Jiangsu candidates should pay attention to poetry appreciation about Jinling (submissions from netizens)
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Middle School Chinese Teaching Resource Network 2005-06-01
wjh_0988
Jinling Nostalgia
Xu Hun< /p>
The song of Yushu is broken and the king's spirit is gone, and the soldiers in Jingyang join forces and the garrison is empty.
There are thousands of official tombs far and near, and there are six generations of palaces high and low.
The stone swallow blows in the clouds and rains, and the finless porpoise blows in the waves and returns to the wind at night.
Once the hero is gone, all the luxury is gone, only the green mountains are like Luozhong.
Yushu "Yushu Backyard Flowers"
The tree planted on the Catalpa tomb
Shi Yan's "Xiangzhong Ji" "There are stone swallows in Lingling, and when there is wind and rain, they will Flying, the wind and rain stop and turn into stone"
Finless porpoise "South Vietnam Chronicles" "Final porpoise is like a pig, living in the water, every time it jumps between the waves, the wind often rises"
Jinling is the founder of Sun Wu, The ancient capitals of Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen in the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties, but since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, due to the transfer of political centers, they have no longer been as prosperous as the Six Dynasties. The vicissitudes of Jinling's rise and fall have become a topic of ambition for many later generations of poets. Generally speaking, poems about Jinling refer to one scene or one thing. Xu Hun's seven-line poem "writes the general idea clearly" and "contains everything" (Yu Biyun's "A Brief Introduction to Poetry"), which has a high degree of artistic generality.
The poem begins by tracing the historical events of the Sui soldiers' destruction of Chen, and writes about the last small imperial court in the Southern Dynasty, which was destroyed by the melancholy music of "Yushu Backyard Flowers" composed by the empress Chen.
The chin couplet describes the decline of Jinling. The poet climbed up and looked, far and near, there were pine trees, barren tombs, ruined palaces and grain millet. The prosperity of the Southern Dynasties has become a relic of history.
The first two couplets adopt a reverse approach in content arrangement: first, they trace the longing for the history of the previous dynasty, and then add the immediate events that caused this longing. This highlights the fall of the Chen Dynasty, a turning point in the rise and fall of Jinling, and the historical lessons it contains.
The neck couplet uses the Bixing technique to summarize the changes in the world. The words "fu" and "chui" are written expressively, while the words "yi" and "huan" are written implicitly. "Flying the clouds" describes the image of the stone swallow flying through the rain and passing through the clouds, while "blowing the waves" expresses the momentum of the finless porpoise stirring up wind and waves. "Sunny also rains" means "yin solidifies rain", and "night returns to wind" obviously means "sun turns to wind". "Finless porpoise" and "stone swallow" symbolize the all-powerful compounds in history, just like the heroes mentioned in the last couplet. These two sentences express the ups and downs of human society and the rise and fall of dynasties through the changes in the wind and rain on the river.
The last couplet echoes the beginning, expressing the poet's emotion about the perishability of prosperity. Heroes refer to the emperors of all dynasties who once occupied Jinling. The country will not change, but the world will change, which makes people full of emotions.
The skill of this poem in selecting images:
The middle two couplets both use natural scenes to reflect social changes, but the techniques and scenery are quite different: the greedy couplet adopts the style of Fu The writing method is an intuitive description, and the neck couplet uses Bixing to achieve a suggestive effect; pine trees and millet are common plants in reality, while stone swallows and finless porpoises are magical and grotesque animals in legends. In this way, he not only writes a variety of colorful images, but also sets off a mysterious and romantic atmosphere.
The power of this poem in refining the words:
The words "broken" and "empty" in the first couplet reflect the corruption of the Chen Dynasty in terms of cultural life and military facilities. Every article and every weapon reflects the state of decline of Jinling City before Chen's death; the word "合" uses the overwhelming power of Mount Tai to express the power of the Sui Dynasty's army approaching the city; "The end of the king's energy" is related to the "end of luxury" in the last couplet. Correspondingly, it is sad to read that the prosperity of Jinling is gone and the power of the world has finally come to an end.
