The Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties are the collective name for the eight writers who mainly wrote poetry and prose during the Tang and Song Dynasties, namely Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty and Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Che in the Song Dynasty ( Collectively known as Sansu), Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi and Zeng Gong.
Among them, Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan were the leaders of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu and San Su were the core figures of the ancient prose movement in the Song Dynasty, and Wang Anshi and Zeng Gong were the representatives of Linchuan literature. The waves of innovation in ancient Chinese literature they set off successively gave a new look to the outdated development of poetry and prose.
1. Han Yu
Han Yu was the advocate of the classical prose movement in the Tang Dynasty. He was respected by later generations as the head of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". Together with Liu Zongyuan, he was also known as "Han Liu". He is known as "The Great Master of Articles" and "The Wen Zong of a Hundred Generations".
His works include forty volumes of "Han Changli Collection", ten volumes of "Waiji Collection", "Shi Shuo", etc. The prose writing theories he proposed such as "unity of literature and Taoism", "powerful words and appropriate words", "Wu Qu Chen Yan", "Writing follows the order of words", are of great instructive significance to future generations.
1. A gentleman in ancient times was very serious about his responsibilities to himself, and he was very gentle in his treatment of others.
——"Original Destruction"
2. If you focus on Zhou, you will not be lazy; if you focus on appointments lightly, people will be happy and do good.
——"Original Destruction"
3. Choose one, and don't blame the other; that is, the new, don't blame the old.
——"Original Destruction"
4. If you cultivate something, you will be slandered, and if you are virtuous, you will be destroyed.
——"Original Destruction"
5. Proficiency comes from hard work rather than play, success comes from thinking and failure comes from following.
——"Jin Xue Jie"
6. Those who record events must mention their essentials, and those who compile their stories must outline their mysteries.
——"Jin Xue Jie"
7. Greedy for more and more, don't donate small or large things; burn anointing oil to continue the sundial, and stay in poverty for a long time.
——"Jin Xue Jie"
8. Barrage hundreds of rivers and go eastward, and the waves will turn back and fall.
——"Jin Xue Jie"
9. I know what people call a man. Benefit is given to others, and reputation will last forever.
——"Preface to Farewell to Li Yuan's Return to Pangu"
10. Curved eyebrows and plump cheeks, clear voice but defecation, beautiful appearance but benefiting the middle.
——"Preface to Farewell to Li Yuan's Return to Pangu"
11. Instead of having a reputation in front of you, which one will be ruined later; instead of having a happy life, who will have no worries? in his heart.
——"Preface to Farewell to Li Yuan's Return to Pangu"
12. Therefore, it is easy to be strong and have merit, but it is difficult to be strong and wise.
——"The Biography of Wang Chengfu"
13. It is said that the sincerity of heaven is difficult to predict, but the sincerity of God is difficult to understand! The so-called reason cannot be deduced, but longevity cannot be known!
——"Sacrifice to the Twelve Langs"
14. One is at the end of the sky, and the other is in the corner of the earth. When I am born, my shadow does not depend on my form. When I die, my soul does not. It is connected with my dream, I actually do it, why is it so special!
——"Sacrifice to the Twelve Langs"
15. Being poor is a matter of integrity.
——"Liu Zihou's Epitaph"
2. Liu Zongyuan
Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu** jointly initiated the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, and were called Han Liu.
He wrote more than 600 poems and essays in his lifetime, and his achievements in writing were greater than those in poetry.
There are nearly a hundred parallel essays. The prose is highly argumentative, sharp and satirical. The travel notes describe the scenery, and many of them are based on "The Collection of Mr. Hedong". His representative works include "River Dwelling", "Jiang Snow" and "The Fisherman".
1. Jealousy of others’ abilities leads to luck in others’ mistakes.
——"The Essence of Cursing Corpses"
2. A gentleman is often slandered when he is in a lower position, and he is praised more when he is in a higher position; a villain is praised more when he is in a lower position, and he is slandered more when he is in a higher position. .
——"Slander"
3. Beauty does not come from itself, but from people.
——"The Story of Horses Retreating to the Mao Pavilion"
4. The text is based on behavior and is based on sincerity.
——"Report to Yuan Jun and Chen Xiucai's Famous Letter for Avoiding Teachers"
5. What ordinary people say is that they are full and empty, and they are not always coming and going.
——"Book of Congratulations to Jinshi Wang Canyuan on Fire"
3. Ouyang Xiu
Ouyang Xiu was the earliest literary leader to create a generation of literary style in the literary history of the Song Dynasty. He led the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty and inherited and developed Han Yu's ancient prose theory.
His high achievements in prose writing complemented his correct ancient prose theory, thus creating a generation of writing style. Later generations called him, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Su Shi, the "Four Great Masters of Eternal Writing".
1. In general, gentlemen and gentlemen will be friends with people who share the same path, and villains will be friends with people who share the same interests.
——"On Clique"
2. Those who uphold moral principles, those who act faithfully, and those who cherish honor and integrity. If you use it to cultivate yourself, you will be of the same mind and benefit each other; if you use it to serve the country, you will be of the same mind and help each other, and you will be consistent from beginning to end.
——"On Clique"
3. When I came here, I liked the remoteness of the place and the simplicity of things, and I also loved the ease of the world.
——"The Story of Fengle Pavilion"
4. Although the principle of rise and fall is called destiny, isn't it just human affairs?
——"Preface to the Biography of Lingguan"
5. Worry and labor can rejuvenate the country, and leisure can destroy the body. This is a natural principle.
——"Preface to the Biography of Lingguan"
6. Husband's misfortunes are often accumulated in the slightest, while wisdom and courage are often trapped in the drowning.
——"Preface to the Biography of Lingguan"
7. A husband does not have to be rich, but should be filial; although profit cannot be gained from things, his heart must be thicker than benevolence.
——"Takigang Qianbiao"
8. If you don't cultivate your body, you will be a gentleman but you will be a villain; if you can cultivate your body, you will be a gentleman even though you are a villain.
——"Reply to Li Xu's Second Letter"
9. Most of the articles I wrote in my life were written on three subjects: on horseback, on pillows, and on the toilet.
——"Although Qian Sigong grew up wealthy"
Su Xun is good at prose, especially political commentary, with clear arguments and vigorous writing style. He is the author of twenty volumes of "Jiayou Collection" , and three volumes of "Posthumous Methods", all of which have been handed down to the world together with "The Biography of Song History". Together with his sons Su Shi and Su Che, he is also famous for his literature, and is known as the "Three Sus" in the world.
1. He gets it by thinking about it, so his speech is deep; he gets it by feeling it, so his speech is clear; he gets it by touching it, so his speech is easy.
——"Tai Xuan Lun"
2. One forbearance can support a hundred courages, and one calmness can control a hundred actions.
——"The Art of the Heart"
3. In order to be a general, you must first cure the heart. The Taishan Mountains cover the front but the color does not change, the elk rises to the left but the eyes do not blink, and then You can wait for the enemy.
——"Mind Skills"
4. If there are no internal worries in the world, there must be external fears.
——"Examination of the Enemy"
5. If you focus on righteousness, you will be able to uplift the group; if you focus on deceit, you will repair hundreds of acupuncture points and defeat them.
——"Yongjian"
6. A wise man is not sad about his own death, but worried about the decline of his country.
——"Guan Zhong Lun"
7. The emperor is pampered and placed in a good position, and he is famous for his kindness.
——"Book of the Privy Council of Shanghan"
8. A gentleman starts carefully and has no worries.
——"Book of the Prime Minister"
5. Su Shi
Su Shi's prose was as famous as Ouyang Xiu and Wang Anshi in the Song Dynasty, but from a literary perspective alone, Judging from this, Zesu Wen is undoubtedly the most accomplished family in Song Dynasty.
1. In ancient times, the so-called heroic people must have extraordinary integrity. It is not courageous for a common man to draw his sword and fight when he is insulted.
There are great brave men in the world who are not startled when faced with a sudden attack, and are not angry when they are attacked for no reason. The person they hold hostage is very big, and their ambition is far-reaching.
——"Liu Hou Lun"
2. Hundreds of workers live in a house to achieve their goals, and a gentleman learns and masters the way.
——"Sun Yu"
3. As soon as the frost and dew fell, all the leaves fell off. The figure is on the ground, looking up at the bright moon. Take pleasure in it and respond with songs.
——"Ode to Hou Chibi"
4. The river flows with sound, and the bank is broken by a foot. The mountain is high and the moon is small, and the water comes out. The sun and the moon were as old as before, but the mountains and rivers cannot be recognised.
