Liang Sicheng Liang Sicheng, male, from Xinhui, Guangdong Province, is a famous architect and architectural educator in China. He has been engaged in the research of ancient Chinese architecture and architectural education throughout his life. He systematically investigated, sorted out and studied the history and theory of ancient Chinese architecture, and was the pioneer and founder of this discipline. He has participated in the design of the Monument to the People's Heroes and other designs. He is a promoter of urban planning in the capital of New China and the host of several major design plans since the founding of the People's Republic of China. He is a consultant to the National Flag and National Emblem Selection Committee of New China.
Chinese name: Liang Sicheng
Nationality: Chinese
Ethnicity: Han
Birthplace: Tokyo, Japan
Date of birth: April 20, 1901
Date of death: January 9, 1972
Occupation: Architectural educator, architect
Graduation School School: University of Pennsylvania
Main achievements: Architectural education, architectural research, architectural art
Character profile
Liang Qichao, also known as Zhuoru, also known as Ren Gong Named the owner of Yin Bing Room, Yin Bing Zi, Ai Shi Ke, China's New People, Free Zhai Master, etc. Han nationality, Guangdong Portrait of Liang Qichao
A native of Xinhui, a representative figure of modern China's reformists, a bourgeois reformist, and a famous scholar. Liang Qichao received traditional education at home since he was a child, and passed the national examination in 1889. In 1890, he went to Beijing to take the examination and failed. On the way back to Guangdong, I passed through Shanghai and saw "Yinghuan Zhilue" which introduced world geography and Western books translated by the Shanghai Machinery Bureau, which opened my eyes. In the same year, he met Kang Youwei and joined his disciples. Later, he and Kang Youwei led the famous "1898 Reform". His works are compiled into "The Collection of Drinking Ice Room".
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In 1890, he studied at Wanmu Thatched Cottage, accepted Kang Youwei's thoughts and doctrines, and embarked on the path of reform. The world collectively called him "Kang Liang". In the spring of 1895, he went to Beijing again for the examination, and assisted Kang Youwei in initiating a "public petition" for candidates taking the examination in Beijing. During the reform movement, Liang Qichao was active. He once took charge of the editorial affairs of Beijing's "Global Gazette" (later renamed "China and Foreign Journal") and Shanghai's "Shiwu Bao", and went to Macau to organize the "Knowledge News". Many of his political comments had a great influence on society. Liang Qichao
In 1897, he served as the chief teacher of Changsha Current Affairs School and promoted reform ideas in Hunan. In 1898, he returned to Beijing to participate in the "Hundred Days Reform". In July, he was summoned by Emperor Guangxu and ordered to submit his "General Discussion on Reform", and was awarded the rank of Sixth Grade. He was responsible for handling the affairs of the Translation and Bookstore of the Capital University Hall. In September of the same year, a coup occurred. Liang Qichao fled to Japan and had contact with the revolutionaries headed by Sun Yat-sen. During his stay in Japan, he successively founded "Qing Yi Bao" and "Xin Min Cong Bao" to advocate reform and oppose revolution. At the same time, he also introduced a large number of Western social and political theories, which had a great influence on the intellectuals at that time. After the Wuchang Uprising broke out, he tried to make the revolutionaries compromise with the Qing government. In the early years of the Republic of China, he supported Yuan Shikai and accepted Yuan's wishes. He merged the Democratic Party with the Communist Party and the United Party to transform the Progressive Party and compete with the Kuomintang led by Sun Yat-sen for political power. In 1913, the Progressive Party's "Talent Cabinet" was established, and Liang Qichao served as the Chief Justice. At the end of 1915, Yuan Shikai's intention to proclaim himself emperor was increasingly exposed. Liang Qichao opposed Yuan's proclaimed emperor, and planned with Cai E to rebel against Yuan by force. The War to Protect the Country broke out in Yunnan. In 1916, Liang Qichao went to Guangdong and Guangxi to participate in the anti-Yuan struggle. After Yuan Shikai's death, Liang Qichao served as Duan Qirui, Chief Financial Officer of the Beiyang Government and Supervisor of the General Administration of Salt Affairs. In September 1917, Sun Yat-sen launched the War to Protect the Dharma. In November, Duan's cabinet was forced to step down, and Liang Qichao also resigned and retired from politics. At the end of 1918, Liang Qichao went to Europe and learned about many problems and shortcomings of Western society. After returning to China, he promoted that Western civilization was bankrupt, advocating that traditional culture should be promoted and the "inherent civilization" of the East be used to "save the world." He started teaching part-time at Tsinghua School in 1922, and in 1925 he was appointed as a tutor at the Tsinghua Institute of Chinese Studies. In 1927, he left Tsinghua Research Institute. In early 1926, he found blood in his urine and went to Peking Union Medical College Hospital for examination and was diagnosed with a kidney disease. During the nephrectomy operation on March 16, 1926, the nurse on duty marked the diseased kidney in the wrong position, causing the good kidney to be removed. He was accidentally removed. After that, he continued to have blood in his urine. On November 12, he could no longer work at his desk. He died of illness in Peking Union Medical College Hospital on January 19, 1929. A memorial service was held in Beijing and Shanghai with many participants.
