The first mode: (1) image questions
(a) the image, in poetry, that is, the image, is a combination of the poet's emotions "scenery, things, people", which often appears in the examination questions like this:
1, please briefly analyze the artistic image of ""created in the poem.
2. What kind of poet has this poem shaped?
3. What are the characteristics of the scenery in the poem? Please make a concrete analysis according to the content of the poem.
Problem-solving analysis: To solve this kind of problem, first, candidates are required to identify the image itself in poetry, then summarize its characteristics in a few concise and accurate words, and finally analyze the internal relationship between the image and the emotion to be expressed by the poet or explain its significance in poetry.
Example of answer: waterfall
Thousands of rocks and valleys are tireless, and Gao Yuan can only be known from a distance. Can you stay between streams? After all, the sea will be waves.
This paper briefly analyzes the artistic image of "waterfall" created in this poem. (Huangzhou in 2006)
Reference answer: the trickle gathers tirelessly into a spectacular waterfall, then refuses to stay in the stream, moves on, flows to the sea, and is determined to turn into a turbulent wave. This "waterfall" is the embodiment that ambitious people are not afraid of difficulties and will not give up until they reach their goals.
(B) Analysis of artistic conception types
1. Q: What kind of artistic conception does this poem create?
2. Question variation: What kind of picture does this poem depict? What thoughts and feelings did the poet express?
3. Solution analysis: The so-called artistic conception refers to the imaginary realm created by the combination of objects (that is, images) that entrust the poet's feelings. Including scenery, emotion and environment. Three aspects are indispensable when answering questions.
4. Answer steps:
(1) describe the picture in the poem. Candidates should grasp the main scenery in the poem and reproduce the picture in their own language. When describing, one should be faithful to the original poem, the other should be recreated with one's own association and imagination, and the language should be beautiful.
② Summarize the characteristics of the atmosphere created by the scenery. Generally, two disyllabic words can be used, such as lonely and cold, quiet and beautiful, vigorous and magnificent, bleak and desolate, etc. , and should pay attention to accurately reflect the characteristics and emotional appeal of the scenery.
③ Analyze the author's thoughts and feelings. Don't be empty, but give specific answers. For example, it is not enough to answer "expressing the author's sentimental feelings", but also to answer "sentimental" why.
Two quatrains (Part I)
Du Fu
Jiangshan bathed in spring, how beautiful, flowers send flowers.
Swallows are busy nesting in wet mud and sleeping in pairs on the warm beach.
Note: This poem was written by the poet when he temporarily lived in Chengdu Caotang after "four tours at one year old".
■ What kind of scenery does this poem depict? What kind of feelings did the poet express? Please analyze it briefly.
This poem depicts a beautiful scene of early spring: the spring is bright, the fields are green, the river reflects the sunshine, the spring breeze brings the fragrance of flowers and plants, the mud melts and the soil is wet, the swallows are busy building their nests with mud, the sun is bright and the sand is warm, and Yuanyang is still sleeping on the sandbar (the first step). This is a beautiful spring scene (step 2). It shows the poet's happy and carefree state of mind after his wandering life (the third step).
The second mode: analytical skill type
1. Q: What kind of expression is used in this poem?
2. Title change: Please analyze the expressive technique (or artistic technique, or technique) of this poem. How do poets express their feelings? What's the effect?
3. Solution analysis: Expression is a method used by poets to express their feelings. To answer questions accurately, you must be familiar with some common expressions. Expression techniques can be divided into three categories: lyric techniques, descriptive techniques and rhetorical techniques.
There are two kinds of lyric techniques: direct expression and indirect lyric. "Oh, how can I bow and scrape to those high-ranking and high-ranking people whose sincere faces will never be seen?" Is to express one's thoughts directly. Indirect lyricism can be divided into borrowing scenery to express feelings, such as "chilling and wailing, pavilion at night, shower at first"; Expressing one's will by holding objects, such as Mo Mei and Yin, are generally poems about objects; Keep things in mind, such as "half an acre of square pond is open, and the sky is * * *. The question channel is so clear that it is generally a philosophical poem, because there is running water at the source.