Jinling nostalgic for the past
Liu Yuxi
The tide is full of Yecheng Zhu, and the sun is setting at the imperial pavilion.
The new grass in Caizhou is green, but the old smoke of the shogunate is green.
The ups and downs are determined by personnel, the mountains, rivers and empty terrain.
The song "Flowers in the Back Garden" is full of resentment and unbearable listening.
In the winter of the second year of Baoli (826), Liu Yuxi returned to Luoyang from Hezhou and passed through Jinling. Judging from the description of the scene in the poem, this poem may have been written in the early spring of the following year.
"The tide is full of Yecheng Zhu, and the sun is setting at the imperial pavilion." The first couplet writes about the morning scene and the evening scene. The poet came to the riverside in search of the ruins of Yecheng, the place where Soochow was smelted. It happened that the morning tide was rising, the water and sky were wide, and the river was full of wind and waves. Where is Yecheng, a historic site famous for its smelting of Wu knives and Wu hooks? The poet wandered and searched, but he looked around at a loss. There was only the sound of the waves lapping the shore and the desolate scene along the river. It seems to tell people: Yecheng, like Wu's great hegemony, has long since disappeared without a trace in the long river of time. In the evening, the Zhenglu Pavilion stood lonely in the setting light, accompanied by nothing more than a long black shadow cast on the ground. The lively scene where the noble families of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Wang Xie and his family once bid farewell to each other have long since disappeared. . Although the pavilion and the sunset remain the same, the human affairs have completely changed.
In the first two sentences of the poem, the contrast between ups and downs is cleverly expressed in the language of scenery, so that the poem can closely follow the title as soon as it is written, and naturally reveal the feeling of paying tribute to the past and regretting the present.
"The new grass in Caizhou is green, and the old smoke of the shogunate is green." Although the two sentences in the couplet still describe scenery, the scenery written here is not only a tribute to historical relics, but also witnessed by the majestic and beautiful mountains and rivers. Lyrical, to vividly express the poet's insight on a certain historical issue. Lo and behold, although the time is in the cold spring, Caizhou, the unsinkable warship in the center of the river, has already grown a piece of green new grass; the Shogunate Mountain, known as the gateway to Jinling, is looking majestically towards the river, and green smoke rises from the top of the mountain. , the situation remains the same. Facing the surging river, the poet recalled that Su Jun, a warlord of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, once attacked Jinling in an attempt to establish hegemony by relying on dangers. Soon Tao Kan and Wen Qiao raised troops to attack the rebels here, and their 40,000 fleet troops arrived at Caizhou. For a while, the boats and boats looked at each other, their flags covered the sky, and they fought fiercely for many days. Finally, they defeated Su Jun and brought the Jin Dynasty out of danger. He also remembered that Shogunate Mountain was named because Prime Minister Wang Dao once established a shogunate garrison here. But once upon a time, the Eastern Jin Dynasty was still replaced by the Liu Song Dynasty, and Liu Yiji, the king of Hengyang, served as the governor of South Yanzhou. This mountain has since become the ancestral home of the new nobles of the Liu Song Dynasty. Have the mountains, rivers and scenery changed in the changing history? No, what the poet sees is still: the spring grass is green every year, and the old smoke is green every year. This connection integrates ancient and present events with the immediate future. The six characters "new grass is green" and "old smoke is green" are vivid and vivid, and the scenes blend together, paving the way for the following emotions.
"The ups and downs are determined by personnel, and the mountains and rivers are empty and the terrain is empty." The neck couplet follows the previous two couplets and turns to discussion. The poet revealed the secrets of the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties in extremely concise language and warned the world. Where has the prosperity of the Six Dynasties gone? Where are the powerful people at that time now? The dangerous mountain and river situation did not provide guarantee for their long-term peace and stability; the rise and fall of the country should originally depend on personnel! In this couplet, the poet thought about thousands of miles away, composed his own great poems, and put forward the outstanding insight that the existence of the country "depends on virtue but not on danger". Later, two of the four poems in Wang Anshi's "Jinling Nostalgia": "Heavenly soldiers marched south to this bridge river, and the enemy country pointed Gu Jiang at that time. The majestic mountains and rivers are restored, and the king's divine power is unparalleled." This is how it was transformed. This shows the high level of discussion and outstanding knowledge.