Edit this paragraph's academic achievements
Liang Qichao has been involved in a wide range of academic research, and has made achievements in the fields of philosophy, literature, history, classics, law, ethics, religion and other fields. The most outstanding achievements in historical research. Liang Qichao was diligent and prolific throughout his life. In the past 36 years, and with political activities taking up a lot of time, he wrote an average of 390,000 words per year, and more than 14 million words of various writings. He has many collections of works published, among which "The Ice Drinking Room Collection" published on September 11, 1936 is the most complete. "The Ice Drinking Room Collection" totals 148 volumes and more than 10 million words. From 1901 to 1902, he wrote "Narrative of Chinese History" and "New Historiography" successively, criticizing feudal historiography and launching a "historical revolution".
After returning from his trip to Europe, he devoted his main energy to cultural education and academic research activities, focusing on pre-Qin scholars, Qing Dynasty scholarship, history and Buddhism. He started teaching part-time at Tsinghua School in 1922. In 1925, he was appointed as a tutor at the Tsinghua Institute of Chinese Studies. His scope of guidance included "Philosophers", "History of Chinese Buddhism", "Academic History of the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties", "Academic History of the Qing Dynasty", "Chinese Literature", "History of Chinese Philosophy", "History of China", "Historical Research Methods", "Confucian Philosophy", "History of East-West Exchange", etc. During this period, he wrote "Introduction to Academics in the Qing Dynasty", "Mozi's Cases", "Research Methods of Chinese History", "Academic History of China in the Past Three Hundred Years", "The Love Sage Du Fu", "Research on Qu Yuan", "Pre-Qin Political Thought" "History", "Chinese Cultural History", "General Discussion on Reform", etc. Liang Qichao introduced Western culture and new literary concepts in literary theory, and initiated the innovation of various literary styles in modern times. There are also many achievements in literary creation. Liang Qichao's calligraphy life
[1]: There are works in prose, poetry, novels, opera and translated literature, among which prose has the greatest influence. Liang Qichao's writing style is known as "New Style" in the world. This "new style" with the style of "tactician literature" became the most popular and imitated style before the May Fourth Movement, and it is still worth learning and researching today. Liang Qichao wrote "The Influence of the Russian Revolution" in 1905. The article begins with short and urgent words, like rocks cracking and magma spewing: "The lights are out, the gas is exhausted, the docks are stopped, the iron ore is cleared, the wires are cut, the railways are dug, the military The factory burns, the newspaper office rests, the dagger appears, the bomb explodes, the queen escapes, the chariot hub is jammed, the police show off, the soldiers gather, the sun goes out, the fields are filled with blood, flying lightning kills the eyes, the whole world is talking, in the play, in the Russian revolution! Therefore, the only autocratic country on earth is not immune to the great revolution!" Then, it analyzes it under the headings of "Causes of Revolution", "Motives and Policies of Revolution", "The Future of Revolution", and "Influence of Revolution". Every detail is perfect. No wonder Hu Shi said: "Mr. Liang's articles...make readers have to follow him and think along with him!" In terms of calligraphy art, Liang Qichao studied Ouyang Xun in his early years, and later studied from Kang Youwei, and he was a master of inscriptions in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties.
