Lecture Notes on Moonlit Night on the Spring River 1 1. Talking about teaching materials:
1, Moonlit Night on a Spring River is selected from Unit 2 of Appreciation of Ancient Poetry, an elective course in Senior Two. Chinese curriculum in senior high school must reflect the times, foundation and selectivity, compulsory courses reflect the foundation and elective courses reflect the selectivity. Elective courses consider the differences of students' self-development direction and learning needs, stimulate students' interest and potential, and promote the development of students' specialties and personalities. Chinese elective course in senior high school is an extension and improvement on the basis of compulsory courses, which has great flexibility and development. Poetry teaching also plays an important role in cultivating students' humanistic quality and improving their cultural taste.
2. Tang poetry is a wonderful work of China literature and an important part of China culture. Therefore, appreciating Tang poetry is of great significance for cultivating students' sentiment and enriching and accumulating students' humanistic quality. This poem is arguably the most important. There are only two of Zhang's poems in the whole Tang Dynasty. Among them, Zhang has been able to stand upright in the poetry world and remain immortal with his poem "Moonlit Night on a Spring River", becoming a unique master in the history of literature. This poem was praised by Mr Wen Yiduo as "the poem in the poem, the peak on the peak".
3. Based on the above understanding, my teaching objectives are:
Knowledge goal:
(1) Taste the language and guide students to appreciate the artistic beauty of poetry through image, association and imagination.
(2) Give full play to the ability of association and imagination, understand the ideological connotation of the work, and explore the rich implication of the work.
Ability goal:
(1) Being in a poetic mood, I appreciate the poetry, which is implicit, meaningful and natural.
(2) Appreciate the combination of scenery, emotion and reason in this poem, and improve the ability of poetry appreciation.
Moral education goal: to stimulate reading interest in repeated reading, to experience the artistic conception and language beauty of poetry, and to be influenced and infected by beauty.
4. Analysis of key points and difficulties:
The focus of poetry appreciation is to cultivate students how to restore boring and abstract language into three-dimensional vivid pictures through association and imagination in repeated recitation, so as to grasp the poet's inner feelings hidden behind the text. This is a vital part of appreciating poetry, so I take improving students' ability of association and imagination and entering the artistic conception of poetry as the focus of this class. I regard the combination of scene, emotion and reason in poetry appreciation as the difficulty of this course.
Second, oral teaching methods
Creating as many opportunities for students to use their mouths, brains and hands as possible is the main means to improve students' ability in our current education and teaching. According to the teaching objectives of this course and the age and psychological characteristics of students, I adopt the following methods to teach:
1, reading teaching method
"Reading aloud", as the name implies, means reading aloud repeatedly until reciting. Poetry contains the poet's rich imagination and emotion, and its rhythm is harmonious, which is most suitable for reading aloud. Through teachers' repeated recitation and multimedia audio-visual materials, students can feel the rhythmic beauty of classical poetry. At the same time, providing students with a picture of blending scenes can make them have a more direct understanding. Reciting feelings repeatedly helps to cultivate students' sense of language, stimulate students' ability of association and imagination, and enter the situation of poetry.
2. Discussion method. Chinese classroom teaching is a process of equal dialogue and spiritual communication between teachers and students on the text platform. Suhomlinski said in Advice to Teachers: "Every child is born a poet. But let the strings in their hearts ring. " Chinese class should be a stage for them to express their personal views. Only when teachers, students and classmates participate in the discussion and talk on an equal footing can it help to cultivate and stimulate students' reading interest and inspiration, pay attention to individual differences, meet the learning needs of different students, and let each student develop more fully.
3. Actively advocate independent, cooperative and inquiry learning methods, pay attention to personalized interpretation of works, and fully stimulate students' imagination and creative potential. Adopt the teaching scheme of "self-learning to understand the text-determining the content of personalized cooperative research-collective discussion to deepen the understanding of the text content-extending to other works".
4. Analytical methods and guiding methods. As for the appreciation of the poem "A Moonlit Night on a Spring River", it is difficult for students to understand the profound thinking about the universe and life given by the author in the poem because of their limited time, knowledge accumulation and life experience, and it is also difficult to guide students into the poem by combining the appreciation content after the textbook. At the same time, it is used to supplement some feelings expressed by others in teaching and give a brief explanation.
4. In the poetic realm, rebel against the scenery. Using multimedia to create situations can inspire students to imagine and understand the beauty of the moonlit night by the river, cultivate students' imagination ability, infer the feelings in the poem according to the scenery in the poem, and then stimulate students' ability to create beauty.