——"Ode to the Later Chibi"
5. How are the troubles faced by the people today? It lies in knowing safety but not knowing danger, being able to relax but not working hard.
——"Teaching War and Defending Strategies"
6. Su Zhe
Su Zhe's life and culture were deeply influenced by his father and brother, with Confucianism as the main focus and whom he admired the most. Mencius also looked at hundreds of schools of thought.
He is good at political and historical commentaries. In his political commentaries, he talks about world affairs and analyzes the political situation at that time, which is quite sharp.
"History of the Song Dynasty" said: Su Che had a calm and concise temperament, and his writing was grand and indifferent. Similar to his personality, he did not want to be known, but his handsome and outstanding temperament could not be concealed after all. His superb Roughly similar to Su Shi.
1. There is no one in the world who can reach high without looking down, and who can reach far without looking close.
——"Book of the Emperor"
2. If a scholar is born in the world and is not content with it, where will he go instead of getting sick? If you make it calm and don't hurt your nature with things, what will be more comfortable than happy?
——"The Record of Kuaizai Pavilion in Huangzhou"
3. It is believed that the writer's Qi is the shape, but writing cannot be learned but Qi can be cultivated.
——Su Che's "Book of Privy Han Taiwei"
4. His energy fills it and overflows his appearance, moves his words and can be seen in his writing, and Not aware of it.
——Su Che's "Book of Privy Councilor Han Taiwei"
5. If there is a sincere heart and endless writing, then the heaven and earth can move, and the metal and stone can be moved.
——"Three Essays on Distinguishing Evil from Righteousness"
7. Wang Anshi
Wang Anshi has outstanding achievements in literature.
His prose has clear arguments, strict logic, and strong persuasiveness, giving full play to the practical function of ancient prose; his essays are concise, sharp, short and concise, and he is ranked among the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties".
1. If the enemy is close, there will be many tourists; if the danger is far, there will be few tourists. The grandeur, weirdness, and extraordinary views of the world often lie in the dangers and distances that are rarely accessible to humans.
Therefore, only those who are determined cannot achieve it. If you have ambition, you won't be able to achieve it if you don't follow it, but if you don't have enough strength, you won't be able to achieve it.
If you have ambition and strength, but don't be lazy, you won't be able to achieve it even if it is dark and confusing and there is nothing to show it.
However, if you are powerful enough, you can be ridiculed by others, but you will regret it by yourself. If I try my best and fail to achieve it, then I can have no regrets. Who can ridicule me?
——"A Journey to Bao Chan Mountain"
2. The commander must use his talents to the best of his ability, and he must do his duty when changing facilities.
——"Notes on a Hundred Years of Nothing in This Dynasty"
? 3. Know that God’s help cannot always be relied upon, and know that one cannot be idle forever.
——"A Hundred Years of Nothing in This Dynasty"
4. What accumulates in the middle is as vast as the stagnancy of a river; what develops outside is like the decay of the sun and the moon. Brilliance.
——"Ouyang Wenzhong Official Document"
5. What Confucianists argue about is especially the name and reality. The name and reality are clear, and the principles of the world are understood.
——"Reply to Sima's Remonstrance"
8. Zeng Gong
Most of Zeng Gong's prose works are "Ming Dao" works, and the style of writing is "elegant, It is known as "Ping Zheng, Chong He".
His writing style is derived from the Six Classics and combines the strengths of Sima Qian and Han Yu. It is quaint and upright, gentle and elegant, rigorous in composition, good at reasoning, and has been followed by people of the time and future generations. Zeng Gong's writing was natural and simple, and he did not pay much attention to literary talent.
1. Zhou Zhixian, enlightened the people and cultivated the laws, so they achieved great governance.
——"Preface to the Catalog of Warring States Policies"
2. The reason why those who build the Dharma are adaptable, they do not have to be the same; the reason why those who build the Tao are based on the same principles, they must not be different.
——"Preface to the Catalog of Warring States Policies"
3. Therefore, we talk about the convenience of deception but conceal its defeat, and talk about the benefits of war but hide its dangers.
——"Preface to the Catalog of Warring States Policies"
4. I know that my beliefs are from the ancient times but I don't know that they are in line with the world.
——"Preface to Li An's Second Life"