I am a Chinese teacher in the third year of junior high school. I will tell you the problem-solving skills in Chinese that I taught the students during the review for the high school entrance examination. Remember to adopt them. The Chinese language problem-solving skills for the high school entrance examination
1. When entering the examination room, the first thing to do is to calm down. The specific method is: First, take a deep breath, and then tell yourself: "Haste makes waste," and "Don't be anxious, just hand in the paper on time."
2. You will have 5 minutes to browse the test papers before the test bell rings. Do not use pen to answer questions at this time, otherwise it will violate examination rules. You can take a deep breath while reading the test paper, but remember not to read it as essay questions, so as not to affect your mood in answering the questions.
3. Answering questions is allowed after the test bell rings. When answering questions, you should pay attention to avoid the following mentality: 1. Anxious mentality. In order to grab time, you do not review the question conditions clearly and answer the questions in a hurry. The solution is to say silently in your mind: "If you do the questions in a hurry, you will do it in vain." 2. Stubborn mentality, unwilling to give up on test questions that cannot be solved for a long time, which is a waste of time. The solution is to say silently in your mind: "I can't solve it, and others can't solve it. Put it aside for now. You may get inspiration after doing other questions." ".
4. Time Arrangement Strategy
Allocating time must be subject to the purpose of exam success. The basic principle is to ensure that you do not lose points where you can score, and try to score as much as possible in places where it is difficult to score. Score more points. In terms of specific operations, candidates are required to "eat according to the amount of food". According to the practical principle of "score-time ratio", questions with a large score will take more time, and questions with a small score will spend less time; they will be able to do it at a glance. Spend time on the questions first, and put them in the second echelon for questions that require some thought before solving them; put the most difficult questions or those that have never been seen before, at the end.
The time arrangement can be roughly as follows: Paper I is about 50 minutes, no more than one hour; questions 15-24 are about 35 minutes, and the composition should not be less than one hour in principle.
5. Answering strategies
Volume I (multiple choice questions ***42 points)
(1) Basic knowledge (questions 1-6, 18 points) )
1. Character pronunciation analysis questions:
Answering skills: (1) The "secondary pronunciation" of common multi-phonetic characters is more likely to be correct, and the "frequent pronunciation" is more likely to be correct. Small. (2) The picophonetic characters marked with "different phonetic pronunciations" are more likely to be correct, while the "same phonetic phonetic pronunciations" are less likely to be correct. The probability of correct pronunciation of common words is low. (3) Rare words are generally not mispronounced.
2. Character analysis questions
Answering skills: Consider the pronunciation, shape and meaning of the characters together. If you are not sure, you can put it aside and talk about it again, but you must use marks to remind yourself.
3. Word usage questions
Answering skills: (1) Morpheme analysis: Analyze different morphemes and combine them into words to make distinctions. (2) Context analysis: Underline key words in the original sentence as a reference for distinction. (3) Make good use of elimination: eliminate the words that are easiest to analyze first, gradually reduce the options, and also mark them. (4) Language sense judgment: If you are really not sure, you should choose based on your language sense.
4. Idiom analysis questions
Answering skills: (1) Judge based on the meaning of the idiom (2) Pay attention to the potential emotional color of the idiom (3) Pay attention to the scope of use of the idiom and the objects it is paired with ( 4) Weigh and compare the four options and choose the one that best meets the requirements. (5) The more literal an idiom is that you want to understand, the more you need to pay attention to traps; particularly unfamiliar idioms are often correct; in addition, pay special attention to the meaning of dual-purpose idioms And usage, such as, daydreaming, feasting.
5. Wrong Sentence Analysis Questions
Types of wrong sentences: improper word order, improper collocation, incomplete or redundant components, chaotic structure, unclear meaning, and illogical.