Third, theoretical study.
The teaching process is a two-way interactive process with teachers as the leading factor and students as the main body. In the teaching process, teachers and students attach importance to language communication and spiritual communication. Accordingly, I have determined the following learning methods:
1, combining rough reading with intensive reading.
Take the method of rough reading to let students perceive the connotation of the work as a whole. However, the poem "Moonlit Night on a Spring River" has profound meaning, which should be carefully studied and explored, that is, intensive reading, in order to better enter the text, grasp the scenery, emotion and reason in the poem, jump out of the text and get some insights.
2. Lenovo and imagination teaching methods.
Literature is the art of language, and the literary image created by language is an indirect image, but it can give people more aesthetic feeling than other arts, because it provides people with more imagination and more aftertaste space. Therefore, to feel and appreciate these images, we must first restore the language into a visual and auditory picture through imagination, and then walk into this picture. Then taste the rich aesthetic feeling and extensive connotation brought by poetic language.
Fourth, talk about teaching procedures:
Preparation before class: Students are required to collect poems about "the moon" before class to stimulate their reading interest and emotional experience.
1, new lesson import.
Good lead-in can create a suitable classroom atmosphere, concentrate students' attention, and make students have a strong interest in learning content, so students should be involved. For this reason, I use the method of slide show-the ancient moon complex to summarize the symbolic significance of the moon in poetry. Quickly attract students' aesthetic attention and make them involuntarily enter the text situation. Details are as follows:
Students, the image of the moon has been sung by literati for thousands of years. It has rich symbolic significance in China's classical poems. It carries the rich thoughts and feelings of human beings, and entrusts their joys and sorrows. She is a symbol of beauty and has created many beautiful aesthetic moods. At the same time, the moon is also the carrier of human lovesickness, expressing people's nostalgia for their hometown, relatives and friends. The moon hanging high in the sky has also aroused people's philosophical thinking, thus becoming an eternal symbol. When we look up at the night sky and see the bright moon, our hearts will always arouse infinite reverie. When did the moon hang in the sky? Who was the first person to appreciate it? Today, let's enjoy Zhang's work The Bright Moon.
2. Overall perception.
In this part, I take the lead. First, I asked students to introduce their poems about the moon, and then I briefly introduced the author and poems. Among them, I will say a little more about the historical significance and people's evaluation of "Moonlit Night on a Spring River", which is also the uniqueness of this poem. Let the students have an overall and comprehensive understanding of this poem. Then read the whole poem aloud with music, so that students can feel the wonderful artistic conception of the whole poem as a whole.
3. Appreciate poetry.
First of all, I introduced some methods and ideas for students to appreciate poetry. In the last unit, we learned the appreciation skills of "opposing one's will with one's will, knowing others and discussing the world". On this basis, this unit learns to appreciate the content of poetry in the way of "predestination and scenery" Therefore, in teaching, we should not only teach students knowledge, but also teach them how to appreciate poetry. It is better to teach people to fish than to teach them to fish.
In the concrete appreciation, I divide the full text into three levels, and appreciate this poem according to these three steps: first, appreciate the beauty of scenery, second, appreciate the philosophical beauty of poem, and third, appreciate the emotional beauty of poem.
Among them, in the process of appreciating the scenic beauty of poetry, I let students associate and imagine according to the content of poetry, describe the artistic conception of the picture, and let students fully participate in classroom activities.
In the teaching process of understanding the philosophical beauty of poetry, on the basis of students' understanding of poetry, I expanded the section of "Jiang Ren" to understand the ancient people's exploration of life and broaden students' horizons.
Appreciating the emotional beauty of this poem is the main part of this poem. I take the clip "Thinking about women and longing for the future" as the key appreciation part. Based on this, I ask students to rewrite this passage from the perspective of thinking about women and write their feelings and psychology. Students exchange what they have written and feel the emotional beauty of poetry.
4. The combination of scenery and reason.
With the help of teaching materials, students are educated emotionally, and humanistic education is the focus of Chinese education. In this lesson, Zhang described five kinds of beauty in the touching moonlight by the river, explored the magical mystery of the universe, and expressed a wanderer's feelings of missing his wife and hating Chang Zaixin. The perfect unity of content and form is the main feature of this poem, and it is also the teaching focus of this class. Therefore, I regard the method of combining situation analysis with rationality as an important teaching link. Here, I take the image of "the moon" as the starting point to guide students to understand how the author uses the moon as a link to connect emotion, scenery and reason and improve students' ability to appreciate poetry.
