[Keywords:] Li Bai sleepwalking Tianmu teaching objectives teaching content literature appreciation
In the first year of Tianbao, Li Bai sang "Going out and laughing in the sky, are we Artemisia people?" However, his unrealistic fantasy of "helping the world and the people" and "retiring after success" was shattered by the short-term sacrifice of Hanlin and the cold-blooded exclusion of dignitaries. In the third year of Tianbao, Li Bai was expelled from Chang 'an by Xuanzong for "paying back the money" and had to leave Beijing and return to his hometown in Donglu. For Li Bai, who is over 30 years old, the pain of going from full of hope to nothing is unbearable. However, Li Bai's bohemian attitude towards life and romantic poetic style are always integrated. When he decided to set foot on the journey of roaming wuyue again, he left the world an excellent poem "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream". How to deeply understand Li Bai's free, independent, arrogant and unyielding free and easy personality, straightforward, bold and elegant romantic poetry, and how to concentrate on appreciating the "classic taste" of this poem have become the core of this teaching.
First, determine the teaching objectives and reconstruct the teaching content.
In order to achieve "inside" and "outside" literary appreciation, and constantly improve artistic sensibility, it is necessary to solve the problems of "teaching textbooks" and "teaching with textbooks". "Textbook" refers to the Chinese literacy goal stipulated in the Chinese curriculum standard, and it should guide students to understand and absorb the content and spirit of the textbook to the maximum extent; "Teaching with textbooks" reflects the specific teaching content of "what to teach" from the content level of Chinese textbooks, which is based on students' analysis and understanding of the deepening of the content of textbooks. Babanski said, "It is the purpose and content of teaching that' chooses' the method, not the other way around." [1] Excellent Chinese teachers will make great efforts to ponder and study the content of the text before class, creatively formulate appropriate and moderate teaching objectives and contents, and provide students with a broad understanding space, so as to choose teaching methods from the perspective of teaching objectives and contents, which is not only conducive to the practical application of the concept of Chinese curriculum standards in the classroom, but also conducive to a more concentrated and effective teaching dialogue with students.
Li Bai's Dream on Mount Tianmu is a poem about dreams and immortals. The author described his fantasy experience of "sleepwalking in Tianmu" with extremely exaggerated and romantic brushstrokes, releasing a strong tendency to pursue freedom, which can be called a classic handed down from generation to generation. From the perspective of literary appreciation, on the one hand, through repeated reading and imagination, we can get visual enjoyment, thus arousing reading interest and desire; On the one hand, we can read key poems through in-depth dialogue and discussion, and have a deep and unique understanding of the works. The whole teaching process aims to gradually appreciate the three peaks of Tianmu Mountain, romanticism and arrogant personality in poetry, and to some extent, to carry out artistic re-creation activities. Among them, the focus of teaching is to ponder and taste Li Bai's "bold exaggeration" and "magnificent imagination", to read the magnificence of "Tianmu Mountain", to appreciate Li Bai's bold and elegant romantic poetry style through the feeling of "dream", to stimulate readers' sensitive hearts and surging passions, and to communicate and sing aesthetically with the text and the author, so as to deeply explore the relationship between the form and theme of sleepwalking.
The Chinese curriculum standard points out that "on the basis of reading through the text, we should clear our minds, understand and analyze the main contents, and appreciate and scrutinize the significance and role of important words in the language environment." In order to achieve the established teaching objectives, it is not allowed to randomly select a certain point or a certain segment of the textbook to organize teaching, but to reorganize and design the teaching content as a whole. The course of Tianmu Mountain in my dream is to climb three peaks. First, we look up at Tianmu Mountain across the sky through reading. Secondly, we feel the grand dream through reading. Third, we combine the background of the work and enter the depths of the broad and free soul. In this way, the teaching content can be rooted between the lines, the teaching objectives can be hidden in the process, and students can naturally understand the image and connotation of the three peaks at the end of this class.
Second, taste poetic language and appreciate aesthetic artistic conception.
Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream is an excellent literary work with strong image and appeal. In superb language description, how to stimulate imagination, arouse association and let students recreate the image in their minds requires Chinese teachers to create reasonable teaching situations and realize ideal teaching. Mr. Lu Xun pointed out in the Outline of China Literature History that Chinese "has three beauties: the beauty of meaning is based on emotion, and the first is also; The beauty of sound, the sensitivity of ears, the second; The beauty of form lies in the sense of eyes, and the three are also "[2]. Artistic sensibility is mainly reflected in the ability to perceive language. In the teaching process, we need to grasp the "three beauties of language" to help students taste the special beauty of Chinese and enjoy the vivid and sensible artistic image and artistic conception.
At the beginning of the work, "A sailing tourist can speak Japan" is the foreshadowing, which sets off the mysterious color of Tianmu Mountain. So, what kind of mountain is Tianmu Mountain described by Li Bai? We can grasp the words such as "horizontal", "pull", "cover" and "48,000 feet" in reading aloud, understand the magnificence of Tianmu Mountain in Li Bai's mind through comparison and reflection in extreme exaggeration and infinite imagination, and enrich and develop the magical and unrestrained natural landscape of Tianmu Mountain. Students can see which word best reflects the poet's mood when they read the dream of "flying over the mirror lake and the bright moon overnight". After students define the word "Fei", teachers can organize detailed teaching around the word "Fei" and ask students how the word "Fei" reflects the poet's state of mind, what is the correct word order of this sentence, and what is the moon like, so that students can associate and link the image world that "the moon has always been completely anthropomorphic in Li Bai's poems". Beautiful poems such as "White" and "Until I raise my cup, I ask the bright moon, bring me my shadow and make the three of us" let us realize the poetry of "The moon is Li Bai's friend and his confidant".