The idea of ??answering the question is usually: check whether the main stem lacks elements → → consider whether the words match → → consider whether the words are repeated → → whether the position of the associated words is correct → → whether the parallel phrases or sentence order is reasonable → → individual phrases Is there any ambiguity →→ Whether the sentence is logical. Pay special attention to the following situations:
(1) In sentences starting with the prepositions "about", "for", "for", etc., pay attention to the incompleteness of the subject.
(2) If there is a long modifying word after the verb, pay attention to whether the object is incomplete.
(3) For the parallel components connected by "and", "or" and pauses, pay attention to ambiguity, improper internal logical order and subordination of meanings.
(4) The first half of the sentence uses double-sided words such as "can" and "can". Pay attention to whether the second half of the sentence is coordinated with the first half.
(5) In rhetorical questions and interrogative sentences, pay attention to whether they have opposite meanings.
6. Punctuation questions or language coherence questions
Pay special attention to the following error types when answering punctuation questions: (1) Use a comma instead of a period; (2) ) A question mark is used in a non-question sentence; (3) Two question marks are used in a choice question sentence; (4) The question mark is in front of the inverted sentence; (5) The position of the exclamation mark appears in the sentence; (6) Between clauses Misuse of the comma; (7) The use of a comma between numerals indicating divisors; (8) The use of a comma between parallel words that are customarily used as one word; (9) The use of a comma between second and third levels of parallelism A comma (only used in parallel at the first level); (10) A comma is used between quotation marks; (11) A colon is used where there is no hint or summary effect; (12) The scope of the colon is unclear; (13) ) A colon is used after \'so-and-so said\' in the middle of the quotation; (14) It is an indirect quotation but quotation marks are used; (15) The period mark at the end of the sentence in the quotation is improperly placed; (16) The brackets are improperly positioned; (17) Parentheses should be used but not used; (18) colons and dashes are confused with each other; (19) dashes and \' are \' repetitions; (20) ellipses and \', etc.\' are repeated, etc.
The idea of ??the language coherence question is: test whether the statement object is consistent → whether the topic is consistent → whether the sentence structure before and after is consistent → whether the situation is consistent → whether the syllables are harmonious, etc.
(2) Expository text reading (12 points, 3 points for each question) (7-10 questions)
1. Read the full text first, mark the paragraphs, and initially grasp the meaning of the full text.
2. Read four more multiple-choice questions.
3. Read the original text again. When reading, underline the content of the multiple-choice questions in the original text.
4. Solve problems. The normal idea is: positioning-checking-judgment. When solving the problem, you should compare the alternative branch with the original text to make a judgment. Pay attention to the following situations: (1) Underline the object you are asked to answer in the question; (2) Make it clear that this type of question is a word game, so pay special attention to overgeneralizing, making things out of nothing, deliberately exaggerating, reducing, and confusing. Successively, they changed concepts, reversed cause and effect, imposed cause and effect, and made random divisions.
(3) Classical Chinese reading (12 points, 3 points for each question)
1. Read the last question first to understand the content of the article.
2. Read the original text again and understand it based on your feelings. When you see braille words during reading, you should go to the title to understand them.
3. Solve the problem. Question designs generally have the following types:
(1) Classical Chinese content questions
Answering skills: analyze the glyphs and identify the meanings of the words. It is inferred that the characters are Tongjia from the same pronunciation. Use intertextual meaning comparison to explain the preceding and following words. Use idiom comparison to deduce word meaning. Bring the given meaning of the word into the original text, and it will be correct or wrong if it makes sense. The definitions of content words that you have never heard of before are often correct and just disturbing you.
(2) Classical Chinese function word questions
Answering skills: First translate the meaning of the function word in the sentence learned in high school in each group, and then put this meaning into another sentence to infer the function word Is the usage the same?
(3) Personality expression questions:
Answering skills: First look for options that do not express the personality required in the question, and use the elimination method to select. Pay special attention to mistakes such as showing off one's talents and wearing one's hat on others.