Edit the list of works in this paragraph
"Young China on the General Trend of National Competition in Modern Times and China's Future" "Dedication and Happy Industry" "Chinese History Research Methods" "China's Nearly Three Hundred Years "Year Academic History" "Xin Min Shuo" "The Master of the Ice Drinking Room Narrated" "History of Chinese Culture" "The Complete Works of the Master of the Ice Drinking Room" "The Biography of Li Hongzhang" "The Biography of Zeng Guofan" "The Collection of the Ice Drinking Room" "Selected Works of Liang Qichao" "Research on Chinese History" "Supplement to Laws" "Collection of Tang Dynasty Gatherings and Study of Poets" A general discussion on reforms from the preface to the harms of unchanged laws. On the harms of reforms without knowing the origin. Continued essay on the harms of reforms without knowing the origins. The society's press library is beneficial to the state affairs of China, which is weak. Because of the prevention of malpractice, the theory of the evolution of monarchy and civil government, the explanation of what should be done in Hunan, the bystander's article, the theory of tracing the origin of China's weakness (excerpt), the constitution, the discussion on the changes in national thought, the similarities and differences, the book list of Western studies, the preface, the establishment of a female school, the beginning of Hunan Notes of the School of Current Affairs (Excerpts) Success and Failure of Heroes and Current Affairs and the Three Worlds of Literary Affairs. An Ancient Council Examination of the Bibliographic List of Western Studies. Quotes for Nourishing the Heart in the Preface to National Power and Civil Rights Lectures and Questions and Answers of the School of Current Affairs in Hunan (Excerpts) My thoughts on the past and future of the world of speech. Liang Rengong's conversation with a reporter from a British newspaper; a speech at a public school in China; a speech on human rights and women's rights; a study of the saint Du Fu and Qu Yuan; a collection of farewell letters to Wang Kang and Mr. Yan Youling; a letter to Kang Youwei; a letter to Kang Youwei (1900); three letters to Sun Yat-sen; A letter to Kang Youwei (1902) A letter to Sun Yixian, a letter to Kang Youwei (1912) Poetry and prose: twenty-four poems from the Chronicle of the Bank of China, four poems written by Lu Fangweng, four heroic farewell poems from the Pacific Songs of the 20th Century, farewell to Liang Ren, Nan Han, Nooru Lu, and two poems by Lu Lang Taosha Congratulations to the Bridegroom Biography Category: The Six Gentlemen of the Reform Movement of 1898 The emotions expressed in the Chinese rhymes
Edit this section on taxation thoughts
Liang Qichao is one of the leaders of the Reform Movement of 1898, our country 19. A famous propaganda and agitator of the bourgeois reformists at the turn of the 20th century. He advocated that tax collection must be based on the principle of benefiting the people and implement a light tax and flat tax policy, and opposed the traditional view of "taxing to meet the people's needs" that competes with the people for profits. It pointed out that "Westerners must exempt things necessary for people's daily life from taxes to facilitate the people. China takes advantage of the people's urgency and imposes heavy taxes, such as the salt policy. There are also Westerners' good laws and good intentions, which are set up for the convenience of the people, while China It is regarded as a way to help people get rich, but if it is implemented, it will lead to harassment, which is the case with today's postal services." He proposed that we should follow the example of the United Kingdom in implementing a tax-level policy to facilitate and benefit the people and then strive to become rich and powerful. This is a view that puts economic development first and finance and taxation as its foundation. It was of positive significance to the development of China's capitalist industry and commerce at that time. Liang Qichao believed that public debt is also a kind of tax. The difference is that "taxation is directly levied on the present, while public debt is indirectly levied on the future." you". However, he admitted that public debt has a positive significance for economic construction. "Taxes can do their best for one time, but public debt will make it available many times." Therefore, he believes that although public debt increases the burden on future generations, it is also beneficial to future generations.
