2011 National Unified Examination for General College Admissions (Guangdong Paper)
Questions and Answers for the Liberal Arts Comprehensive History Section
1. Multiple Choice Questions
< p>12． "Benevolent government must start from the Jingjie (the boundary of the land)... Since the Jingjie is straight, it can be settled by dividing the land and controlling the salary." This passage of Mencius believes thatA. Light corvee and low tax is a means to implement benevolent government?B. The equalization of wealth and poverty is an obstacle to the implementation of benevolent government
C. Solving the land problem is the prerequisite for implementing benevolent government? D. Valuing the people and despising the monarch is the way to implement benevolent government
Title title: "Benevolent government must start from the economic world."
Test point: The theory of benevolent government
Analytical materials Meaning: To implement benevolent government, we must start from dividing and determining the field boundaries. If the field boundaries are correctly divided, then allocating mine fields and formulating salary standards can be easily accomplished. That is to say, good governance strategy starts from defining land property rights, and solving land problems is the prerequisite for implementing benevolent government.
Answer: C.
13. Before the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the government had a genealogy bureau to determine the official titles and family status of fathers and ancestors. Since then, this phenomenon has gradually disappeared, mainly due to
A. The end of patriarchal system ?B. The improvement of the inspection and examination system
C. The establishment of the three-province and six-ministry system?D. The implementation of the imperial examination system
Question: "Before the Sui and Tang Dynasties...the official title and family status of the fathers and ancestors were determined through examination."
Test point: Ancient Chinese official selection system
Analysis Before the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the national selection system mainly examined family status, paying attention to the official title and family status of the father and ancestors. After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, with the emergence of the imperial examination system, the imperial examination system broke the family's decision-making power on the replacement of national officials, and this phenomenon gradually disappeared.
Answer: D
14. "Three Smiles in the Tiger River" tells the story of the Confucian Tao Yuanming, the Taoist Lu Xiujing, and the monk Huiyuan drinking tea together and having fun and forgetting to leave. The story itself is fictional, but it often appears in poetry and paintings of the Tang and Song Dynasties. Based on this, we can draw the conclusion that is consistent with historical facts: at that time
A. There is a trend of fusion between Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism?B. Buddhism began to be introduced into China
C. Poetry creation is booming? D. The painting style is mainly realistic
Title: "Confucianists, Taoists and monks drank tea and talked together."
Test point: "The three religions are unified" of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism
Analyzing the fictional story of Tao Yuanming, Lu Xiujing, and Huiyuan, who belong to different periods of time, drinking tea together and having fun and forgetting to leave, shows the continuous dependence of the three religious cultures of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. It reflects the trend of integration of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism.
Answer: A
15. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there was a public opinion saying: "Zeng Guofan, a famous official in the ZTE, was only rewarded with a marquis, and Li Hongzhang was not worthy of a count. The rest of the heroes who served in hundreds of battles were expected to be baroned but could not be awarded. Today, they are the entrepreneurs who founded the industry with the awards of son, baron, etc.... Sicheng is rare "This "initiative" reflects
A. The buds of capitalism B. Changes in the tradition of focusing on agriculture and suppressing commerce
C. The creation of the title system D. The strengthening of the feudal autocratic monarchy
Title: "Building industrial commerce with the award of sons and barons."
Test point: Industrial reward policy in the late Qing Dynasty
Analysis At the beginning of the 20th century, the ruling group of the Qing Dynasty realized that "trade and benefiting industry are important in running the country in ancient and modern times", so they instead rewarded businessmen and subsidized merchants, and promoted that revitalizing industry and commerce was the foundation of national prosperity, setting off a trend of mercantile social thought in modern China. . This "initiative" reflected the change in the tradition of focusing on agriculture and suppressing commerce.
Answer: B
16
On the third day of the first lunar month of the fifth year of Xuantong in the Qing Dynasty
Since the Rebellion, all new parties have been competing to invade foreign countries. The barbarians not only followed the foreign politics, but also changed the lunar calendar to the solar calendar, and even the clothing and colors also followed the foreign style. However, the foreign barbarians in foreign countries were encroaching and devouring each other day by day.
......
The more than fifty people who came to pay New Year's greetings were all in plain clothes and hats. No one was wearing one, and there were people wearing foreign hats. The situation was completely different from the previous year. .
． Figure 5 shows a diary (part) of a rural intellectual in 1913. It can be seen that
A. The author does not agree with the Revolution of 1911
B. The author advocates comprehensive study of the West
C. Rural social customs had not changed at that time
D. At that time, the democratic ideals and concepts were deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
The title: "1913" and "Since the Incident... the foreign countries have been encroaching on the barbarians and devouring them, and they are getting worse every day."
Test point: Changes in modern social life and customs
Analysis: After the victory of the Revolution of 1911, influenced by the West, Chinese social politics, clothing, and etiquette have undergone great changes, but die-hards cannot accept it New things. C point of view is inconsistent with the material information; B D cannot be reflected in the material.
