The secluded man goes back to sleep alone, and his worries wash away his loneliness. ——Zhang Jiuling of the Tang Dynasty, "Twelve Poems on Encounters" A lonely man returns home and lies alone, washed away by worries.
From "Twelve Poems on Encounters" by Zhang Jiuling of the Tang Dynasty
The orchid leaves are lush in spring, and the osmanthus flowers are bright and clear in autumn.
It is a festive season to be happy with this business.
Who knows that those who live in the forest will feel happy when they hear the wind and sit there.
Plants and trees have their own original intention, so why ask for beautiful people to break them.
The secluded man returns home and lies alone, washed away by his worries.
I would like to express my gratitude to Gao Niao for conveying my long-distance love.
Who feels the most spiritual when I have empty thoughts day and night?
Fei Chenli is separated from himself, how can I comfort my sincerity?
Fish play in the deep pool, and birds perch on high branches.
Sigh, mayfly feathers, why are they dead?
If you are still alive, why don’t you turn it into something? This makes you feel so ridiculed.
The divine principles are fading day by day, and I know with peace of mind.
I sigh loudly at Yang Zhuzi, but cry at Lu Qi in vain.
When Gu Honghai came up, Chi Huang didn't dare to care.
I saw a pair of kingfishers nesting in a three-bead tree.
How can you master the precious wooden top without fear of gold pills?
The American service is used to accuse people of suffering, is it clever and evil?
Now I am traveling around the world, how can I admire the Yi!
Thousands of miles away from Wu and Yue, I will see you tonight in my dream.
The shape and body are not my relatives, and the quilt and pillow are the villages and counties.
I still don’t recognize it when I turn into a butterfly, but the Sichuan fish is in an enviable position.
There are fairy mountains on the sea, and I will feel magical changes when I return.
The western sun sets and disappears in the mountains, and the north wind rides the evening current.
The sparrows feel faint, and the eaves and couplets call out to the couple.
Although the swans are far away, their mourning sounds are not what they expected.
The nobles abandon their flaws and humbleness, while the corporal tastes the sorrows of Yin.
Forgive yourself and forget about inner cultivation because of all the external things.
Sighing that it is so long makes my heart wander.
There are red oranges in the south of the Yangtze River, which are still green in winter.
The weather in Yi is warm, but the heart is always cold.
I can recommend Jiake⒀, but there are many obstacles.
Destiny can only be encountered, and the cycle cannot be found.
Just say that there are peaches and plums in the tree. Is there no shade in this tree?
I will be free from worries forever, and practice in the wind.
Where is the beauty? She is alone and empty.
The blue bird cannot stomp its feet, but the red turtle is floating in the clouds.
The night equinox rises and wanders, and the time passes and the rain remains.
Holding the shadow and chanting in the middle of the night, who would sigh after hearing this.
Beauty is suitable for different ways, and the trees in the garden have a quiet color.
The white clouds are gone, and they fly across the sea without wings.
When the phoenix comes, the bamboo flowers will be edible.
There is a wandering girl in Han Dynasty who wants to be safe.
There is a letter in my sleeve, and I want to send it to a pair of flying wings.
The sorrow is gone, and the Geng Geng is silent in his memory.
Purple orchids show off the sky, and bright dew captures the beauty of the sky.
Xinxiang is getting late, and I lament how extreme the love is.
The white clouds are in Nanshan, and the sunset is long.
I have memories of a foreign land, lingering in the clouds.
Based on this, the eyes will not look up, and the heart will love it.
But if you want to climb a tall bird, you dare not climb a flying dragon.
I feel nothing but sorrow, and my heart is filled with sorrow.
When you return home, you will feel lonely. How can you not follow the wishes of God? Comments on chanting things and embodying meanings ⑴ Feelings of Encounter: Ancient poetry title, used to write poems that feel something from the heart and borrow meanings from things.
⑵ Forest dweller: refers to a hermit.
⑶Beauty: refers to the ideal fellow-traveler.
⑷Chihuang: pool, moat, referring to the imperial court.
⑸Double Kingfisher: That is, the emerald bird, the male is emerald and the female is emerald, with gorgeous and colorful coats.
⑹Three Pearl Tree: A treasure tree in myths and legends. This work contains three trees. See "The Classic of Mountains and Seas·Haiwai Nan Jing": "Three trees are in the north of the country of Yanhuo, growing on the red water. They are trees like cypresses, and their leaves are all pearls."
⑺ "Dewu" sentence: Aren't you afraid of bullets coming? If you don't get it, ask rhetorically, "Can't you, can you?" Golden pill, the bullet of the slingshot.