Descriptive techniques mainly include: (1) contrast, positive contrast and negative contrast. Just like "Peach Blossom Pond is deeper than thousands of feet, not as good as Wang Lun". This contrast is also dynamic and static, such as "moonlight in pine forest, crystal stone in stream"; The sound is silent, such as "the sunrise scares the bird, when it flows in spring"; Sad emotions are set off by happy scenes, such as "green grass stains the steps in spring and birds sing happily under the leaves" (2) Lenovo and imagination, also known as the combination of reality and reality, such as "wild flowers stay rare, green grass sees clothes." (3) comparison. (4) draw a line. For example, "if you plant a millet in spring, you will reap 10 thousand seeds in autumn." Four fields have no idle fields, and farmers starve to death. "
The rhetorical device that often appears in ancient poetry: (1) Bi Xing. Such as "Guan Guan Luo Yu, in Hezhou. My fair lady, a gentleman is good. " Let's talk about what else caused what was sung. (2) metaphor. (3) personification. (4) exaggeration. ⑤ Pun. For example, "sunrise in the east and rain in the west, the road is sunny but sunny", and "sunny" means emotional "affection". (6) allusions. For example, "a strong business woman doesn't know how to hate her country, but still sings" backyard flowers "across the river." In addition, there are rhetorical questions, rhetorical questions, irony and so on.
4. Answer steps:
(1) Accurately point out the technology used.
(2) Explain why this technique is combined with poetry.
(3) This technique effectively conveys the poet's feelings.
Travel early
the Chen Dynasty
Dewdrops invaded the camel's brown, Han Xiao was bright, and the stars were dry and bright.
Lonely bridges and dreams, grass insects in the depths of rice fields are singing.
■ What does this poem mainly express? What's the effect?
This poem mainly uses the method of comparison (the first step). The sky is not bright, the stars are vertical and horizontal, especially bright, which sets off the darkness of the night; "Grass insects sing" reflects the silence of the environment (step 2). The contrast between the two highlights the loneliness brought by the poet's early travel and inner wandering (the third step).
The third mode: analyzing language features.
1. Q: What are the linguistic features of this poem?
2. Question variation: Please analyze the language style of this poem. On the language art of this poem.
3. Solution analysis: This question type does not require trying to figure out the clever use of individual words, but tastes the language style of the whole poem.
Words that can be used to answer questions generally include: fresh and natural, unpretentious, gorgeous, clear and fluent, multi-spoken, euphemistic, uninhibited, graceful, concise and vivid. ...
4. Answer steps:
(1) Use one or two words to accurately point out language features.
(2) Analyze this feature with relevant sentences in the poem.
(3) Point out how the author's feelings are expressed.
Resentment in spring
Get rid of the oriole, get rid of all the music on the tree.
They woke her up when she dreamed that she went to meet him in Liaoxi camp.
Please analyze the linguistic features of this poem.
The language characteristics of this poem are fresh and natural, colloquial (the first step), and "yellow" is a child's voice, which shows the innocence of women. "They woke her up when she was dreaming and said that she had gone to the camp in western Liaoning to meet him there." In simple language, the oriole was beaten because it disturbed her dream of missing her husband (step 2). This naturally shows the woman's longing for her husband (step 3).
The fourth mode: refining fonts
1. Q: What is the most vivid word in this couplet? Why?
2. Problem variant: One sentence has always been praised. What do you think of it?
3. Answer analysis: The ancients paid attention to refining words in poetry, that is, they asked to taste the beauty of these refined words. When answering questions, we should not talk about this word in isolation, but put it in a sentence and analyze it with the artistic conception and emotion of the whole poem.
4. Answer steps:
(1) Explain the meaning of this word in the sentence.
(2) Expand the association and put the word in the original sentence to describe the scene.