5. summary. The ending is a summary of a class teaching, which has the function of deepening the center and pointing out the main idea, and is also a necessary procedure for students to think seriously. Details are as follows:
A "Moonlit Night on a Spring River" depicts a clear, quiet and charming ink painting for us. The moon is the motif of his chanting, which seems to be a sustenance of the poet's life feelings in his poems, and has become the awakening of the poet's cosmic consciousness and the carrier of his life philosophy. From this, we also feel the ethereal quietness of "moonlight in the pine forest" and the dreamy magic of "flying over the mirror lake and the bright moon overnight"; Feel the lovesickness of "the geese return home, and the moon is full of the west building", and feel the silence and desolation of "the waves are swaying and Leng Yue is silent"; I feel the bitterness of "Yang Liuan's waning moon" and the helplessness of "life is like a dream, there is still one month left". From the birth of the moon to the setting of the moon, it combines natural scenery, cosmic theory and human feelings. The moon has become so enchanting and affectionate and mysterious in Zhang's pen!
6. Task:
I designed my homework as an extension of this course. Since ancient times, spring, river, flowers, moon and night have formed an inseparable image desire with poetry. With the footsteps of human beings, they pay attention to the people's warmth and coldness. For thousands of years, they have been the object of poets' poems, in which they poured their love and hate, entrusted their joys and sorrows, and showed their ups and downs in life. Please continue to review the poems you have learned or heard, and compare the poetic scenes created by these images.
7. The design of blackboard writing is as follows:
Scene: the bright moon on the sea, the moonlight in the flowers and trees, the lonely moon in the sky, the moonlight man in the river, the boat tonight, the lovesick moon tower, the geese flying long and the moon falling all over the trees.
Scene: Lian Haiping is in the spring tide, and the bright moon on the sea is born in the tide.
Rb: Whoever sees the moon for the first time by the river will take a photo at the beginning of the month.
Love: whose boat is flat tonight, where to miss the bright moon building.
The lecture of "Moonlit Night on the Spring River" 2 is about textbooks.
Moonlit Night on the Spring River is the first article in the second unit of the elective textbook Appreciation of China Ancient Poetry. The key point of this unit is to ask "being in the poetic scene and knowing from the scene", that is, to understand and appreciate the unique aesthetic artistic beauty of China's classical poems through grasping the images and exerting the imagination.
As the first poem, Moonlit Night on a Spring River best embodies the characteristics of poetic artistic conception. Through the description and rich imagination of the beautiful moonlight on the riverside, the poet leads the readers into a poetic realm with rich feelings and guides them to feel the feelings of wandering, thinking of women and homesickness. The perfect combination of scenery, emotion and reason in the whole poem not only depicts a beautiful picture of a moonlit night, but also shows a unique cosmic consciousness, a deeper, broader and more peaceful realm with profound feelings.
Talk about learning.
Students are no strangers to poetry and have some experience in learning poetry, but they can't systematically master the methods of poetry appreciation. As an elective course, this poem focuses on allowing students to accumulate experience and methods of poetry appreciation through learning, so the teaching process should pay attention to the guidance of learning methods and let students participate in the whole process.
This poem is rich in connotation, which is difficult for students to master easily. When teaching, I will prompt students to explore and encourage them to boldly imagine and question.
Talking about teaching objectives (setting corresponding teaching objectives according to the previous analysis)
Get to know Zhang and experience poetry in reading.
Process and method: Through imagination and association, we can feel the artistic conception, appreciate poetry and improve the ability of poetry appreciation.
Emotional attitude and values: stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning ancient poetry and cultivate their love for classical literature.
On the Key Points and Difficulties in Teaching
This unit is mainly to learn how to use imagination, and to understand the unique artistic aesthetic taste of China's classical poems by grasping the images in them. This lesson is no exception. Students are required to develop rich and wonderful imagination with the progress of poetry and the spread of moonlight, and reproduce a beautiful picture of the changing scenery under the moon in their minds. At the same time, they should savor the ethereal and hazy feeling in the painting, and feel the change of the poet's emotional rhythm and the ups and downs of the beauty of poetry and music. Therefore, the following key points and difficulties are set:
Focus: expand association and imagination, and enter the artistic conception of poetry.
Difficulty: Understanding how scenery, emotion and reason are organically integrated.
Talking about teaching methods
The new curriculum emphasizes that students are the main body of learning, advocates students' participation in determining learning goals, learning progress and evaluation goals, actively thinking in learning, learning by solving problems, and emphasizes students' autonomous learning. The situation is a good introduction. In the situation created by teachers, students can deeply experience emotions, flash thinking sparks, find problems, exchange experiences, stimulate innovative thinking, and realize the main role standard.
The Outline of Basic Education Curriculum Reform points out: "Teachers should actively interact with students in the teaching process, develop together, handle the relationship between imparting knowledge and cultivating ability, pay attention to cultivating students' independence and autonomy, guide students to question, explore and learn in practice, and promote students to learn actively and individually under the guidance of teachers. "
Based on the above analysis, the teaching methods of this course are as follows:
Situational introduction method and independent inquiry method
Say preparation before class
This poem is rich in meaning and is regarded as a long poem in China's classical poetry. Students must preview before class to complete the teaching plan of a class. According to the teacher's preset questions, students can preview and understand this poem before class.
Preview task: get to know the author, read the poem for the first time, understand the main idea according to the notes, and read the appreciation examples at the back of the text, so that students can expand their imagination while enjoying it, and restore the language to a picture that conforms to the original description and has students' own aesthetic interest.
What did you write about your initial feelings? What is the reason? What did you express?
On the Teaching Process
I. Import (2 minutes)
When we look up at the night sky and see the bright moon, our hearts will always arouse infinite reverie. We naturally think of poems related to the moon. (Students recall Ming poems about the moon, and the teacher quotes collected famous sentences. Students taste poems and think about what feelings these poems express by writing about the moon. Students can basically answer homesickness and lovesickness. The teacher guides the situation and leads to the learning content of this lesson. The moon is the classic image of classical poetry. Poets either pin their feelings on the moon or cause philosophical thinking because of the moon. There was a poet in the Tang Dynasty, because a bright moon made the poetry world famous for thousands of years. He is Zhang, and this poem is Moonlit Night on a Spring River. Starting from ancient poems, introduce the poetic image of the moon, create a situation, and be natural and cordial. Explain the content of this lesson clearly to the students and stimulate their appreciation enthusiasm)
Second, the overall perception: (10 minutes) (projection presents problems) (students explore independently and master the main content of poetry. )
1, first reading, playing recitation. (Play and display pictures and music)
Students listen to the model essay and read aloud, feeling the feeling and rhythm. Which image runs through the whole article?
Cleared: month. The most poems are written on the moon. The moon is the life link that runs through the whole poem, connecting scenery and emotion. Spring, river, flowers and night are just the foil of the moon.
2. Find out the poems written with the moon, read these poems and think about several states of the whole poem written with the moon.
Clarity: Four states of the moon are written, that is, the newborn moon (the bright moon on the sea is born in the tide)-the solitary moon hanging high (the solitary moon wheel in the sky)-the moon slanting west (the moon falls in the pond and then inclines west)-the moon falling (the falling moon shakes the river trees).
From the birth of the moon to the setting of the moon, this is a time clue.
3. With the change of the month, what did the author write and what are the ups and downs of his feelings?
Clarity: the whole poem takes the time clue of the moon's change as the main line, and writes about the beautiful scenery under the moon, the author's philosophical thinking, thinking about women and cherishing people, wandering to sleep, and the feelings after waking up. Poetry gradually fades from high to low, and finally it is lonely after waking up. The ending is long and unforgettable. Although this poem is a bit sad, it doesn't look decadent as a whole. It shows the beauty of nature, the rarity of youth and the yearning for a better life. The sincere exploration of the universe and life is also of profound significance.
Author's brief introduction (textbook note ①)
Knowing people and discussing the world is mainly to understand that the author lived in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, so as to deeply feel the emotional melody of poetry. The poet's feelings are sad, but not hurt. What we hear is not sadness and despair, but the echo of the youthful and enthusiastic voice of the prosperous Tang Dynasty in the poet's heart.
"Lonely articles overwhelm the whole Tang Dynasty"
"There is a poem in the poem, and there is a peak on the peak" (Wen Yiduo)
The setting of questions mainly involves the understanding of poetry content. Teachers' preset questions are the same:
The "moon" image of Question 1 is the main image of this poem, and all night scenes are visible because of the moon;
Question 2 is mainly to clarify several changes of the moon in this poem, and the scenery changes after the moon changes;
Question 3 is the change of the author's feelings after the moon scene changes.
Introducing the "moon" directly into the main image of this poem is more coherent in thinking and the interpretation of the text is basic. Students' independent interpretation and mastery is conducive to the improvement of students' learning enthusiasm. It also laid the foundation for the later appreciation.