⑻ "Beautiful clothes" sentence: When wearing gorgeous clothes, you should worry about others criticizing you.
⑼ "Gaoming" sentence: Those with prominent official positions will be hated by ghosts and gods. Gaoming refers to a person with a distinguished official position. "Jie Mo" by Yang Xiong of the Western Han Dynasty: "In a wise house, ghosts can see the room."
⑽ Mingming: the high and distant sky.
⑾ "Yi Zhe" sentence: Yi Zhe, a person who hunts birds. Mu, the desire to hunt birds.
⑿ Yi: auxiliary word. Suihanxin: It means the characteristic of being cold-resistant.
⒀Recommendation: Enter Fengyi.
⒁Tree: Planting intention.
⒂The two sentences of "Han Shang": Use "The Book of Songs·Zhou Nan·Han Guang": "There are wandering girls in the Han Dynasty, so don't ask for help." Wandering girls are girls who play outside. Thoughts: The particle at the end of the sentence has no real meaning.
⒃The sentence "want to send" means that you want to ask the birds to carry the letter. The ancients believed that geese could carry messages.
⒄ Two sentences of "Ming Ming": Ming Ming, the sky.
Geng Geng, uneasy. Empty. Silence, silence. This means that when you look up at the sky, you can't see any birds, so you can only uneasily remember the wandering girl.
⒅ Four sentences of "Purple Orchid": show, blossom. Trail, small road. Empty Pagoda: It is like an empty valley. Haolu, white dew. You color refers to the color of orchids in the valley. How extreme, there is no end. This means that when purple orchids come into autumn, their fragrance will cease, making people sigh endlessly.
⒆ "White Cloud" sentence: White cloud is a metaphor for a villain. Lu Jia's "Xinyu·Shenwei": "The evil ministers shield the wise, just like the floating clouds obstructing the sun and the moon." Nanshan is a metaphor for the king. "Book of Han·Biography of Yang Yun": "The fields are close to the south mountain." Zhang Yan's note: "The mountain is high and in the sun, which is the image of a king."
⒇ Taixi: Sigh. Selected Analysis
In 737 AD (the twenty-fifth year of Emperor Xuanzong's founding of the Tang Dynasty), Zhang Jiuling was demoted from the position of Prime Minister to the Governor of Jing. In his later years, he was ruined by greed and demoted for his loyalty. "Every time I read Han Fei's "Gu Ang", I burst into tears" (Xu Hao's "Zhang Gong Shen Dao Monument"), so he wrote "Twelve Poems on Encounters".
First
This poem was written when the poet was exiled to Jingzhou. It is implicit and profound, and it played a positive role in reversing the flashy poetry style since the Six Dynasties. It has always been valued by critics. Gao pointed out in "Collection of Tang Poems": "Zhang Qujianggong's "Gan Yu" and other works are diluted with elegance and uprightness, and combine with "Feng" and "Sao", which is as good as the prosperous Tang Dynasty."
"Lan Ye Chunwei" "Rui, Osmanthus is bright and clear in autumn." The two sentences express each other's meaning: orchids are in spring, osmanthus is in autumn, their leaves are so luxuriant, and their flowers are so bright. This kind of intertextuality actually includes flowers and leaves, and summarizes the whole plant. Chunlan is described as luxuriant, which means lush and luxuriant. The word "褳褤" also points out that the orchid grass blooms in spring and has infinite vitality and vitality. Osmanthus is used to describe "bright and clear". The osmanthus leaves are dark green and the osmanthus flowers are bright yellow. In contrast, the osmanthus leaves feel bright and clean. The word "bright" concisely and concisely highlights Qiu Gui's elegant characteristics.