(3) point out what kind of artistic conception the word sets off, or what kind of feelings it expresses.
Example 1 Nanpu Bie
Bai Juyi
In the bleak drudgery of Nanpu, the autumn wind is bleak.
Turn back immediately, my heart is broken, so I can leave and don't look back.
■ People in the past thought that the word "look" seemed ordinary, but it was actually very vivid. Do you agree with this statement? Why?
The answer sample agrees. Look, in the poem, it means to look back (the first step). I left people, and I often looked back. Every time I look back, I feel deeply grieved. This word makes us seem to see the tearful image of the lyric hero (step 2). The word "look" alone vividly shows the sadness of parting (step 3).
Example 2 Read the following Tang poem and answer the questions as required. (6 points) (Fujian Volume)
End (1)
Li shangyin
In the distance, books are dreams, and only empty beds are enemies.
Under the steps of moss mangroves, the moon is sad in the rain.
[Note] ① End residence: idle residence. ② Pingqiu: synonymous with autumn.
■ Can the "enemy" in the second sentence of this poem be replaced by "right" or other words? Please briefly explain the reasons.
The answer sample cannot be changed to "Yes" or other words. The word "enemy" here means "resistance". The word "enemy" not only highlights the lonely and cold atmosphere of "empty bed" and "Su Qiu" in silence, but also shows that people who sleep alone with empty beds can't stand the cold and desolate situation of "Su Qiu" and expresses the unspeakable sadness in the poet's heart. This effect is difficult to express quickly with "right" or other words.
The fifth mode: one-word collar full poem style.
1. Q: One word is the key to the whole poem. Why?
2. Solution analysis: Ancient poetry is very particular about conception, and often a word or a word constitutes the clue of the whole poem, which constitutes the emotional tone and thought of the whole poem. Grasping this word proposition can often be used to test the examinee's grasp of the whole poem.
3. Answer steps:
The relationship between (1) words and the content (scene) of the poem.
(2) The role of words in the theme (emotion) of poetry.
1 I smell the flute on a spring night in Los Angeles.
Lipper
Yu Di's dark flying sound scattered into the spring breeze in Los Angeles.
Who can't get homesick when they hear that there is another village in the serenade?
■ Some people think that the word "folding willow" is the key to the whole poem. What does "broken willow" mean? Do you agree with "key"? Why? (2002 college entrance examination questions)
The moral of this example is "farewell to nostalgia". The music played by the flute is "Folding Willow", which evokes the homesickness of the wanderer. (Step 1) To smell the flute is not to appreciate its beauty, but to express the author's homesickness through willow music. (Step 2) So "folding willows" is the key to the whole poem.
The sixth mode: emotional theme type
Theme type:
What kind of thoughts and feelings are expressed, what kind of social reality is reflected, what kind of interest is expressed, what is the main idea, or ask questions in combination with artistic conception, or ask questions for a certain sentence.
Examination direction:
1, understanding of the feelings expressed
2. Reveal the deep meaning of poetry.
3. Understand the theme of poetry
Key points for answering questions:
Two points: first, according to the description of the poem, analyze what the poem involved specifically wrote. The second is to reveal the theme and emotion. The answer is "describe … express …".
Problem solving format:
1, indicating feelings:
Through what content+express (host/expose) what feelings?
2. Summarize the theme of this poem:
What did this poem (word) write+by what means+what did it show?
For example, read Ouyang Xiu's "Picking Mulberry Seeds" and analyze the content and theme of this queci.
Pick mulberry seeds
The sky is high and the west lake is good, and everything in the cloud is solved. Seagulls and herons should be used to listening to orchestral music while sleeping.
The wind is clear and the moon is white, and the night is suitable. Whoever envies Luan is a fairy on board.
This poem describes the moonlit night in the West Lake, where the lake and sky set each other off, the soft wind blows gently, and the night birds sleep leisurely. It is quiet and beautiful here, like a fairyland on earth. It expresses the poet's beautiful feelings of loving the scenery of the West Lake and real life.