2. Understand the meaning of words in poetry.
3. Appreciate the image, language and expressive skills of poetry.
4. Evaluate the ideological content of literary works and the author's viewpoint and attitude.
Analysis of the present situation Many candidates complain that ancient poems are difficult to read or even understand, and they are afraid of difficulties or give up when reading and appreciating ancient poems, which is not conducive to comprehensively improving Chinese literacy. In view of this, this lesson starts with how to read poems, teaches students the methods of interpreting ancient poems and grasps the key to interpreting ancient poems.
The teaching goal is to learn how to read ancient poems and help students find the key to reading poems.
Teaching focuses on how to read poetry from two levels.
Teaching Difficulties: How to Understand the Deep Meaning of Poetry?
Teaching methods: discussion and appreciation.
Multimedia teaching method.
The teaching suggestions on "how to read ancient poems" have strong operability. It is suggested that teachers should put the method into concrete poetry appreciation and conduct demonstration operation, so that students can understand the essentials of the method and learn to operate independently while watching the teacher's demonstration operation.
Class arrangement 1 class hour
teaching process
First, import
Students often complain that they can't read ancient poems, are afraid to read them, and even give up reading them. In fact, "can't read" is not the reason why we don't read poetry. We don't understand, often because we can't read, but because we don't know how to read ancient poems. When we master certain methods, I believe that the problem of "unable to read" will be solved.
Second, the teaching content
(A) the four links of poetry preparation
Knowledge-Understanding-Appreciation-Expression
1, knowledge includes images, language, skills, ideological content and common sense of ancient poetry.
2 "Reading" in the position of the four links
(1) Reading is the comprehensive application of knowledge.
(2) Reading is the basis of appreciation and expression.
(2) First of all, how to "understand"?
1, understand the superficial meaning (can translate the general idea: time, place, people, things, scenery)
2. Understand the deep meaning, including what artistic conception (image, atmosphere) is written, what emotions (mood, mood) are expressed, and what thoughts (attitudes, opinions) are reflected.
(c) Teaching how to read poetry.
1, what do you mean by shallow meaning?
(1) Fill in the contents-omit the subject, object, adverbial, interlanguage, etc. In poetry;
(2) Adjust the word order-verb inversion, adverbial postposition, prepositional object, etc.
(3) Syntactic integration-conjunctions are generally translated into sentences with relatively complete meanings.
class exercise
Understand the shallow meaning of the following two ancient poems.
Example 1:
Bai Yong begonia
Xue Baochai
Xifangzi hid the door during the day,
Holding the urn in hand, pouring it into the moss basin.
Rouge washes away the autumn shadows,
Ice and snow attract dew to build souls.
A flower is more beautiful when it is pale,
There is no trace of jade in sorrow.
If you want to pay the cleaning fee to Bai Di,
Tingting fainted without saying a word.
Reference: (1) Cherish and value the beautiful appearance of (Bai Haitang). During the day, I closed the door and went out.
I personally watered Bai Haitang with a hand jar. Bai Haitang (who just poured water) reflected on the autumn steps like washing away rouge; Draw an ice-like elf on the steps covered with dew. Elegant to the extreme, I know that begonia flowers are more delicate, how can they be as sad as jade without tears? (Begonia flower) wants to repay the rain and dew in Bai Di, just by virtue of its clarity and whiteness, (but it just) stands there quietly until dusk.
Example 2:
Bai Yong begonia
Lin Daiyu
Half-rolled curtains and half-closed doors,
Grind ice into soil and jade into pots.
Stealing pears is three cents,
Borrow a plum blossom soul.
The fairy in the moon cave sews clothes,
In my heart, autumn women always wipe away the traces of crying.
Who is shy and silent?
Tired of leaning against the west wind, the night has fainted.
Reference: (I) half rolled up the door curtain, half closed the door, (looking at the white begonia), (I think it's time) crushed ice cubes to make soil for it and made pots for it with jade. Stealing pear blossoms is like stealing a wisp of plum blossoms. Bai Haitang (in front of me) looks like a fairy sewing white clothes in the moon palace and a sad girl wiping tears in the boudoir in autumn. I'm tired of leaning in the west wind at night, shy and speechless. Who can I talk to (where is my heart? )
2. How to understand the deep meaning?
(1) contact information and try to figure out the language can be started from the following aspects:
Title, notes, poet's life, allusions; Image language, emotional language, first and last sentences.
