Professional introduction
Tea science is a traditional discipline with a long history and distinctive features, and it is also a modern discipline involving natural science and humanities. China is the hometown of tea, and Yunnan is the origin center of tea trees in the world. Tea is not only the traditional pillar industry in Yunnan, but also the main economic source of millions of farmers in mountainous areas and the main tax source of local finance. Yunnan mountainous areas, especially some poor mountainous areas, have always regarded tea as a life industry. In order to speed up the development of tea economy in Yunnan and change the situation that tea professionals were trained by agricultural colleges in other provinces in the past, Yunnan Agricultural University set up a tea major in 1972 with the approval of relevant departments, and began to recruit the first students in 1973. 1996 was granted the authorization point of master of tea science, and 1997 began to recruit master of tea science students. Over the past 35 years, the specialty of tea science has made many achievements in teaching, scientific research and personnel training, and made contributions to the development of Yunnan's dominant tea industry. In 2005, according to the demand of social and economic development for talents, the specialty of tea science (tea ceremony) was added on the basis of the specialty of tea science, with both arts and sciences. In 2006, the first batch of 29 students entered the school. And recruit students for the whole country and expand the number of students. At present, the tea major has formed a multi-level school-running pattern. While doing a good job in undergraduate and postgraduate education (including master of agricultural extension and master of in-service teachers), we also actively offer training courses for middle and senior tea artists. Professional knowledge training courses; Recruit correspondence students and foreign students. With the process of Yunnan Provincial Party Committee and provincial government "cultivating tea industry into a regional pillar industry", tea science specialty will show more vigorous vitality and bright development prospects. Main courses of tea science: botany, plant physiology and biochemistry, soil science, genetics, field experiment and statistical analysis, tea cultivation, tea processing, tea breeding, tea biochemistry, tea evaluation and inspection, comprehensive utilization of tea and tea culture.
The earliest tea art course in China was offered in Sun Yat-sen University in the 1930s.
The rise of discipline
With the development and processing of production and the simplification of drinking methods, the "simple but not surprising" life art of drinking with you can easily penetrate into all levels of social life and take root among the broad masses of the people, thus making the drinking art become an important aspect of the whole social and cultural life from the elegance of the courts and literati in the Tang and Song Dynasties. In this sense, it is precisely because of scattered interests that it gradually combines with social life, folk customs and life etiquette, and opens up a brand-new world for China culture; At the same time, it also provides corresponding conditions, which makes the traditional "literati" pursue the realm of drinking to a new height. The society in the early Ming Dynasty was not stable enough, which made many literati unable to display their ambitions. They have to associate their feelings with the scenery, or resonate with chess, piano, calligraphy and painting, and they can only blend in. So many people were knowledgeable in the early Ming Dynasty. This situation led to a huge number of works in the Ming Dynasty, with more than 50 works, many of which were handed down from generation to generation. He recorded the great events from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Song and Jin Dynasties, wrote two volumes of Dong, and Chen Jiru continued to write Immortality. Zhu Quan wrote "Spectrum", which has unique views on clear drinking; Tian Yi is writing Sketch of Boiling Spring on the basis of predecessors; Lu Shusheng and the monk Liang tried Tianchi together and wrote Liaozhai, which reflected the hermit's interest in life. It is extraordinary that Bird wrote about Lu through long-term experience. Xu Cishu wrote Shu for a unique reason; Luo Bing was happy since childhood, so he wrote thanks with his own experience. Wrote "Sword"; Qian Chunnian edited and proofread Pu successively. Among these people and books, "Fall from Power" and his "Pu" made outstanding contributions.