Edit this paragraph Liang’s former residence
Ice Drinking Room Liang Qichao’s former residence is located at No. 44 Minzu Road, Hebei District, Tianjin, and the Ice Drinking Room is located at No. 46 Hebei Road. These two houses were built by Liang Qichao in the early years of the Republic of China when he purchased the vacant land on West Malong Road in Zhou Guoxian's old concession. The residence on Minzu Road is an Italian-style two-story brick and wood structure building built in 1914. The main building has a cement exterior wall with floral decorations, a special-shaped red tile roof, high stone steps, and a construction area of ??1121 square meters; the study "ice drinking room" is a light gray two-story Western-style building built in 1924. The first floor is his study, and the second floor is his bedroom and reception area. Liang Qichao's later writings were all completed here. The "Ice Drinking Room" was specially designed by the Italian architect Belonio, with a unique and elegant shape. The construction area is 949.50 square meters. ------Wang Zhihong
Beigou Yanhutong belongs to the Beixinqiao area of ??Dongcheng District, and is located in the west of Dongzhimen South Street. The hutong connects Daju Hutong and Dongsishisi Tiao from north to south, and is more than 300 meters long. In the Ming Dynasty, it was called "Xuefang Hutong"; in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, it was called "Guanxue Hutong", and in the Xuantong period it was called "Beigouyan". It was named because the hutong was close to a ditch; in 1949, it was called "Beigouyan Hutong". It was renamed "Hongdu Hutong" and later "Beigouyan Hutong". Now the west side of the hutong is connected to Xintaicang No. 2 Lane, and there are two branch lanes on the east side leading to Xiaoju Hutong. No. 23, Beigouyan Hutong. The old house number was No. 13, Beigouyan. It is on the west side of the southern section of the hutong, covering an area of ??3,752 square meters, and the street gate faces east. The street gate is a house-style street gate called "Western Gate"①. There is a "one-character screen wall" inside and outside the street gate, showing the owner's extraordinary identity. Although from an architectural point of view, the "screen wall" opposite the gate, also known as the "screen wall", not only blocks the messy cornice of the wall opposite the gate, but also serves as a view of the house door. However, building a screen wall on the other side of the alley, relying on other people's homesteads, or occupying public land in the alley, how can we build it as we please! Therefore, the houses with "one-character screen wall" built outside the door that can be seen in Beijing now were either royal palaces, government offices, or official residences. In short, they were residences for people with the "official" surname, not civilian residences. . Chinese characters express meaning. "There is someone in the frame" means "prisoner"; "I live in the middle of the hang (road)" means "yamen". Since the screen wall outside the door is the opposite view of the house door, then the road in front of the door naturally has a ownership relationship with the house. The screen wall outside the door clearly warns pedestrians: no one is allowed to stay in front of this door, let alone make any noise. Liang Qichao served as the Chief Justice and the Chief Financial Officer of the Beiyang Government. His status as a government official was commensurate with the specifications of this house. According to the 1951 housing survey registration, the main buildings of the courtyard are concentrated in the southern half, which are two three-entry courtyards juxtaposed to the east and west. The east is the residence and the west is the flower hall; the northern half accounts for about two-fifths of the entire courtyard. , is a garden-style backyard with prosperous trees, rockery, and pavilion; the backyard has an east-facing through-wall door, which is the back door of the entire courtyard. The hospital has 129 houses, pavilions, pavilions and other buildings, with a construction area of ??1,535 square meters, including 47 tile-roofed houses with handrails, 3 open pavilions, 21 verandas, 4 underground cellars, and air-raid shelters. 