Answer: A
17. Changes in the number of peasant association members in the 1920s reflected the status of the peasant movement.
The direct reasons for the changes shown in Table 1 are
A. Nanchang Uprising B． The establishment of the Jinggangshan revolutionary base area
C． Northern Expedition D. Publication of the "Inspection Report on the Peasant Movement in Hunan"
Title title: "Changes in the membership of peasant associations in the 1920s". The number of peasant association members in Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi has increased significantly.
Test point: Northern Expedition
The growth areas in the analysis chart are the main areas experienced by the Northern Expedition, and the Northern Expedition promoted the growth of the workers and peasants movement. The time of A and B does not match, and D has little influence on it, so it is excluded.
Answer: C
18. Figure 6 is the cover of a magazine. The historical information obtained from it is that at that time
A. China's artificial satellite launched into space
B. Hybrid rice was successfully bred
C. Exaggeration is prevalent
D. The strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education has achieved initial results
Title title: Cover information: "Satellite", "1958"
Test point: The Great Leap Forward Movement
Analysis of item B hybridization Rice was successfully cultivated in 1973; item A, China’s artificial satellite, was launched in 1970; item D, the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, was proposed in 1995. The dates were not consistent and were excluded. During the "Great Leap Forward" period in 1958, the insistence on achieving unrealistically high targets led to the prevalence of blind command and exaggeration, so the correct answer is C.
Answer: C
19. Some scholars believe: "Ancient Athenian politics was based on a very undemocratic foundation." The following historical facts from the heyday of Athenian democracy can support this conclusion:
A. The Citizens’ Assembly is the highest authority
B. There were more slaves than free people among the residents
C. Many outstanding citizens were exiled abroad through the banishment method
D. Members of the Council of Five Hundred were selected from 10 constituencies by drawing lots
Questions: "Athenian Democracy", "Very Undemocratic"
Test Point: Athenian Democracy Limitations
Analysis of Athenian democracy is only the democracy of a few people, and women, slaves and foreign immigrants do not enjoy democratic rights, especially the vast majority of slaves, do not have democratic rights, therefore, it can be explained Ancient Athenian politics was based on a very undemocratic foundation.
Answer: B
20. Among the following constitutions, the one that gives parliament the least power to restrict the government is
A. "Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China" in 1912?B. The Constitution of the Third French Republic of 1875
C. 1871 "Constitution of the German Empire" D. 1787 U.S. Constitution
Title: "Parliament has the least power to restrict the government"
Test point: Modern Western capitalist representative system
Analysis: 1871 "Deutschland The Imperial Constitution stipulates that the Parliament is composed of the Federal Parliament and the Imperial Parliament and is the legislative body. However, any bill must be approved by the Federal Parliament and the Emperor before it can take effect. Therefore, its parliament has the least power to restrict the government.
Answer: C
21. Some scholars believe: "The New Europe in the 1870s... can be regarded as a new stage of class struggle in history as referred to by materialist dialectics." The historical facts based on this view are
A. The first industrial revolution? B. Russian October Revolution
C. "The Communist Manifesto" was published D. The Revolution of the Paris Commune
Title: "The New Europe in the 1870s", "The New Stage of Class Struggle"
Test Point: The Revolution of the Paris Commune
Analysis The Paris Commune of 1871 was the proletariat's first great attempt to establish political power. It mainly demonstrated the smashing of the old state machinery and the establishment of a new proletarian state machinery. It reflected the transformation of socialist violent revolution from theory to practice.
Answer: D
22. In 1919, the British "The Times" published a headline article - "Scientific Revolution", with two subtitles: "New Theory of the Universe" and "Newtonian Concepts" bankruptcy". The theory with the significance of "scientific revolution" is
A. Heliocentric theory B． Quantum theory c. Classical mechanics D. Theory of Relativity
Tips: "New Theory of the Universe", "The Bankruptcy of Newtonian Concepts"
Test Point: Theory of Relativity
Analysis of Einstein's Theory of Relativity and the Development of Newtonian Mechanics , breaking the traditional view of absolute time and space, and can be said to be "the bankruptcy of Newton's concept."
Answer: D
23. In the early days after World War II, some politicians believed that a certain strategic measure implemented by the United States in Europe at that time "was initially just an economic means, but now it has become a major weapon in the U.S. arsenal against the Soviet Union."
This measure is
A. Implement the Marshall Plan?B. Establish the Bretton Woods system
C. Formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization D. Proposed the signing of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
Titles: "European Implementation", "Economic Means...to Deal with the Soviet Union".
Test point: Marshall Plan
Analysis of the Marshall Plan, also known as the European Recovery Plan, was a plan for economic assistance by the United States to Western European countries that were devastated by the war after World War II. Its purpose was to contain the Soviet Union and other socialist forces, stabilize the capitalist ruling order, and establish and consolidate the hegemony of the United States. Therefore, the correct option is A. And C is a military means, B D is not limited to Europe, so it is excluded.