(4) Content induction questions
Answering skills: Find the sentences in the paragraph that correspond to the explanation of the options, and correspond them one to one. When judging, it is necessary to make it clear that the errors in the narrative or analysis are only in a certain small point, mainly the reversal of the order, making something out of nothing, whether the deeds of the characters are fair, whether the time is accurate, etc.
After finishing the objective questions, check the time first, then take a deep breath and enter the answering stage of the subjective questions in the second volume. At the same time, keep reminding yourself that you must make a draft and never use an indelible pen to circle and mark Volume II. (You can use a pencil to circle and then erase after completing the questions.)
Volume II (***108 points)
(4) Classical Chinese translation, poetry appreciation, famous sentence literature Common sense fill in the blanks (20 points)
15. Sentence translation questions (8 points):
Answering skills: (1) Reread the context sentence in conjunction with the translated sentence. (2) First implement each word in the sentence into a modern Chinese interpretation. At this time, pay special attention to the use of parts of speech, inversions, falsehoods, and partial meanings of compound words. (3) Circle the key words in the sentence. The explanations of these words are points. (4) Determine the sentence structure characteristics of the sentence, which is also a scoring point. (5) Begin to translate word for word, do substitutions, retentions, deletions, supplements, and adjustments, and combine them into sentences that are smooth and can reflect the characteristics of the sentence structure.
16. Poetry Appreciation Questions (6 points)
(1) Read the title of the poem first, circle the eye, and grasp the key points of the poem.
(2) Read the author again and recall the dynasty and style of the author's works.
(3) Read the annotations again and look for clues to the content of the poem.
(4) Read the whole poem. When reading through, pay special attention to circling at least one or two words in each sentence as sentence starters.
Use your imagination, explain the poem word for word, and understand the main idea of ??the poem. The last two sentences generally use argumentation and lyricism, and are the main theme and artistic conception of the poem. Combine the title, description, discussion, and lyricism of the poem to infer what the poem is about.
(5) Expression of appreciation of ancient poetry:
This poem uses (expression, rhetorical techniques, expression techniques) techniques to write out the (such and such) characteristics of (image) , expresses (highlights) (someone's) thoughts and feelings, and plays (someone's) role.
Method of expression: narrative, description, lyricism, discussion. (Explanation)
Language characteristics: implicit, humorous, interesting, straightforward, plain, elegant, vulgar, natural, fresh, graceful, simple, etc.
Rhetorical techniques: metaphor, comparison, exaggeration, parallelism, parallelism, repetition, etc.
Techniques of expression: symbolism, foil, contrast, imagination, association, anaphora, borrowing scenes to express emotions, embodying emotions in scenes, supporting objects to express aspirations, etc.
Image: specific people, objects, scenes, etc. in the work.
Thoughts and emotions: obsession, sorrow, melancholy, loneliness, sadness, solitude, boredom, tranquility, leisure, joy, admiration, anger, adhering to moral integrity, concern for the country and the people, etc.
Function: Deepening the artistic conception, deepening the main idea, far-reaching artistic conception, beautiful artistic conception, profound meaning, thought-provoking words, near and distant meaning, etc.
17. Famous Sentences and Articles Questions (4 points)
Answering skills: (1) "Exactly every word". (2) The handwriting must be neat and clear, scrawling is strictly prohibited, and no show off calligraphy is allowed. (3) If you choose two sentences to fill in the blanks, choose the two sentences that you are most confident about.
18. Fill in the blanks of literary knowledge (2 points)
Answering skills: (1) "Word by word". (2) The handwriting must be neat and clear.
(5) Modern Literature Reading (18 points) (Questions 18-21)
1. Read the last multiple-choice question first to get a general understanding of the content of the article.
2. Quickly read the full text for the first time, and underline the sentences that make the final point, the argumentative and lyrical sentences, and the transitional and connecting words. (It doesn’t matter if you make a mistake, the main purpose is to have an overall understanding of the article)
3. Read questions 18-20 again, reread the article with the questions in mind, and underline the corresponding words and sentences.