1, 1 pavilion. The specific layout of the courtyard is: On the north side of the house gate is a stretch of east rooms, with 11 rooms, which should be the reception room (transportation room), garage, guard and handyman rooms, and the third room from south to north. The back wall of the east room has a door facing the street, which is a "garage door". The specific layout of the courtyard is: when you enter the house gate, you are faced with a "one-character screen wall". Go north and pass through the "Hanging Flower Gate" facing east and west to enter the first courtyard of the east courtyard; There are 5 rooms each in the north room and the north room. The north room is the waist hall, that is, the middle room is the passage connecting the front and backyard; the second courtyard in the east courtyard is a tile-roofed house with a hand-painted corridor, with 3 main rooms and 2 side rooms. There are three rooms in the east and west wings; there are only seven back rooms in the third courtyard of the east courtyard. The West Courtyard, which is juxtaposed with the East Courtyard, is a leisure area. It is customarily called the "Western Flower Hall" and is also the third courtyard. From south to north, there are: the first courtyard, which is composed of rockery and stacked stones and three open pavilions. It consists of a pavilion and three main rooms, a second courtyard connected by a circular verandah, and a third courtyard consisting of two east and west wing rooms and a flat-roofed verandah. No. 23 Beigouyan Hutong is now a work unit dormitory. The main buildings in the hospital at that time still exist, but they are in dilapidated condition. Due to the renovation and expansion projects carried out to solve the problem of employee housing and the self-built houses of the residents, it is difficult to find the former days of the hospital. Style. On January 21, 1986, the Dongcheng District People's Government designated No. 23 Beigouyan Hutong as the "Former Residence of Liang Qichao" and announced it as a "Dongcheng District Cultural Relics Protection Unit". Note: ① Western doors are the product of Western architectural culture introduced to China after the mid-Qing Dynasty and integrated with traditional Chinese architectural culture. They are also commonly used in courtyards in Beijing. ② The hanging flower door is often used as the second door in mansions and courtyard buildings, and plays a role in connecting and separating the inner house and the outer house.
Reference materials: "The Biography of Liang Qichao" (written by Wu Qichang, Baihua Literature and Art Publishing House), "Selected Commentaries on the Times in the Ten Years Before the Revolution of 1911" (edited by Zhang Wangrenzhi, Sanlian Bookstore), "New Chapters of Shishuo" (written by Huang Miaozi, Sanlian Bookstore) Bookstore) "Liang's New Style Swirling up a Huge Whirlwind" (written by Xia Xiaohong in "Beijing Daily") "Liang Qichao Defends Western Medicine" (written by Zhang Jianwei in "Yangcheng Evening News")
Edit this paragraph to mark the times< /p>
Every young person who yearns for great times and great achievements likes to regard their own era as a turning era. They all like to quote Charles Dickens’s words about France after the Revolution – “This is the most "The good era is also the worst era." They all like to use chaos to describe their own era, and they are all eager to sort out the context of this "chaotic era" or record this "chaotic era". From a historical perspective, there are not many young people who have truly experienced the chaotic era and have been written into history because of their actions in the chaotic era. What is even more sad is that this list will still be included in the list for some reasons. Sometimes some people are left out. In my opinion, Liang Qichao is just such a person who has the qualities of many great figures but has been ignored by the times to a certain extent. What first aroused my curiosity about Liang Qichao was while reading "The Cambridge History of China in the Late Qing Dynasty" and some books recording Chinese intellectuals and China's destiny. In "The Cambridge History of China in the Late Qing Dynasty", I was surprised to find that Liang Qichao, who we used to describe only as a "reformist", had a name that appeared more frequently than any other emperor or powerful official in this history. high. The era Liang Qichao lived in was a truly chaotic era. In "The Biography of Liang Qichao" written by Liang Qichao's student Wu Qichang, Liang, a student who died young, devoted a chapter to writing about China before Liang Qichao was born: This was a country troubled by natural and man-made disasters, internal and external troubles, and everyone seemed to be They are willing to be slaves of an old and decaying empire. Civilians take it as a commandment not to talk about national affairs. What the government presents to future generations is corruption and incompetence. Externally, they only hope that compromise can bring short-term peace. Internally, they are planning to fight against the private sector that emerged after the Westernization Movement. Entrepreneurs competed for wealth, and the Prime Minister's Office, the center of the Westernization Movement, was called "a bastard plus a third level" at the time. Liang Qichao's former residence in Tianjin