The last couplet is "The song "Flowers in the Back Garden" is so sad that it is unbearable to listen to." The emperors of the Six Dynasties relied on natural dangers and indulged in pleasure and their countries perished. Have the lessons of history been learned by future generations? The poet uses the still popular "Flowers in the Backyard of Yushu" to imply that the rulers of the Tang Dynasty today are relying on the dangers of hundreds of mountains and rivers in Guanzhong to indulge in sensual pleasures and are following in the footsteps of the Six Dynasties. The consequences are unimaginable. "Flowers in the Back Garden of Yushu" is recognized as the sound of the country's subjugation. The poem implicitly embodies the warning of national subjugation in a musical phenomenon, which is profound. Du Mu, a poet of the late Tang Dynasty, wrote the poem "Porting Qinhuai": "The merchant girl did not know the hatred for the country's subjugation, but she still sang "Flowers in the Back Garden" across the river", which was born out of this.
"Zhenyizhai Poetry" says: "When chanting an epic poem, you don't have to refer to the facts. It can be seen from the famous works of the ancients." This is the case with Liu Yuxi's poem. The first couplet sways from the front of the title, and the last couplet comes from the title. Then he meandered away. The first two couplets only point out the scenic spots and historic sites in Jinling related to the Six Dynasties to hint at the reasons for the rise and fall of the ages, rather than to commemorate one dynasty, one emperor, one event, or one thing. The last two couplets use discussion and emotion to draw on the past and satirize the present, revealing the theme of the whole poem. This technique is quite clever when used in epic poems and nostalgic poems.
Man Jiang Hong? Jinling nostalgic
Sadu Thorn
Six generations of luxury, spring is gone, and there is no news. Looking at the sky with despair, the mountains and rivers are so beautiful that they are no longer what they used to be. The two swallows in front of Wang Xietang have known each other at the entrance of Wuyi Lane. Listening to the deep night, loneliness hits the lonely city, and the spring tide is urgent.
Thinking about the past, feeling like weaving with sorrow, thinking about the homeland, empty of traces. But the smoke is desolate and the grass is decaying, and the crows are scattered and the sun is setting. The jade trees are singing, the autumn dew is cold, and the rouge wells are cold and weeping. Until now, there are only Jiang Shanqing and Qin Huaibi.
[Note]
(1) Past: the past.
(2) Hanyu: chilling cicada. 螞, the sound is jiàng.
[Explanation]
Sadushi was a famous poet in the Yuan Dynasty. This poem "Man Jiang Hong" is his masterpiece.
The meaning of the word is: The spring of the Sixth Generation is gone forever. The scenic spots and scenic spots in Jinling are no longer what they used to be. I once saw a pair of swallows in the family of the Wang and Xie clans at the entrance of Wuyi Lane. How are they doing now? It is late at night, and the spring tide is lapping at Jinling City, stirring up the sound of loneliness. It’s hard to look back on the past, and only a few traces of Jinling remain. Now there is nothing more than desolate smoke covering Zhongcao, birds and crows are flying in the sunset, and autumn dew is cold. No one sings Chen Houzhu's "Yushu Backyard Flowers" anymore. Chen Houzhu's Rouge Well Recalling Sutras has been hidden away. bad. The cicadas chirped sadly. What else does Rui have? Only Zhongshan is still green and the Qinhuai River is still flowing with clear water.
There is also a poem "Niannujiao" written by Saducai who climbed the Stone City, which also contains many emotional words: "To point out the scenic spots of the Six Dynasties, only the green mountains are like walls." "A river north and south, how much time is wasted Hero! "" Sad for the ages, Qinhuai is a bright moon! "
Jinling Nostalgia
Sikong Shu
The chariot road and the river are dark, and the palace is covered with spring weeds.