4. Solve the problems according to the underlined words and sentences. When solving problems, you should pay attention to the following points:
(1) When answering questions, do not use figurative rhetorical language such as metaphors and personifications; (2) For comprehensive analysis, do not just answer abstract key points, but must have appropriate And specific analysis; (3) Corresponding to the topic and score, elaborate on multiple points. Generally speaking, the answer to a 4-point question should be at least two points, and the answer to a 6-point question should be at least three points. (4) Generally speaking, some key words and sentences involved in the answer are in the original text. These important words and sentences should be grasped and effectively extracted, edited, and reorganized. The answers organized in this way are generally the same as the standard answers. Closer. It is absolutely not advisable to abandon important words and sentences in the article and answer completely in your own words. Such an answer will be a certain distance from the standard answer, sometimes even far away. (5) Never extract the original text verbatim. Keywords should be used instead of whole sentences. (6) Be good at using key words or sentences in multiple-choice questions to answer subjective questions. (7) The handwriting must be neat and neat until it is full.
(6) Text expression (10 points)
(1) Segment compression question
Problem-solving ideas: First, grasp the three words and three sentences to find Describe the center of the article; (usually with explanations or more repetitions.) Then organize it according to the requirements of the question to make it organized.
(2) Sentence expansion questions
Answering skills: Grasp the subject words, highlight the key points, have scenes, emotions, and vivid images.
(3) Sentence imitation questions
Answering skills: consistent rhetoric, consistent content, and consistent sentence structure.
(4) Sentence change question
Answering skills: To shorten the sentence, first extract the main sentence and use it as the first sentence, and then change the other modifiers into points in order. Sentences; to change length, determine a certain sentence as the main sentence, and then change other short sentences into modifiers in order.
(5) Couplet
Answering skills: The phrase structure is the same, the number of words is the same, the content is consistent, and the last word is smooth and flat.
(6) Public service announcements
Answering skills: The number of words is generally 10-30 words. It must be rhetorical, emotional, creative, and it must be consistent with the meaning of the question.
(7) Mobile phone text message
Answering skills: The number of words is generally 20-50 words. It must be rhetorical, emotional, creative, and it must be consistent with the meaning of the question.
(7) Composition (60 points):
1. Review the question (take at least 5 minutes)
(1) Understand the raw materials and topics, and refine based on the raw materials Points of view, pay attention to the topic must appear in the point of view.
(2) Analyze the relationship between words in the topic. Generally there are modifying relationships, parallel relationships, and unrestricted relationships.
(3) Redefine the point of view based on the relationship between the words in the topic. If it is a modifying relationship, the modifier should be highlighted. If it is a parallel relationship, the dialectical relationship between the two should be highlighted. If it is an unrestricted relationship, the scope should be narrowed.
2. Determine the scope of material selection
Determine the scope of material selection according to your own characteristics. Such as education, family, friendship, environmental protection, current situation, war, corruption, life, humanities, etc.
3. Determine the style of writing
Choose philosophical prose, essays, argumentative essays, narratives, allegorical novels, etc. according to your own strengths. Do not deliberately adopt innovative styles, otherwise you will imitate others. Try to avoid choosing intellectually retarded genres such as science fiction, made-up stories, fairy tales, and fables.
4. Determine the sub-points
List more than three sub-points on the draft paper to reflect the depth of thinking.
5. Write a title
Avoid no title or use a topic as the title. The following methods can be used to formulate the topic: using rhetoric to formulate the topic, quoting common sayings to formulate the topic, using ancient proverbs to formulate the topic, borrowing idioms to formulate the topic, applying popular words to formulate the topic, etc.
6. Write the beginning well.
Do not copy raw materials. Enter the question quickly. To show off your literary talent, let the corrector take the lead.