Our history textbooks never skimp on pen and ink when describing this humiliating history, which will make any further description of my story redundant. I think Mr. Wu Qichang’s high praise for his teacher may be something we can’t see in history textbooks. He compared Liang Qichao’s contribution to modern China with Sun Yat-sen, “He (Liang Qichao) himself acknowledged the contribution of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang. In the public opinion of future generations, his courage, spirit, and prestige are actually ten thousand times higher than those of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang." Liang Qichao is a figure who fully meets our definition of genius: he learned the Five Classics at the age of six and was able to write a thousand-word article at the age of nine. In ancient China, I believe these two things were as difficult as today's children learning a foreign language at the age of nine. The difficulty is not much different. Liang Qichao's feat of being selected as a scholar at the age of 12 and as a scholar at the age of 17 seems to be more difficult than the Chinese Harvard boy who is astonishing today. When he passed the examination, the examiner thought that Liang Qichao was "unparalleled in the country", so he broke the shackles of family status and betrothed his cousin to Liang Qichao as his wife. This was the highest courtesy in ancient China to express appreciation for a person. The Reform Movement of 1898 made Liang Qichao and his teacher Kang Youwei famous all over the world. In the eyes of foreigners at the time, "Liang Qichao was a rare noble man in China and a scholar-official who enthusiastically planned the fundamental transformation of the Beijing government." After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, Ito Hirobumi, who was staying in China at the time, said to Hayashi Kensuke, the Japanese minister to China: "This young man named Liang is an extraordinary guy! What an admirable guy... Save him, and let him Escape to Japan! I will help him when I get to Japan. This young man Liang is a precious soul to China!" After that, this young man was often regarded as China's new political and intellectual leader during his exile in Japan and Europe. Liang Qichao was 26 years old at the time. However, Liang Qichao's political glory did not end with the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898 as recorded in the textbooks, or he became a person of the past like his teacher Kang Youwei. When Liang Qichao was in Japan, he had frequent contacts with Sun Yat-sen, who was also in exile in Japan. It is said that many overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia and important Japanese ministers were introduced to Sun Yat-sen by Liang Qichao. It is conceivable that Sun Yat-sen's reputation at the time was naturally incomparable with Liang Qichao. At this time, the differences between Liang Qichao and Kang Youwei were getting bigger and bigger. Despite this, Liang Qichao took Kang Youwei into consideration and did not give too much support to the revolutionaries. Another brilliance of Liang Qichao came from one of his articles. Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor. At this time, Liang Qichao was no longer the reformist he used to be. His travels in Europe and America and his study of the history of Western countries gave him the impression that those who proclaimed themselves emperor would perish. So Liang Qichao, who was good at writing, wrote an article called "What a So-Called Person with Problems with the State System". After Yuan Shikai got the news, he sent someone to send a 200,000 yuan banknote to Liang Qichao to wish Liang Qichao's father a birthday. In exchange, this article must not be published. . Liang Qichao returned the banknote. Yuan Shikai sent someone to tell Liang Qichao again that Mr. Liang had been in exile overseas for more than ten years, and he didn't know the hardships he suffered, so why should he seek hardships again? Liang Qichao replied, I have enough experience in running for my life and I would rather escape than live in the dirty air.
