Walking on a rainy night
Don? Bai Juyi
It's a lonely autumn in Yun Qi, and it's a little cold at night.
But my clothes are wet and there is no sound.
Make an appreciative comment
"This is a lonely autumn in Yun Qi, and it is a bit cold at night." Write down what you see and feel when the autumn rain comes. Autumn clouds are gathering, it's getting late, and a chill is coming, which makes people feel a little cold. "Autumn cloud" is a necessary condition for the formation of autumn rain, and "cold at night" is an intuitive feeling brought by autumn rain, but the author did not point out the word rain. "But I feel my clothes are wet and there is no sound." This sentence is particularly implicit and vividly depicts the delicate quality of autumn rain. This autumn rain is extremely subtle, and the "cold night" can actually make people feel it, but this cold autumn rain is simply imperceptible, let alone hear the rain and see the raindrops. Like a misty mist, it permeates people's clothes. Over time, the clothes became wet, and the author realized that it was raining!
The autumn rain written by Bai Juyi is very similar to the apricot rain in spring. What it brings is not bleak and desolate, but a quiet poetry and indifference. Poets should also like this autumn rain. Why else did he walk in the rain for so long that his clothes were wet?
Extended reading: Bai Juyi's literary achievements
Bai Juyi was a great poet with great influence in the middle Tang Dynasty. His poetic thoughts and creations, which emphasize popularity and realism, occupy an important position in the history of China's poetry. In Jiu Shu Tong Yuan, he clearly said: "Servants aim to help the two, and they are independent. Always serve the Tao, and invent poetry. Calling it a satirical poem is also aimed at helping others; It's not bad to call it leisure poetry. " It can be seen that among Bai Juyi's four poems, satirical, leisurely, sentimental and miscellaneous, the first two reflect his practice of "serving others and always being good", so they are valued by us. At the same time, he put forward his own literary proposition: "Articles should be written in time, and songs and poems should be written well." His poetic thoughts are mainly based on early satirical poems.
As early as the early Yuan Dynasty, Bai Juyi showed a tendency to emphasize realism, popularity and allegory: "If there is no textual research on today's praise and demotion, there is a lack of punishment and persuasion;" If the poem "The Beauty Sting" does not test politics, then the significance of the make-up test will be abolished. ..... The satirist who admonishes Ci Fu, though wild, will be rewarded. "The role of poetry is to punish evil and persuade good, and make up for current politics. The means of poetry is praise and criticism, and it is admonition and irony. Therefore, he advocated: "establish an official who collects poems, open a satirical way, examine their gains and losses, and understand their feelings." (Poetry Sixty-nine) He opposes the simple pursuit of "high palace rhythm" and "strange writing" without content, and even more opposes the gorgeous poetic style of "mocking the wind and making flowers" since Qi and Liang Dynasties. In the preface to new Yuefu, he clearly pointed out that the standard of writing poetry is: "the quality and path of his words are easy to distinguish for those who want to see;" "His words are straightforward and he admonishes those who want to listen; Its business is nuclear and true, so people who use it can send messages; Its body is very smooth and can be played in music songs. " Here, "quality and diameter", "straightness and tangent", "core and reality" and "smoothness and smoothness" respectively emphasize that the language should be simple and popular, the discussion should be straightforward and exposed, the writing should be absolutely false and pure, the form should be smooth and fluent, and it has the color of ballads. In other words, poetry must be authentic, easy to understand and easy to sing in order to be considered the ultimate.
Extended reading: Bai Juyi's poetic theory
Bai Juyi's thought integrates Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, mainly Confucianism. Mencius said that "being rich will help the world, and being poor will be immune to it" is the creed he followed all his life. His ambition of "helping the world and the people" is mainly based on Confucian benevolent policies, including the theory of Huang Lao, the technique of treating filial piety and the method of applying Korea; His mind of "being alone" absorbed the concepts of contentment, uniformity and freedom of Laozi and Zhuangzi and the Buddhist thought of "liberation". The two are roughly bounded by Bai's demotion of Jiangzhou Sima. Bai Juyi not only left nearly 3,000 poems, but also put forward a whole set of poetic theories. He compared poetry to a fruit tree and put forward the viewpoint of "root feeling, Miao character, Watson and true meaning" (nine books are the same). He believes that "emotion" is the fundamental condition for writing poetry, and "those who move people should not care about emotion first" (nine books at the end of Yuan Dynasty). The emergence of emotion is helpful and tied up with current politics. Therefore, poetry creation cannot be divorced from reality, but must be based on various events in real life and reflect the social and political situation of an era. He inherited the tradition of "beauty and beauty" since the Book of Songs and attached importance to the realistic content and social function of poetry. Emphasize the role of poetry in exposing and criticizing political abuses. He put forward a series of principles in the method of poetry expression. In Nine Books with the Same Origin, he put forward the realistic writing principle of "writing articles in time and writing poems for things".
His poetic theory is of progressive significance for urging poets to face up to reality and care about people's livelihood. It also has an important influence on the poetic style that has gradually emphasized form since Dali (766 ~ 779). However, overemphasizing the subordination of poetry creation to the needs of real politics will inevitably constrain the artistic creation of poetry and the diversification of poetry styles.