Example 1: Dai Fugu's "jiangyin floating far hall": "bird's-eye view of the river flowing from henggang, Wan Li is worried in front of the floating far hall. The most bitter thing is that there is no mountain to cover your eyes, and Huainan is extremely eye-catching. "
Note: Dai Fugu, Zi Shiping, was a poet in the late Southern Song Dynasty.
(Emotional language, comments)
Example 2: Du Fu's poem: "Flying around, what am I, but in the vast world, sandpiper! . "(poet's life, image language, ending sentence)
Example 3: Cui Hao's poem: "But I look at home, and the twilight is getting darker? There is a sad mist on the river waves. " (image language, emotional language)
(2) Reproduce the situation and experience the body.
Through association and imagination, we can reproduce the poetic situation, and put ourselves in this situation to experience and feel its artistic conception and emotion.
(3) screen words and determine the content
Confirm the deep meaning of the poem through the links of related keywords such as artistic conception, emotion, thought and attitude.
class exercise
Further understand the deep meaning of Xue and Lin's Ode (underlined part is the key word).
Bai Yong begonia
Xue Baochai
Xifangzi hid the door during the day,
Holding the urn in hand, pouring it into the moss basin.
Rouge washes away the autumn shadows,
Ice and snow attract the soul.
A flower is more beautiful when it is pale,
There is no trace of jade in sorrow.
If you want to pay the cleaning fee to Bai Di,
Tingting fainted without saying a word.
This poem deliberately combines Bai Haitang with himself, depicting people with flowers, and reflects Xue Baochai's inner world which is proud of being steady, dignified, elegant, quiet and clean. )
Bai Yong begonia
Lin Daiyu
Half-rolled curtains and half-closed doors,
Grind ice into soil and jade into pots.
Stealing pears is three cents,
Borrow a plum blossom soul.
The fairy in the moon cave sews clothes,
In my heart, autumn women always wipe away the traces of crying.
Who is shy and silent?
Tired of leaning against the west wind, the night has fainted.
The flowerpot in the poem, the white sea pond flower, and the girl whose autumn is always in my heart are all selfies. The images of chic, noble, aloof and sad in the poem are the embodiment of Lin Daiyu's ideological character. Like Baochai's Bai Haitang's poems, they all express themselves in poems, but the truth of Daiyu and Baochai's affectation show completely different characteristics. )
(4) Summary of methods
How to read poetry
1, a brief understanding
(1) fill in the content, (2) adjust the word order, and (3) integrate the sentence meaning.
Step 2 understand the deep meaning
(1) contact information, trying to figure out the language; (2) Reproduce situations and experiences; (3) screen words and determine the content.
(5) Small test knife
Please interpret the following ancient poem from two levels.
Hearing the wind from the bamboo window, he sent a wonderful method to find Uncle Sikong.
Li yi
Sitting in the evening breeze,
Take your time thinking.
Open the door, move the bamboo,
Suspicion is an old friend.
When the branches drip,
Slightly moss.
When you enter Sapporo,
Because playing the pipa.
[Note] Miao Fa and Si Kongshu are Li Yi's poetry friends.
involve
Shallow meaning: In the evening, a breeze blew and woke me up from my meditation. My thoughts drifted away when I approached the window. (The wind) blew the door and bamboo. I thought it was an old friend (coming to see me). (Wind) Blows off the dew on the bamboo branches, and the dew drops on the moss under the stone steps. (The wind) should open the curtains and come in and brush the dust off the green harp for me.
Deep meaning needs to understand the following points:
1, this is a poem that misses people far away; 2. The two poems "When the branches are exposed, the hair is slightly stained" render a cold and quiet atmosphere. 3. This poem expresses the poet's lonely mood and his yearning for his old friend through the image of the breeze.
(6) Learning suggestions
1. "Reading" is a comprehensive intellectual activity. You should learn to read step by step first, and then rise to comprehensive reading.
2. To truly understand poetry, the method is not omnipotent, but reading more and understanding more is the key.
3. Do poetry appreciation questions during this time, don't be busy answering questions, and consciously put reading poetry first.
Third, homework: