Rhetoric is the art of using language, aiming at improving the expressive effect of language. Rhetoric includes phonetics, vocabulary, sentences, texts and figures of speech. Expressing the same meaning, why do some people find it sweet, pleasant and enjoyable, while others are dry and tasteless? Actually, there is phonetic rhetoric's problem. As the saying goes, "look at people's minds and listen to people's voices." A good language, in terms of sound, is always catchy, pleasant to hear, cadenced, euphemistic and implicit, giving people beautiful enjoyment.
For example, Wang Xiaoyu's storytelling in Travel Notes of Lao Can makes people feel uncomfortable after eating ginseng fruit. Phonetic rhetoric used the voice of language to make rhetoric, thus obtaining the musical beauty of language. 1, syllable coordination, natural overlap.
The coordination of syllables is mainly to use language to make syllables as symmetrical and tidy as possible, with a sense of rhythm and rich musical beauty. How to make syllables symmetrical and tidy? One is to choose words with the same syllables; The second is to use overlapping words.
(1) Syllabic coordination: There are a large number of synonyms with the same meaning but different syllables in Chinese, which makes it possible to adjust and choose syllables. When using language, monosyllabic words, disyllabic words and disyllabic words should be properly selected according to the needs of expression, so as to form a neat and symmetrical phonetic form and give people a symmetrical aesthetic feeling.
For example, with the mountain, the stream is sometimes wide, sometimes narrow, sometimes slow, sometimes urgent, and the sound of the stream changes its tone at any time. (Ye Shengtao and Jinhua Caves)
② One day, the roar of the East Asian sleeping lion will shake the whole world! Because it has vast land, hardworking people, a long history, rich products and countless revolutionary martyrs. ...
For example, "wide, narrow, slow and urgent" in 1 uses monosyllabic words to make syllables symmetrical; "Broad, industrious, long and rich" and "land, people, history and products" are disyllabic words, which make the syllables symmetrical. If a monosyllabic word in example 1 is replaced by a disyllabic word, or a disyllabic word in example 2 is replaced by a monosyllabic word, there will be no such symmetrical and harmonious aesthetic feeling.
Note: syllable arrangement: sometimes due to the limitation of expression needs, more or less syllables may appear in the parts that should be neat, and their arrangement order should be considered; Generally speaking, few syllables come before and many syllables come after without affecting semantics. For example:
Yes, the soldiers who defended the first red regime with their own blood and sweat, who doesn't remember the bamboo on Jinggangshan? People use it to build tents, make darts, use it as a pot to hold water, use it as a bowl to steam rice, use it as a pole and a flamethrower.
(2) these green bamboo, along the slender slide, through the clouds, and roared. They slipped down the stream, turned into the river, flowed into the Ganjiang River, got on the train and embarked on a long journey.
(3) Many fantasies in the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon, the Dragon Palace Treasure Hunt and the Romance of Gods have come true today through science.
(2) Natural reduplication: In order to make syllables symmetrical and tidy and enhance the sound beauty of the language, reduplicated words can also be used. The overlapping words are harmonious and musical. For example:
First, buy some "resume sheets" and fill them out. After writing, let family and relatives find ways to submit them in all directions. Echo, mostly not, but wait. Mother and son are waiting blankly for a vague future that no one wants to think about. Chronicle of Early Childhood Learning in Yu Shizhi)
2 forest, forest ... old rotten leaves rustle at its feet; The wind rustles among the leaves, butterflies are flying, beetles and bees are humming; Woodpeckers are knocking, far and wide, and there is music in the forest. (Jason's Children from the Forest)
The repeated use of two overlapping words vividly highlights the sad mood of mother and son who are confused and helpless; The repetition of pronunciation also aggravates this sad feeling. Four overlapping words are used to describe all kinds of sounds in the forest, which gives people a sense of sound and image. After reading them, they seem to hear music in the forest.
2. Tone harmony and rhythm harmony
Tone harmony, phonology harmony, mostly used in verse (such as poetry, lyrics, etc. ), other articles also pay attention to.
(1) Tone coordination: Tone coordination should pay attention to flat and even tone coordination. Proper use of different tones of flat tones to form regular changes can make the language have cadence musical beauty. Tone coordination is often to avoid using too many words with the same tone, so as not to make the language difficult to read. For example:
(1) the old poem is very pay attention to level. Metric poems are antithetical, demanding a level tone and a level tone. For example:
The fifth and sixth sentences in Mao Zedong's Long March;
Jinsha Water Brand Yunya Warm (Flat, Flat, Flat)
The beams of Dadu Bridge are cold (flat, flat).
(2) Modern poetry does not take the strict parallel prose form like the old-style poetry, but it also pays attention to the collocation of parallel prose, especially the parallel prose at the end of the sentence. For example:
The hearse team is United as one. Farewell to the Prime Minister is heartbreaking, and 800 million tears are flying in China.
-(Commentary on Dear Premier Zhou Enlai's Immortality)
In this example, pay due attention to the level and level of words. For example, "unite as one" and the tone is "flat and flat", which has both suppression and promotion; If you change it to "the will of the people", it will become a completely flat sentence, which is monotonous. At the end of the sentence, pay attention to the correspondence of flat tones: "team" and "follow", "break" and "fly" are all flat tones, melodious and harmonious.
(3) Prose, we should also pay due attention to the level of prose. Lao She once said, "Even in prose, we should pay attention to the arrangement of flat and level tones. Zhang Si sounds good. "Zhang Sanwang Ba" is not pleasant to listen to. The former is two levels, with ups and downs; The latter is flat and lacks intonation. If the four words are still like this, then even a few words should be arranged. " For example: (Yu Dafu's Autumn in the Old Capital)
It has been nearly ten years since autumn in the north. Every autumn in the south, I always think of the reed flowers in Taoranting, the willow shadows on the hook platform, the insects in the western hills, the jathyapple in Yuquan and the bells in Tanzhe Temple.
The disyllabic words at the end of the following five sentences in Taoranting are flat, flat, flat, flat and flat, with high and low tones, which sounds like a kind of restrained beauty.
(2) Rhyme: Rhyme refers to the regular use of words with the same or similar vowels at the end of the upper and lower sentences or every other sentence, giving people a kind of musical beauty with harmonious rhyme. For example:
(1) Ancient poems pay special attention to rhyme, such as:
Dawn of spring
Sleeping sickness in spring unconsciously broke the morning, and the chirping of birds disturbed my sleep.
How many flowers fall after a stormy night.
(This is a quatrain, with one, two and four rhyming: ao)
(2) Prose, novels and other literary works, paying attention to the rhyme of sentences, can also form a harmonious musical beauty. For example:
We are proud to have such a hero in our motherland, and we are proud to be born in this heroic country! ("ao" and "Hao" rhyme ao, loud and beautiful. )
(3) In addition to poetry, prose, novels and other literary works, rhymes also exist in proverbs, proverbs, folk songs and nursery rhymes handed down from the spoken language of the masses, such as:
A, make pants if you want to get rich; Hair, make a pair of socks. (rhymes with u and a)
B, it's raining and dirty, and the young couple don't hold grudges when they fight. They eat a pot of rice during the day and a pillow at night. (rhyming IOUs)
C, one key, Malan flowers bloom twenty-one.
c，256257，28293 1 1。
D, three five six three five seven, three eight three nine four one.
Four five six four five seven, four eight four nine five one.
This nursery rhyme is meaningless. When children jump on the rubber band, it is only used for counting, but it soon spread all over the country, because it rhymes with every sentence, and the bottom word of each step is the same as the last word of each sentence. It is catchy to read, pleasant to hear and familiar to remember.