Precisely because orchids, guidus, and flowers and leaves are written about, the third sentence is summarized with "Happy for this business", and the fourth sentence is praised with "This is a festival for you." This cleverly responds to the spring and autumn in the first two sentences, indicating that Lan Guidu displays their lush or bright life characteristics in the appropriate seasons. Generally, the annotated version interprets the three or four sentences as: "Spring orchids and autumn osmanthus are flourishing, thus making spring and autumn a beautiful season." It is believed that when writing about orchids, only leaves are written, and when writing about osmanthus, only flowers are written. Such an explanation may not be poetic. This is probably because the word "zi" in the sentence "Zi Er is a festival" is understood as the preposition "cong" and then transformed into "because", and "er" is understood as the pronoun "you" or "you", used to refer to orchid, Gui. Such an explanation is questionable. First of all, although the first two sentences contain the words "spring" and "autumn", their subjects are clearly "orchid leaves" and "osmanthus". How can we regard "spring" and "autumn" as subjects and say "Spring and Autumn are due to orchid and osmanthus" What about "becoming a beautiful season"? Secondly, if interpreted in this way, it will not be consistent with the following two sentences: "Who knows the person who lives in the forest". Thirdly, looking at the whole poem, the poet emphasizes the taste of not seeking others' knowledge. How can he elevate orchid and osmanthus to the point of "making spring and autumn a beautiful season"? According to the poet's creative intention and the context, the word "zi" in "It is a festival for me" has the same meaning as the word "zi" in Du Fu's poem "The willow grows its own branches". As for "er", it should be an adverb rather than a pronoun. It has the same part of speech as "er" in "Zhuoer" and "suer". "Festival" here cannot be interpreted as "beautiful season", but should be understood as "beautiful moral integrity". The poet wrote about the luxuriance and brightness of the orchid-leaf and osmanthus, and then said that the orchid-leaf and osmanthus are so prosperous and prosperous, which forms a beautiful moral character in itself. Using "Zi Er" as the adverbial "for" means that the "festival" comes from nature and self-cultivation, neither seeking outside nor seeking knowledge from others. This naturally leads to the following text: "Who knows that those who live in the forest will enjoy each other when they hear the wind. The plants and trees have their own hearts, so why ask for beauty?"
The first four lines of the poem say that Lan Gui is not as good as others. The sentence "Who knows who lives in the forest" suddenly changed and introduced the beauties living in the mountains and forests. The word "who knows" is quite unexpected for Lan Gui. Because the beauty smelled the fragrance of orchid and cinnamon, she fell in love with her. "Sitting" means deep and special. Expresses deep love. The change from no one to someone in poetry is a sudden change, and the poetry also makes waves because of it. The word "Wen Feng" comes from "Mencius: Jinxin Pian": "The teacher of saints for hundreds of generations is Boyi Liuxiahui. Therefore, those who hear Boyi's wind are stubborn and honest, and cowards are determined. Those who hear Liuxiahui's wind are like A humble man is a humble man, and a humble man is too generous. He has worked hard for hundreds of generations, and everyone who has heard of it will be inspired by it." Zhang Jiuling used this allusion to make the poem more subtle, euphemistic, and affectionate.
"The plants and trees have their own hearts, so why ask for the beauty to fold the flowers?" Another twist, since the people living in the forest are happy to hear the wind, then if Lan Gui is conscious, he should be happy to accept the beauty to fold the flowers and appreciate them. However, poetry takes a different approach and suddenly opens up new ideas. Orchids are luxuriant in spring, and laurels are bright and clear in autumn. This is their nature, and they are not meant to win the admiration of beauties. In fact, the poet uses this metaphor to describe the virtuous gentleman's self-purification and moral cultivation, which is just to fulfill his duty as a person, rather than to win praise and promotion from the outside world in order to achieve wealth and success. Of course, not seeking others' knowledge does not mean rejecting others' appreciation; not seeking others' favor does not mean opposing others' choices. Judging from the tone of "Why do you want to be praised by a beautiful woman?" and judging from the author's life experience of being slandered and demoted, it is precisely for the situation of not being known and being criticized by others.
"It's not because there is no one but it's not fragrant", "I didn't know it was gone, but I still love it and believe it is fragrant", these are the meaning of the whole poem. The whole poem is about Lan Gui, but not about people. However, from the complete image of the poem, it is not difficult for readers to see people and the character of some people who strive for fame and integrity in feudal society.
Second
This is a state of practice where you can feel indifferent, wise, peaceful and far-reaching during meditation. Who can know the unique and most exquisite feeling of having a heart as empty as space? Being modest about the fact that I have not yet reached the Dao, I still feel a little confused from time to time. I want to reach the next level and not think about it. This is called sincerity.
Fourth
This is an allegorical poem, about the 24th year of Emperor Xuanzong's reign in the Tang Dynasty (736). After Li Linfu and Niu Xianke came to power, the poet was demoted as the governor of Jingzhou. Written at the time. In the poem, Gu Hong is used as a metaphor for himself, and two kingfishers are used as a metaphor for his political opponents Li Linfu and Niu Xianke, which illustrates a philosophy and also implies his own life experience. The poet died two years later, and this poem should be an expression of his mood in his later years.