How to make students talk to the author in the process of reading requires Chinese teachers to take language interest as the core task, help students enter the specific situation constructed by the work, recite and restore the gaps and omissions in the work, read the invisible but full of charm from the "visible" words, and integrate the reader's emotions with the artistic conception of the work. In the reading teaching stage of "My heart and my dream are in Wu and Yue", it is necessary to help students understand poetry and songs, from the ethereal quietness and floating pleasure of "flying to the mirror lake" to the magnificent strangeness and ecstasy of "climbing the mountain", from the bizarre shock of "mountain scenery night" to the splendor and ecstasy of "fairy cave", and then gradually experience from moonlit night to red sun. In his sleepwalking, Li Bai saw the colorful and unpredictable image group, such as "Monkey on the Lake, Chicken on a Cloudy Day, Rock Xiong Long, Thunderbolt of Rain and Smoke, Rock Cave, Wind, Tiger and Fairy", which made every reader immersed in the beauty of trance for a while, then fell into danger and fear, and ushered in the luxury and unrestrained beauty in the process of being at a loss. However, looking back at the phrase "My heart and my dream are in Wu and Yue" before Li Bai went to sleep, people can't help wondering if this mythical world beyond reality is really Li Bai's dream. If Fang Bao is introduced to write that Tianmu Mountain is just "a hill without perceivable people" selected by Wang Xi, it should prompt students to start a dialogue between "old self" and "new self" and further realize that "sleepwalking" is the author's emotional wandering, spiritual wandering and spiritual wandering, and the information includes both things and feelings in the environment; There are both people in the environment and meanings in the environment. Through magnificent imagination and bold exaggeration, the poet created a romantic world of "flying over the mirror lake and the bright moon overnight" beyond reality; Through the taste of poetic language, readers will deeply appreciate the artistic charm of combining poetic landscape with the author's thoughts and feelings.
Activating Text Resources and Obtaining Teaching Spirit
"Chinese Curriculum Standard" points out that "we should pay attention to the influence of Chinese and the value orientation of teaching content." In the process of teaching, Chinese teachers need to link the teaching content with students' cognitive development, and locate the reasonable teaching value on the basis of fully considering the original value of the text, so that students can not only understand poetry works, but also develop aesthetic wisdom. In the teaching process of analyzing and interpreting Li Bai's Dream of Joy, flexible and witty teaching methods can be used to ask questions such as "Which words and phrases do you feel relaxed", "Do you think the word" pleasure "can be used to accurately summarize the mood in Li Bai's four sentences, such as" an impenetrable shadow, but now the sun and the moon shine on the golden platform "and" What other important discoveries and opinions "can be used to inspire and induce students to go deeper.
After enjoying the two peaks of Tianmu Mountain and Romanticism in Climbing in a Dream, we can show the students the following deep-seated question: Why did Li Bai write such a tall and majestic Tianmu Mountain in the form of a dream, and why did he bid farewell to the princes in eastern Shandong by depicting such a thrilling and dazzling dream? The design of this problem fully considers the relationship between the content of teaching materials and teaching value, which is not only the main idea of the work itself, but also the potential significance of teaching value. After the free sentence rhythm, rich image community and surging emotional personality of poetry, "Ah, how can I solemnly bow and scrape to those high-ranking officials who will never show their sincere faces" has had a strong impact. Sun Shaozhen said, "Poetry is not only the creation of language, but also the creation of poetic form; It is not only the creation of poetic form, but also the creation of personality. " [3] Li Bai broke through the shackles of language, strengthened the ups and downs in the strong language rhythm, pinned all his ideal pursuits on his dreams, and won the victory of personality in the romantic poetic style. "Literary discourse is an' internal' discourse, which points to the world of the work itself. It doesn't have to conform to the logic of real life, just need to be connected with the artistic world of the work. " [4] The language in literary works is a symbol of autonomy, and the dream in Tianmu Mountain in Dreams is the expression of Li Bai's strongest desire. When Li Bai falls heavily from the high clouds on the pillow of reality, he can still pin his pursuit of perfect life on the dream of "sleepwalking in heaven" and attach his feelings and spirit to life with the help of association. Even if the real world is so narrow, it is enough to overlook all the secularities, and to hold his grand and unrestrained heart and surging passion with magnificent imagination and free dreams. It originally has a free and independent soul in this romantic core. When the teacher shows the three peaks of Tianmu Mountain, romanticism and proud personality in the form of PPT, the teaching objectives and contents of the whole class will be clear at a glance, and the meaning of teaching will naturally arise inadvertently.
A good literary connoisseur should, on the one hand, experience and understand the deep feelings and secrets conveyed by the writer's works, on the other hand, expand his imagination, deeply understand and grasp the spirit and essence of his works, and complete the re-creation of his works. Dream on Mount Tianmu is a classic handed down from generation to generation. Through complicated psychological activities such as language, psychology and culture, we can appreciate Li Bai's fantastic dream, romantic poetic style and attitude towards life. Therefore, only through the dialogue and communication between the reading subject and the reading object can literary appreciation seek understanding and self-understanding, realize the "self-construction" of reading teaching, draw the spiritual source from the classic works to the maximum extent, and lay a solid spiritual foundation for students' life development.
References:
[1] babanski. The choice of teaching methods in middle schools [M]. Beijing: Education Science Press .2001.3.
[2] Lu Xun. Complete works of Lu Xun [M]. Beijing: People's Publishing House.
[3] Sun Shaozhen. Wandering under the moon: a microscopic analysis of classical poetry cases [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Education Press.2012: 69.
[4] Tong Qingbing. Literary aesthetic consciousness: a new probe into literary characteristics [M]. Beijing: Beijing Normal University Press.2011:180.