Third, cooperative exploration: (22 minutes)
Second-graders read aloud in unison
Teachers explicitly ask students to read aloud: further feel the content and emotional melody of poetry, seek spirit from the voice and recite the rhyme. After reading the tape, the students began to read aloud, so as to promote students to deeply understand what they want to appreciate and feel the beauty of rhyme in reading.
Learning method guidance: summarize the methods of poetry appreciation.
Students independently summarize the methods of learning poetry. Students' independent summary is helpful to mobilize students' learning experience and accumulate students' learning experience. At the same time, it also conforms to the new curriculum concept.
Clarity: reading aloud, imagination and association, image analysis, etc.
There are thirty-six sentences in the whole poem, four of which have one rhyme and nine rhymes, and each rhyme constitutes a short paragraph. Please give full play to your imagination, deeply feel and creatively appreciate the artistic conception of poetry, and explore the landscape map of "Moonlit Night on a Spring River" in nine groups, and express it with prose-like brushwork and beautiful language. So as to better understand the poet's feelings and intentions.
Achievement display:
1, students think independently and express the content of poetry in beautiful language.
2. Discuss in groups, and each group chooses a better chapter.
3, the teacher presided over, and asked the representatives of each group to read the rewritten excellent fragments.
4. Make students understand the philosophy and the author's emotion contained in the fragment.
5. Teachers summarize and collect students' thinking achievements.
This link requires students to be in a poetic scene, associate imagination, reproduce the picture, and talk about the beauty (pay attention to the beauty of language). Students may only describe the content of the picture. At this time, I will guide students to experience the beauty of artistic conception, emotion and philosophy. Students can also be reminded to appreciate poetry from the perspectives of language, expression and structure. Appreciation is the focus of this lesson. Through appreciation, students can be mobilized to actively experience and feel the feelings infiltrated between the lines of poetry. Imagination and association are a way to appreciate poetry. Students' descriptions help them grasp and understand the content and exercise students' language expression ability.
On the basis of students' appreciation, I provide the following appreciation examples to further help students understand poetry, learn appreciation methods and form appreciation ability.
"Even the sea level spring tide, the bright moon * * * tide at sea.
I drift thousands of miles, where there is no moonlight by the river? "
The beginning of the poem points out the words spring, river and moon, but the poet's vision is not limited to this. The first sentence, "the spring tide is even the sea level", has included the sea. The second sentence "The bright moon on the sea was born in the tide" tells us that the bright moon grows with the tide.
Here, the poet does not use the rising sound, but the growing sound, which has another meaning. The bright moon rises, but it is a common sight and relatively dull. "The bright moon is born in the tide" is permeated with the poet's subjective imagination, as if both the bright moon and the tide have life. They are like sisters, growing up and playing together. The word "life" brings life to the whole poem. Three or four sentences: "I drift thousands of miles, where there is no moon by the river!" " It's like a water wave overflowing. The river and the sea are connected, the spring tide is slack, and the moonlight enters the river with the tide. Where the tide goes, the moonlight follows, and where there is no moonlight shining on the river?
Fourth, the teacher guides the students to summarize: (5 minutes)
Poetry is a blend of scenes and scenes, and the three aspects of this poem are perfectly integrated.
(1) Write down the beautiful landscape of the river flower forest under the moonlight, laying the foundation for the following lyricism. Beautiful scenery
(2) From the description of the scenery to the observation of life, think about the relationship between the vast life and the long universe, and express the sigh in your heart by comparing the short life with the long moon. Philosophical beauty
(3) By lamenting life, expressing the sadness and parting feelings of homesick wanderers, eulogizing people's yearning for love and happiness.
Moonlit night by the river (scene)
The Perfect Integration of Life (Theory) in the Universe
Acacia and melancholy (affection)
Verb (abbreviation of verb) extension exercise: (1 minute) (homework) (Students finish it by themselves after class. Teacher inspection)
① Students collect poems and explore poetic images such as "river water, falling flowers and spring".
2 recite the whole poem.
Expanding appreciation focuses on stimulating students' interest in learning ancient poems and accumulating appreciation methods. )
Six, three reading teachers and students * * * with reading (3 minutes)
Please read the whole poem with the teacher, and end this lesson in a subtle and meaningful melody. Read aloud with teachers and students to strengthen understanding. It is unforgettable to end the class by reading aloud. )
blackboard-writing design
Flowers on the river under the moonlight in spring
Don Zhang Xu Ruo
The birth of the moon-the moon shines-the moon tilts-the moon sets.
Moonlit night by the river (scene)
The Perfect Integration of Life (Theory) in the Universe
Acacia and melancholy (affection)