discipline construction
In the history of tea industry in China and the world, there is an outstanding great man who always radiates brilliance, that is, Lu Yu, the author of the world's first tea book "Tea Classic" who is honored as "Cha Sheng" and "Tea God" by later generations. Lu Yu is the founder of tea science. However, he is not only a tea expert, but also has his works and biographies in many cultural classics, such as Complete Tang Poems, Complete Tang Poems, Talented Persons in the Tang Dynasty and so on. Therefore, he is also a scholar, historian and geographer. However, his works and achievements in poetry, history and geography, as some ancient people said, "His books were not handed down, but were covered by tea classics", were almost drowned by his outstanding contributions to tea science and tea industry. Perhaps because of this, in some literary works of China after the Tang Dynasty, although Lu Yu has always been listed as a poet or writer, most of them are "nominal" and pass by. This is reflected in Lu Yu's research, which focuses on tea science and its contribution to tea industry. Undoubtedly, Lu Yu's contribution to tea science and tea industry is mainly and needs to be studied, but it cannot be limited and stayed in this respect. In order to promote the in-depth and development of Lu Yu's research in China, this paper briefly introduces many aspects of Lu Yu's tea studies in the past, focusing on Lu Yu's time environment, ideology and social status, as well as some achievements other than tea studies.
Lu Yu's living environment mainly refers to the social environment in his youth, which has a great influence on his later ideological development. The situation is basically as described in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty and his autobiography: he was an abandoned baby, adopted by monks in Jingling (now Tianmen, Hubei), and fled the temple when he failed to learn Buddhism. First he hid in the troupe to learn drama, and once he performed with some actors in the state government. His talent was discovered by Ritchie, the satrap, and he was helped to abandon his son to study. From then on, I embarked on the road of literati. This has been introduced in many works and articles in the past, and there is no objection. In other words, the social life of Lu Yu's early parasitic temples and wandering singers is clear, so I won't discuss it in detail here. The era in which Lu Yu lived is an issue that has not been discussed in the past.
To deal with this problem, we have to start with the birth and death of Lu Yu. About the birth and death of Lu Yu, the historical records are not very clear, only about "I don't know where I was born" and "I died at the end of Zhenyuan". Therefore, 1000 years ago, our ancestors seemed to know nothing about Lu Yu's date of birth and death. Until 1958, Wan Cai, a famous agricultural historian in China, put forward his views on the birth and death of Lu Yu for the first time in an article. According to Wan's research, he thought that Lu Yu was "almost the same year as Du Fu" (born in the first year of his life, 7 12) and died "in 804 or earlier". After the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution, with the development of national scientific research, there was an upsurge in discussing the birth and death of Lu Yu in China tea industry. For example, as far as I can see, there are different versions of Lu Yu's birth year, such as thirteen years (725), fourteen years, fifteen years, sixteen years, twenty-one years and twenty-two years. Although the above statements are written in a certain way, there are different opinions and few evidences listed, so there is no conclusion yet.
research contents
Of course, we should not deny that the ancient tea classics in China are not tea books. I think so. That was the concentrated expression of tea science in China and even the world at that time, and it was the highest level at that time.
But generally speaking, there are many words about tea in the history of China, but few people study tea from a scientific point of view. Besides the Classic of Tea, there are Shen Kuo's Meng Qian Bi Tan and Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica, which make some scientific descriptions of tea from different angles.
In the history of China, there are many things about tea culture, including poems, songs and dances, teahouses and so on.
Professional settings
Among the tea-producing countries in the world, only China has institutions of higher learning and secondary specialized schools specializing in tea science, which not only train secondary specialized students, junior college students and undergraduate graduates, but also begin to train master students majoring in tea in the 1960s and doctoral students majoring in tea in the mid-1980s.
Main courses of tea science major (direction of tea ceremony): food nutrition, tea processing, tea trade, tea ceremony, tea biochemistry, tea evaluation and inspection, comprehensive utilization of tea, tea culture, national tea science, plant physiology and biochemistry, genetics, soil science, agricultural ecology, tea cultivation and breeding, tea biochemistry, tea machinery, tea processing, tea evaluation and inspection, and economy.
Employment direction
Tea enterprises: tea planting, tea production, tea processing, tea evaluation, tea inspection, tea trade and tea culture promotion.