In the middle of the 12th century, poets (mostly figures of feudal aristocratic knights) rose in Germany. By the 14th to 16th century, famous singers based on citizens' guilds appeared in Germany, which can be said to be the continuation of aristocratic poets. Famous singers are composed of businessmen and craftsmen in the city, and the organizers are craftsmen's guilds. Members are divided into different levels according to strict rules: artists, schoolmates, singers, poets, famous artists and so on, which are often obtained after frequent competitions. Later, in Wagner's famous opera "The Famous Singer of Nuremberg", the famous singer was vividly described.
A famous singer had declined in the 17th century, and her school, Ulm School, was dissolved in 1839, and her successor died in 1876.
In the first half of the 13th century, under the rule of Friedlich II, who loved poetry, a large number of French bard came to Italy, thus under the inspiration of Provence art, the lyric tradition of Italian music was greatly developed, and a national secular culture completely different from Roman church music was formed.
hans sachs (1494 ~ 1576)