At the beginning of the poem, Gu Hong is compared with the sea. The sea is so big and the wild geese are so small, which already highlights how insignificant human beings are in the universe. What's more, this is a lone goose that is isolated from the rest of the group. The bigger the sea becomes, the smaller the goose becomes. In comparison, its loneliness is even more highlighted. It can be seen that the five words "Lonely from the Honghai Sea" are not written plainly, but the poet's emotions are permeated in them. The second sentence, "Chi Huang dare not care," suddenly changes, setting the stage for what follows. This lonely tiger has experienced the stormy waves of the sea, so why does it not dare to look back when it sees the water of the moat outside the city wall? This symbolizes that the poet was extra vigilant due to experiencing too many storms in the sea of ??people. It also reflects the double kingfishers below, as if they thought they were at peace in the swallow's nest curtain, but did not know that the fire would burn them.
Moreover, even the two kingfishers did not dare to take a direct look at this solitary bird! The word "side view" shows the arrogance and arrogance of Li Linfu and Niu Xianke. They occupy high positions, just like a pair of kingfishers with green feathers, nesting high in the precious three-bead tree mentioned in the myth. But don’t get too complacent! Your shining feathers are so conspicuous, aren't you afraid that hunters will use golden bullets to catch you? In these two sentences, "If you try hard enough to reach the top of a precious tree, you won't be afraid of golden pills." The poet used Gu Hong's mouth to give sincere advice to his political opponents in a gentle tone. Not being angry, nor being happy about others' misfortune, this is the cultivation of orthodox Confucianism, which is also the so-called gentle and honest poetic teaching. Then he naturally points out the theme of the whole poem with the two sentences "beauty conquers others, and cleverness conquers evil", and warns his political opponents: if you show your talent and sharpness, you are afraid that others will prey on you. Object; stealing a high position, fearing that others will not tolerate it and will hate you. The word "Gaoming" here is an allusion to the allusion in "Zuo Zhuan" that "Gaoming's house is full of ghosts looking at his room", but it is used in such a clear way that readers are not aware of the allusion. Even if they don't know the original text, they can still understand it. Appreciation of poetry.
There are four sentences in one sentence to give advice to the two kingfishers. The first two sentences represent their worries, and the last two sentences directly put forward the true meaning of life in his era. But what attitude will Gu Hong take? It will neither return to the surface of the sea nor linger on the pond. It will disappear into the boundless space. Although hunters are eager to hunt it, where will they hunt it? "Now that I am traveling in the dark world, what admiration can there be for Yi?" It was said purely in the tone of a wild goose, full of interest. The whole poem ends in a vast and ethereal mood.
This poem begins with four narrative sentences, which are concise and clean. The word "Jiaojiao" in the fifth sentence "Jiaojiao Zhenmu Dian" inherits the word "Kingfisher" from the top and the word "Meifu" from the bottom. ": The three characters "Zhenmu Dian" are connected with "Three Pearl Trees" on the top and "Gaoming" on the bottom. This shows the meticulousness of the poet's writing. The last six sentences are all Gu Hong's monologues, four of which are about the kingfisher, and the other two are about Hongyan himself. In the sentence "Today I travel to Mingming", the word "Mingming" is used to contrast the word "jiajiao" above. The contrast and echo of the repeated words once again show the poet's fine work. This poem is powerful, simple, and profound. It uses objects to describe people, but there are puns everywhere, and it is impossible to distinguish between objects and people. Moreover, the language contains reasoning and admonishment, which is quite worthy of the poet's sincerity.
Part Seven
When reading Zhang Jiuling’s poem praising oranges, it is easy to think of Qu Yuan’s “Ode to Oranges”. Qu was born in the South, and the orange trees were also born in the South. His poem "Ode to Oranges" begins with the words: "The empress has grown a beautiful tree, and the oranges are everywhere. I have been ordered not to move, but I was born in the South." It means that the object represents his ambition. , clearly visible. Zhang Jiuling was also from the south, and Jiangling, the seat of Jingzhou where he was exiled (i.e., the Ying capital of Chu State), was originally a famous orange-producing area. His poem begins with: "There are red oranges in the south of the Yangtze River, and the green forests are still green in the winter." The meaning of the metaphor of the object is particularly obvious. Qu Yuan's famous lines tell us: "The autumn wind is blowing, and the waves in the Dongting are under the wooden leaves." It can be seen that even in the South, in late autumn, ordinary trees will inevitably shake down, and how can they withstand the ravages of the harsh winter? As for tangerines, they "remain green in the winter". The word "Jew" is full of praise.
Is it because of the unique location that the tangerines remain green even in winter? Or is it out of character? If it was due to the favorable geographical location, it would not be worthy of praise. So the poet asked: Is it because of the "heat of the ground"? First, the rhetorical word "vertical" is used, and then the affirmative word "it has its own cold heart" and "collection" are used, which is full of ups and downs. "Suihanxin" usually refers to pines and cypresses. "The Analects of Confucius." "Zihan": "When the year is cold, you will know that the pines and cypresses will wither.
