Interpreting Poetry, Perceiving as a Whole and Grasping "Six Elements"
The basis of appreciating ancient poetry is to have the knowledge structure of ancient poetry, such as reading more ancient poetry, fully grasping the characteristics of ancient poetry, and understanding the style, general expression skills and common language styles of ancient poetry; The premise of appreciating an ancient poem is to understand it, that is, to interpret it accurately, and to perceive its six elements as a whole-He Jing, He Wu, He Ren, He Shi, He Qing and Li He.
1, from the title, style, understand the theme of the poem.
The title of a poem often indicates the main content of the poem. For example, "Send Yuan 20 An Xi" explains the object of farewell, the important task of friends, and the place of arrival, which is a farewell to friends; Ascending the Mountain shows that this poem is what the writer sees and thinks when he ascends the mountain. Nostalgia at Gubei Pavilion in Jingkou explains the place where the author boarded, and the content is that nostalgia hurts oneself; "Complaining about God and Others" clearly shows that this poem is about the resentment of the soldiers guarding the border ... In short, the title of the poem is an important part of the whole poem. Many students often ignore the topic when solving problems, which will affect the grasp of the overall content of poetry and even the emotional tone.
The forms of language collision in ancient poetry can be divided into ancient poetry, modern poetry, ci, Sanqu and so on. The technical content can be divided into sentimental poems, farewell poems, frontier poems, love poems, seasonal poems, allegorical poems, tourist poems, historical poems, physical poems, military poems and so on. According to the style of poetry, we can grasp some rules in the ideological content and expression skills of poetry (the style of poetry is mostly expressed in the title). For example, poems about history (nostalgia) are mostly written from the immediate scenery, hurting the present by cherishing the past, hurting yourself by cherishing others, and satirizing the present by borrowing the past. Thus expressing feelings such as things are different, time flies, today is not what it used to be, talents are not met, and there is no way to serve the country. If you want to say goodbye, most of them use scenery rendering to express their feelings of parting; Another example is frontier poems, which are characterized by creating a desolate, broad and desolate artistic conception, or expressing frontier customs, or expressing people's grievances, or complaining about homesickness; Pastoral poetry is good at freshness, naturalness and elegance; Poetry about objects is based on expressing things and understanding. It can be seen that mastering the style of ancient poetry is very important for interpreting poetry.
2, from the hand of the poet, know people and discuss the world, and grasp the broad context of poetry.
This is a link that students easily ignore. The poet's time, the author's life experience, situation, ambition and outlook on life often determine the thoughts and feelings of poetry. Qu Yuan is cynical, Tao Qian hates officialdom, Du Fu cares about the country and the people, and Li Yu feels that he is going to harm heaven and earth from time to time. "... their poems are marked with distinctive brand of the times, showing distinctive ideological characteristics. On the other hand, poets have different aesthetic habits and tastes, and their poems have different language styles and creative principles. Both of them are romantic poets. Qu Yuan often uses fragrant flowers and herbs to express his ambition, so as to express his noble character. Li Bai, on the other hand, expressed his thoughts with famous mountains and rivers, so as to publicize his aloof and uninhibited ideological personality and fresh and elegant language style. As an idyllic poem, Tao Qian is simple and natural, and his music contains dissatisfaction; Wang Wei's Xu Zhong is picturesque, fresh and full of philosophy. As an uninhibited poet, Su Shi's poems are magnificent. Although he feels no sense of accomplishment, he is optimistic and open-minded. Jia Xuan's poems are gloomy and frustrated. Although they describe their ambition to serve the country, they often bring a lot of bitterness ... When reading poems, students must pay attention to their familiar authors and then grasp the background of poetry creation. The author's language style and common writing techniques are conducive to the accurate analysis of poetry as soon as possible.
3. Appreciate the artistic conception of poetry from a series of images.
Poetry is the expression of image and the art of image. The poet's subjective feelings are expressed through images. Without images, it is not poetry. Image is the fusion of meaning and image, and the unity of the external scene of life and the poet's inner feelings. People who really understand poetry will take what the author only reveals a little in his poems to their hearts to develop. It is the key to interpret poetry to organically combine images (elements of poetry) to form a complete picture. In ancient poetry, poets often give some images a relatively stable emotional color, that is to say, people often have similar aesthetic tastes. For example:
Chrysanthemum, elegant lotus, noble willow, bid farewell to moonlight, miss fallen leaves, frustrated spring breeze and pride.
A cloud falls, a sunset falls, a melancholy winter snow, a cold autumn rain, a sad swan goose, a flowing water in Philip Burkart, and a sigh.
Desert, desolate wilderness, desolate flowers, passionate wine, strong red beans, acacia bamboo forest, leisure.
A lonely lamp, a lonely autumn bug, a desolate and solid person, a homesickness, a warm and withered vine, a bleak guqin and a bosom friend.
Mastering the meaning of some images is conducive to the combination of pictures, thus forming a perception of the whole poem and then understanding the author's thoughts and feelings.
4, with the help of notes, phonetic notation, remove the obstacles to interpretation.
In the face of the problem of poetry appreciation, the most easy thing for students to ignore is the notes and phonetic notation about poetry on the topic. We can't underestimate these notes and phonetic notation. Some of them explained the writing background of poetry, some explained the common sense of ancient culture, and some showed the specific meaning of words because of the different sounds and pronunciations. Topic sets are often closely related to these notes and phonetic notation. So take notes and phonetic notation as crutches to solve problems.
mathematics
1 Return to the textbook to organize knowledge, because many questions are dealt with on the basis of textbook topics.
2 master the inequality of the derivative of the mainline function, and devote energy to review.
3 inductive summary of important issues, it depends on your own summary.
physics
Establish a complete knowledge system with backbone knowledge as the skeleton
To tell the truth, physics itself is difficult to make up, so let's find a teacher.
English
If you can't remember the words and phrases in English, you are lazy or don't want to remember them.
Buy a 53 and look at the grammar. You must recite examples to learn it.