7. The main body paragraphs are hierarchical
The most taboo in exam-oriented essays is the "pig style" structure consisting of the head, abdomen and tail. The more natural the natural paragraphs are, the more mature and sophisticated you appear. The most important thing is that it can be clearly seen by the marking teacher. Generally, it is required to divide it into 5-8 paragraphs.
8. Write the first sentence of each paragraph well
The first sentence of each paragraph is like a person's eyebrows. Write the first sentence well, "the eyebrows are clear and the eyes are beautiful", and the whole paragraph is full of spirit. .
9. Topic frequency. Topics should appear frequently in the text to avoid being suspected of being repetitive, off-topic, or off-topic.
10. Show literary talent. Use more idioms, more rhetorical techniques such as metaphors, parallelism, parallelism, and personification, more quotes from famous ancient poems, more quotes from famous aphorisms, more quotes from popular popular song lyrics, and more use of short sentences to avoid long sentences. Use emotion when choosing words and sentences.
11. The content must be contemporary.
Avoid using outdated materials. Materials with a sense of the times that have occurred in recent years should be used, such as the Olympic spirit, the Indian Ocean tsunami, the top ten things that moved China, Sino-Japanese relations, the visit of Lien and Song dynasties, the creation of a harmonious society, the 60th anniversary of the victory of World War II, the reduction of student burdens, and Sino-US trade disputes. wait.
Special emphasis is placed on: Do not touch sensitive political events, do not talk about religious topics, do not simply complain, and do not write about sensitive topics such as puppy love.
Narratives are best described in detail. Respect yourself and others, and move others with your affection. Argumentative papers should avoid big words, clichés, and nonsense. They should avoid making empty arguments, being ruthless and "lyrical," moaning without reason, using slogans indiscriminately, issuing random calls, empty expressions of determination, etc.
12. Ending. At the end, you should show your literary talent and have charm. Let the corrector be impressed.
13. Number of words
Be sure to write a sufficient number or slightly more than 50-100 words. Don't be too sentimental and go beyond the composition grid.
13. Writing
Generally speaking, it is not required to write well, but it is required to be neat and legible. Although it is beautiful, it is not good if it is not easy to read. Write in regular script, with each stroke clearly drawn. Do not write in cursive script, as this may hinder recognition.
14. Test paper
This year’s college entrance examination Chinese language test paper will be marked online. All questions will be answered on the card and then scanned into the computer. If the roll surface is unclean, your score will be greatly affected.
15. Typos
One point will be deducted for every three typos in the college entrance examination essay. Repeated typos will not be counted.
6. Checking Strategy
After completing the test questions, you must pay attention to checking the answer sheet to reduce unreasonable points loss. First, check whether you have answered all the questions. As mentioned before, there may be questions that have been temporarily shelved. No question can be left blank, and you will not get a single point if you leave it blank. Questions that cannot be answered should be guessed in the end, and guessing is also the answer. Secondly, you should check whether the answer is consistent with the meaning of the question. In addition, it is necessary to overcome the loss of points caused by some psychological reasons, such as changing answers easily or circling off part of the solution based on a temporary feeling before handing in the paper.
After handing in the paper, go home immediately to rest or properly prepare for the subjects to be tested next. Don’t rush to check answers and discuss questions with your classmates.
Discussion at this time will not only be useless, but you will definitely be upset after discovering your mistake, which will affect your mood.
7. Things to pay special attention to in the examination room
1. Fill in the answer sheet in time. After completing the multiple-choice questions, you should immediately apply the cards. Otherwise, if you fail to solve the last question and forget the time while thinking hard, it will be too late by the end of the exam.
2. Don’t make the mistake of “marking”. It is not allowed to mark the test paper in the college entrance examination, otherwise the test results of the subject will be cancelled. Be careful not to absorb too much water in the pen, otherwise the ink will easily drip onto the test paper and be mistaken for "marks".