and Charlotte's banquet works (also known as Luo Zhong's works).
Extended reading: Bai Juyi's literary achievements
Bai Juyi was a great poet with great influence in the middle Tang Dynasty. His poetic thoughts and creations, which emphasize popularity and realism, occupy an important position in the history of China's poetry. In Jiu Shu Tong Yuan, he clearly said: "Servants aim to help the two, and they are independent. Always serve the Tao, and invent poetry. Calling it a satirical poem is also aimed at helping others; It's not bad to call it leisure poetry. " It can be seen that among Bai Juyi's four poems, satirical, leisurely, sentimental and miscellaneous, the first two reflect his practice of "serving others and always being good", so they are valued by us. At the same time, he put forward his own literary proposition: "Articles should be written in time, and songs and poems should be written well." His poetic thoughts are mainly based on early satirical poems.
As early as the early Yuan Dynasty, Bai Juyi showed a tendency to emphasize realism, popularity and allegory: "If there is no textual research on today's praise and demotion, there is a lack of punishment and persuasion;" If the poem "The Beauty Sting" does not test politics, then the significance of the make-up test will be abolished. ..... The satirist who admonishes Ci Fu, though wild, will be rewarded. "The role of poetry is to punish evil and persuade good, and make up for current politics. The means of poetry is praise and criticism, and it is admonition and irony. Therefore, he advocated: "establish an official who collects poems, open a satirical way, examine their gains and losses, and understand their feelings." (Poetry Sixty-nine) He opposes the simple pursuit of "high palace rhythm" and "strange writing" without content, and even more opposes the gorgeous poetic style of "mocking the wind and making flowers" since Qi and Liang Dynasties. In the preface to new Yuefu, he clearly pointed out that the standard of writing poetry is: "the quality and path of his words are easy to distinguish for those who want to see;" "His words are straightforward and he admonishes those who want to listen; Its business is nuclear and true, so people who use it can send messages; Its body is very smooth and can be played in music songs. " Here, "quality and diameter", "straightness and tangent", "core and reality" and "smoothness and smoothness" respectively emphasize that the language should be simple and popular, the discussion should be straightforward and exposed, the writing should be absolutely false and pure, the form should be smooth and fluent, and it has the color of ballads. In other words, poetry must be authentic, easy to understand and easy to sing in order to be considered the ultimate.
Bai Juyi's above requirements for poetry have only one purpose, that is, to make up for current politics. So he went on to say: "In short, for the monarch, for the minister, for the people, for things, for things, not for writing." (Preface to New Yuefu) In Nine Books of the Same Origin, he reviewed his early creation and said, "Since I came to Korea, I have grown older and read more. Every time he talks to others, he asks more current events; Every time you read history, you should seek truth and Tao, and you will know that articles are written in time and songs and poems are written in things. " The first thing to do for time is to show it to the king. He also said: "I don't know when to avoid it" (the second of two painful poems about Tang Qu), and created a large number of satirical poems reflecting the sufferings of people's livelihood, but the general direction is "only songs make people sick, hope the emperor can know" (sent to Tang Sheng). Because only when the people's feelings are heard in heaven, the emperor opens the door and reaches the people's feelings, will politics tend to be calm.
Pipa Xing and Song of Eternal Sorrow are Bai Juyi's most successful works, and the outstanding feature of their artistic expression is the strengthening of lyric factors. Compared with the previous narrative poems, although these two works also use narrative and description to express events, they both try to keep the events as simple as possible and use only one center.
Events and two or three main characters to structure the whole article, such as the dramatic Ma Wei incident, the author will soon take a few strokes, but in the most lyrical psychological description of the characters and the rendering of the environmental atmosphere, he will splash ink like rain to entertain himself. Even Pipa Story, a work with more ink on the imitation of music and the narration of characters' experiences, is a work that closely links sounds, events and emotions, and sounds move with the trend. In addition, the lyricism of these two works is also manifested in creating an appropriate atmosphere and setting off the artistic conception of poetry with selected images. For example, in Song of Eternal Sorrow, "He gazed at the desolate moon from the temporary palace, and he heard the bell in the late rain, cutting it on his chest"; "Maple leaves and mature rushes rustle in autumn" and "When the river mysteriously expands to the full moon" in the pipa; Or combine the bleak moonlight, the patter of rain at night and the heartbreaking bell into a charming scene; Or use rustling maple leaves, flowers and boundless rivers and the moon to form a sad and lonely picture, revealing sadness, sadness and depression.