Answer: A
38. (25 points) Read the materials and answer the questions based on the knowledge you have learned.
Material 1: Ancient Chinese history books are mostly compiled in a biographical style. "The chronicler records the years; the chronicler records the events; the chronicler records the years of the emperor...; the chronicler records the deeds of ministers."
——According to (Tang Dynasty) ) Liu Zhiji's "Shi Tong"
Historians are "those who describe the evolution of groups of people and seek their axioms and rules"; historians must explore "the entire experience of the people and their mutual relationships"; Historians are "the mirror of the nation and the source of patriotism."
——According to Liang Qichao's "Ice Drinking Room Collection"
Material 2: Bruni (1369-1444)'s "History of Florence" no longer creates the world from God but from The book begins with the founding of Florence; it no longer describes the legends and miracles about the founding of Florence, but more about the political life of Florence at that time.
——According to "Western Concepts of History"
Material 3: In the world general history textbooks published in my country since the 1960s, there have been two main stages of world modern history. Method: ① Modern history begins in 1640, and modern history begins in 1917; ② Modern history begins around 1500, and modern history begins around 1900.
(1) According to Material 1, what are the main contents recorded in ancient biographical history books? What thoughts influenced Liang Qichao's view of history? (8 points)
(2) According to material 2, analyze what kind of ideological trend Bruni’s historical writings reflected at that time. (6 points)
(3) Choose one of the three periodization methods in the material and analyze its historical basis. (8 points)
(4) Some scholars believe that history not only refers to the past facts themselves, but also refers to people’s records of past events. Talk about your understanding of this sentence. (3 points)
Answer: (25 points)
(1) Activities of rulers. (2 points) Western ideas of democratic equality, evolution, and salvation. (6 points)
(2) Get rid of the shackles of theology, (2 points) focus on reality, (2 points) reflect the humanistic trend of thought. (2 points)
(3) Choose one of the following two answers:
①The British bourgeois revolution in 1640 ushered in a new era of capitalism. (4 points) The Russian October Revolution of 1917 established the world’s first socialist country led by the proletariat. (4 points)
② Around 1500, new sea routes were opened, and the world moved from being scattered and isolated to a unified whole. (4 points) Around 1900, the second industrial revolution promoted the final formation of the capitalist world system. (4 points)
(4) The total score of this question is 3 points. Candidates can score points if their statements are reasonable.
39. (27 points) When discussing the issue of "The Formation and Transformation of China's Planned Economy", a classmate discovered that a planned economic trend emerged in China in the 1930s, and excerpted the following materials. Please conduct in-depth exploration based on the materials, combined with the knowledge you have learned, and under the guidance of the following questions.
Materials:
Many people "sympathize with Soviet Russia, and some even advocate for its major events, believing that the secret of Soviet Russia's success lies in its social and economic system, because This system is planned and organized.”
——According to "Oriental Magazine" (1933)
"China under layers of high pressure both internally and externally." , what is most urgently needed is "the complete implementation of socialist controlled economy (planned economy) and collective production."
——According to "Declaration Monthly" (1933)
"Whether it is left-leaning or right-leaning, everyone admits that the end of the laissez-faire economy has come."
——According to "The Independent Review" (1934)
(1) Analyze the reasons for the rise of planned economic thought in China in the 1930s from both international and domestic aspects. (6 points)
(2) Analyze the reasons why China chose the planned economic system in the 1950s, and briefly describe the impact of this system on economic construction. (10 points)
(3) Since the 1970s, economic adjustment has emerged around the world. It briefly points out how the economic policies of Western developed countries were adjusted in the 1970s; briefly describes the performance of China's deepening economic system reform since the reform and opening up.
(8 points)
(4) What historical enlightenment have you gained through the above inquiry and study? (3 points) www. zxls. com
Answer: (27 points) (1) The capitalist world economic crisis and laissez-faire economic bankruptcy; (2 points) The Soviet Union’s planned economic system has made great achievements; (2 points) China has internal and external troubles. (2 points)
(2) Reason: The capitalist countries led by the United States isolated and surrounded New China, (2 points) were "one-sided" and learned from the Soviet Union; (2 points) had a weak foundation. (2 points) Impact: It has a positive impact in the early stage and initially forms an independent industrial system; (2 points) It restrains the development of productivity in the later stage. (2 points)
(3) West: Appropriately reduce state intervention in the economy. (2 points) China: Rural areas carry out reforms first and implement the household responsibility system; (2 points) The central link in urban economic system reform is to enhance the vitality of enterprises; (2 points) The 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed the establishment of a socialist market economic system The goal. (2 points)
(4) The total score of this question is 3 points. Candidates can score points if their statements are reasonable.