Drinking Ice Room
Liang Qichao also played an important role in another anti-imperialist movement, that is, against Zhang Xun's restoration. But this time also meant his complete break with the reformists. Zhou Shanpei advised Liang Qichao: "There are things you should do yourself, and there are things you should let others do. To fight against Yuan, the revolutionary party should do it, and we should do it too; to fight for Zhang's restoration, we should only let the revolutionary party do it, not us." Kang Youwei was on the side of restoration. Liang Qichao and Kang Youwei broke up from then on. Kang Youwei scolded Liang Qichao as "Liang Qichao, the thief" in front of Liang Qichao's students, and called Liang Qichao after the monster in ancient Chinese literature that eats his father and his mother. As for Liang Qichao's status in Chinese journalism, some journalism scholars have long compared him with Walter Lippmann. Not to mention his talent, Liang's reform of Chinese style is considered one of his greatest contributions. Perhaps we can also call this a revolution in expression? Zhou Shanpei thought it was a pity that Liang Qichao was too literary. He was used to writing newspaper articles, but his articles only sought to impress people, "China's long-sleeping people were awakened by your pen", but he did not have the energy to write true stories. A master-level work. The death of Liang Qichao, who has long been considered a conservative by us, makes a mockery of our ability to judge the limitations of history. In his later years, Liang Qichao went to Union Medical College Hospital for medical treatment. The doctor diagnosed that his kidney was ulcerated and had to be cut out. Unfortunately, a possible mistake of modern medicine occurred. The surgeon cut out Liang Qichao's healthy kidney but left a festering one. As a result, "the public was indignant, public opinion criticized, and the society expressed dissatisfaction with Union Medical College Hospital and its attending doctors." Liang Qichao was worried that this incident would affect the development of new medicine in China, so he even wrote an article in his bed to defend Union Medical College Hospital and its doctors. Finally, Liang Qichao promised to donate his brain to the hospital after his death.
Edit this paragraph Liang’s anecdote
Frankness and sincerity
Introduction to the life of Liang Qichao
Qichao was a student and disciple of Kang Youwei , assistant, but they still parted ways; Liang Qichao cooperated with Sun Yat-sen and also opposed him; he supported Yuan Shikai and also opposed Yuan Shikai. In this regard, Liang Qichao said: "This is by no means a battle of wills or a struggle for power, but is determined by my central idea and consistent proposition. What is my central idea? It is patriotism. What is my consistent stance? ? It is to save the country. "Know that I have sinned and let future generations judge me. I, Liang Qichao, am just such a person." Historians in ancient China did not hesitate to behead their heads in order to leave a "faithful history" for future generations: Liang Qichao resolutely refused Yuan Shikai's bribery, and wrote "The Question of the Strange State System" which exposed the thieves who restored the feudal monarchy. On the seventh day of the seventh lunar month in 1925, Xu Zhimo and Lu Xiaoman got married, and Liang Qichao was invited to attend the wedding. Liang Qichao opposed their love affair between "making the king have a wife" and "Luo Fu having a husband", and also advised Xu Zhimo; due to the relationship between Xu Zhimo's father and Hu Shi, Liang Qichao agreed to attend the wedding ceremony. But at the wedding, Liang Qichao sternly reprimanded Xu Zhimo and Lu Xiaoman for their insincerity, which made the guests in the hall stunned. Liang Qichao
It was dumbfounded. Xu Zhimo had to beg: "Sir, please save some face for the students." Liang Qichao was sincerely tolerant. On March 8, 1926, Liang Qichao was admitted to Union Medical College Hospital due to hematuria. After fluoroscopy, it was found that his right kidney was a little black and was diagnosed as a tumor. After the operation, although there was a cherry-sized mass in the right kidney after the dissection, it was not a malignant tumor. However, Liang Qichao still had blood in his urine, and the cause of the disease could not be found, so he was re-diagnosed as "unexplained hemorrhage." There was an uproar in public opinion, pointing the finger at Union Medical College Hospital, mocking Western medicine for "using patients as experiments or specimens." This is the sensational case of "Liang Qichao was cut on the wrong side of the waist by Western medicine". Liang Qichao resolutely published an article "My Disease and Union Medical College Hospital" in the "Morning News", publicly defending Union Medical College Hospital