"Liu Zhen's "Gift to Congdi": "Don't you suffer from the cold? Pines and cypresses have their own nature. "Zhang Jiuling specifically wanted to praise Danju for being as cold-resistant as pines and cypresses, which is profound.
There is a poem in the Han Dynasty's "Ancient Poetry" called "Tangerine and Pomelo Hanging on the Flowers", in which it is said that Tangerine "commits itself to the jade plate" "In the past years, I hope to see food", expressing the author's resentment that he is not useful to the world. Zhang Jiuling's "can recommend guests" means "hope to see food". "The forest is still green after the winter", not to mention the cold weather. Rebellion is already worthy of praise; it bears numerous fruits and only seeks to contribute to others, which shows its noble character. Ordinarily, such good trees and fruits should be recommended to guests, but they are blocked by mountains and rivers. Naihe! When reading the sentence "Naihe heavy obstacles", one can hear sighs.
Danju's fate and experiences lingered in his heart for a long time. The poet couldn't calm down and finally thought of the question of fate: "Destiny." But what I encounter is that the cycle cannot be found. "It seems that the good or bad of fate is due to different encounters, and the truth behind it, like the recurring principles of nature, cannot be investigated. The emotions of these two poems are very complicated, and they seem to be helpless words of self-reliance. It also seems to have an unspeakable hidden meaning, euphemistic and profound. Finally, the poet ends the poem with a rhetorical tone: "I just say that there is no shade in the peach and plum trees." ──People are only busy cultivating those peach trees and plum trees, and they insist on not using orange trees. Isn't the orange tree useless because it cannot provide shade? I have already written before that it has the beautiful shade of "still a green forest through winter", and it also has There is a fable in "Han Feizi: The Foreign Reserve Says the Lower Left": Yang Hu told Zhao Jianzhu that he had personally cultivated a group of talents. But when he was in danger, they didn't help him.
So he sighed: "Tiger is not good at raising people." "Zhao Jianzhu said: "Those who grow orange and pomelo are sweet when eaten and fragrant when smelled; those who grow tangerine and pomelo are stinging when grown. Therefore, a gentleman should be careful about what he plants. "
A "gentleman" who only grows peaches and plums but excludes oranges and pomeloes cannot be said to be "cautious in planting"!
Du Fu's "Eight Sorrows. Therefore You Pu She" In the poem "Xiang Guo Zhang Gong Jiuling", Zhang Jiuling was praised as "the poem ends with more than enough space, and the final words of the poem are clear and clear." "The latter sentence means that his poetic language is fresh and concise; the former sentence means that his poetic imagery leaves readers with room for imagination and association. When reading this poem, we will naturally think of that time The gloom of the government and the poet's bumpy life experience! This poem is plain and simple. In the short chapter, questions are often used, which have ups and downs, but the tone of the poem is gentle and mellow, whether it is angry or sad. No matter what, he has reached the level of proficiency without leaving any trace. Zhang Jiuling (678-740): Prime Minister of Kaiyuan of Tang Dynasty, poet. Zi Shou, a naturalist, Han nationality, Shaozhou Qujiang (now Shaoguan City, Guangdong). ). He was a Jinshi during the Chang'an period. He served as the minister of Zhongshu and later became the governor of Jing. He is a famous poet with great courage and foresight. Politician, writer, poet, and famous prime minister. He was loyal, dutiful, impartial, outspoken, dared to advise, selected talents, did not bend the law for personal gain, did not follow the crowd, dared to fight against evil forces, and made great contributions to the "Kaiyuan Rule" Active contribution. His five-character ancient poems, with their simple and simple language and profound expectations of life, made a great contribution to the eradication of the Six Dynasties poetry style followed in the early Tang Dynasty. < /p>
Zhang Jiuling's autumn river is full of rain, and the cold sand lingers in the water. People look at the painting pavilion and feel lonely. They are often guests in the sad autumn. They have been sick for a hundred years and stand alone on the stage. They look at the flying snow and hear the geese flying alone in the sky. The pillow dream is broken, and I stand alone on the balcony in the clear autumn. I sleep alone in the river city with a broken candle. A boat carries the rain and travels alone in the tent, in vain. . The sky is long, the shadows of the geese are thin, the mountains are thin, and the mountain pavilion is lonely and desolate. Dangerous fence, my mind wanders endlessly, the world is still too narrow. I sleep alone with my shadow, watching the lanterns and flowers falling. I stand alone on the Yao steps, wearing gold-threaded shoes in the cold. Today, there are two or three trees at the head of the river, and I spend the last spring with my leaves.