and stating: "I hope that the society will not use my illness as an excuse to give birth to a reactionary weird theory. , which is an obstacle to the future progress of Chinese medicine." Liang Qichao is sincerely funny. Huang Miaozi wrote "The New Chapter of Shishuo", which includes "Preface written by Liang Qichao". The article says: "Mr. Jiang Baili is a famous military strategist, but he also made great contributions to culture. After he returned from Germany, he wrote a foreign poem Liang Qichao greatly appreciated Wan Yan's "History of the European Renaissance" after reading it, and Jiang asked Liang Wen to write a preface for the book. Unexpectedly, Liang Wen was so full of thoughts that the preface was also 50,000 words long. He felt embarrassed, so he added a short preface. Instead, the long preface was changed to a book for publication, and Jiang Baili was asked to write a preface." (Excerpted from "Application Writing") Commemorating Liang Qichao's two "slaps"
Zhang Taiyan once In the Exegetical Jingshe in Hangzhou, he studied under Yu Yue, a master of Confucian classics who specialized in simple studies (Yu Yue was the grandfather of the later famous scholar Yu Pingbo). The sound of artillery fire during the Sino-Japanese War in 1894 awakened the young Zhang Taiyan from his old memories. In the same year, Kang Youwei, the director of "Let's Write on the Bus" became famous because of it. The following year, the radical Zhang Taiyan sent 16 yuan from Hangzhou to join the Qiang Society founded by Kang Youwei in Shanghai. During his stay in Shanghai, he met many people in the reform circles, such as Tan Sitong and Tang Cichang, and was fortunate enough to get to know Kang Youwei. The chief disciple was Liang Qichao, who later had a heated argument with him. Zhang Taiyan, who is good at pen and ink, once served as editor of the reformist newspaper "Current Affairs" chaired by Liang Qichao.
However, Zhang Taiyan soon published many articles against the Manchu Qing Dynasty. Liang Qichao followed his teacher's wishes and refused to publish them. Zhang was dissatisfied with this. Later, conflicts arose because of his different views on Confucianism. Kang Youwei thought highly of himself and compared Confucius to Confucius. As King Su, he called himself Chang Su, that is, he was better than Confucius. Most of his disciples called themselves Chaohui, Zhici, Shengcan, etc., claiming that their level was better than that of Yan Hui and Zeng Shen. Zhang Taiyan couldn't stand it, and he drank several glasses of wine a day. He told everyone, "How can the so-called Chang Su Nai wear his clothes to worship a prisoner?" This statement led to a physical conflict with the Kangliang disciples. Liang Qichao led several people to Zhang's office to question the crime. Zhang Taiyan became angry and slapped Liang Qichao twice. Everyone The scuffle broke up. Once Liang Qichao followed Kang Youwei to flee Japan, and Sun Yat-sen happened to be there. Sun Yat-sen thought that Kang and Liang were also oppressed by the Manchus. After this tragic disaster, he should be able to reflect on himself, so he asked someone to meet him. However, Kang Youwei and others insisted on thinking of the "people of the Qing Dynasty" and wanted to protect Emperor Guangxu to the death. They regarded Sun Yat-sen as a rebellious party and refused to cooperate. However, as Sun Yat-sen's anti-Manchu ideas became more and more influential among Japanese Chinese, Kang Youwei wanted to win over him. Sun Yat-sen's subordinates sent Liang Qichao and others to discuss cooperation, but Liang and others asked Sun Yat-sen to give up his original ideas and join their so-called King Qin Movement. Liang lured Sun Yat-sen, Chen Shaobai and others to their lair, and suddenly put out an incense table to sacrifice the so-called Guangxu. Chen Shaobai was furious, grabbed Liang Qichao by the collar, raised his left arm and slapped him in the face, causing Liang to stagger a few steps and almost fall. He fell down, then kicked the incense table and tore his clothes to pieces, saying, "I am a descendant of the Yan and Huang Dynasties. How can I be a slave and worship this clown? It is despicable that you are willing to be slaves of Manchuria!" Everyone in the Kang party retreated in fright.
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Ancestors and parents
Liang Qichao’s ancestral home is Chakeng Village, Xiongzi Township, Xinhui County, Guangdong Province. The ancestors of the Liang family were refugees who fled south from the Central Plains. Before Liang Qichao's great-grandfather, the Liang family had been farming for generations. Liang Qichao's grandfather was named Jingquan, a scholar; his grandmother was named Li. Liang Qichao's father, named Lianjian, was also a scholar and taught in the countryside; Liang Qichao's mother was Zhao.