Sadly, Yu Kaifu became a minister of the Northern Dynasty.
Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) has been the capital of the Six Dynasties since the Three Kingdoms and Wu Dynasty. It is an important theme for poets of all dynasties to chant history. Sikong Shu's song "Jinling Nostalgic" has a typical selection of materials, exquisite workmanship and unique originality.
The first two sentences are realistic.
The author chose two typical scenes to describe based on what he saw in front of him. He didn't use much ink, but he was able to express the decay and desolation of the ancient capital Jinling very concretely and vividly. The chariot road is the road that the emperor passed by. I think back in those days, when the emperor was traveling, with flags like a forest, drums and music, and people cheering in front and behind, how majestic it must have been! Now this scene no longer exists, only the river maple beside the road, which has witnessed the vicissitudes of the human world, has grown tall and big, blocking out the sky and the sun, casting a dense shadow, making the deserted chariot road even more gloomy and gloomy. The word "dark" in "Jiang Feng dark" is both realistic and reveals the author's heavy mood at this moment. Walking along this road, you can see some remaining palace and garden buildings from the Six Dynasties. "Six generations compete for luxury in Taicheng". The palaces of the past were all jewels and splendor, and they were prominent and prosperous, not to mention the spring when the greenery was flying and the birds were singing and dancing. Now the place is desolate and desolate, with only the weeds growing everywhere and growing vigorously, as if the entire palace has become their world. "Weeds in spring", the word "spring" not only refers to the season, but also expresses that the only thing that embellishes the spring scenery is the luxuriant wild grasses. These two sentences are neatly paired, and the chariot road and palace form a strong contrast with the river maple and wild grass, inspiring readers to compare its current situation with history, and the sense of its rise and fall naturally resides in it.
Next, with a sudden change of direction, he used allusions to express his feelings. The allusions are used naturally and appropriately, and are rich in content and thought-provoking.
Let’s talk about nature first. Yu Kaifu is Yu Xin. He was named because he had the same ceremony as the three divisions when he opened the mansion. Yu Xin was a famous poet in the Liang Dynasty. He served as an official in Jinling in his early years. Together with his father Yu Jianwu, he was deeply appreciated by Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty. As the saying goes, "Father and son, entering and exiting the East Palace are forbidden, and no favors can be compared with Long". The poet writes about the past from the chariot road and the palace. Of course, it is easy to think of Yu Xin. It is consistent with the scene in front of the author, so it is natural.
Again, appropriate. During Yu Xin's mission to the Northern Dynasty and the Western Wei Dynasty, Liang was destroyed by the Western Wei Dynasty and was forced to stay in Chang'an. After the Northern Zhou Dynasty and the Wei Dynasty, he was forced to serve in the Zhou Dynasty and stayed in the Northern Dynasty until he died in the first year of the founding of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty. He experienced several regime changes in the Northern Dynasties and witnessed the collapse of the last two dynasties in the Southern Dynasties. His life experience best reflects the turmoil and changes of that era. Besides, he spent a long time in the north and often missed his motherland and hometown. Many of his poems and poems contained "thoughts of hometown". The famous "Ode to the South of the Yangtze River" is a representative work in this regard. The poet's life experience has some similarities with Yu Xin. He experienced the "Anshi Rebellion" and saw with his own eyes the Tang Empire falling from the peak of prosperity. During the Anshi Rebellion, he stayed away from his hometown and took refuge in the south. After the Rebellion, he was unable to return to Chang'an for a while, feeling homesick. Therefore, the poet uses Yu Xin's allusion to express his sentiments about the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties in history, and to convey his lament for the decline of the Tang Dynasty. It also contains his own thoughts about his hometown and his own life experience. It is indeed appropriate. Rich in meaning. The word "sad" carries a heavy weight and is worth pondering. Yu Xin once wrote a poem called "Ode to Sadness", in which he mourned the death of his son and mourned the death of his country. It was a sad and touching poem. He said: "The injury is a matter of fact, and I mourn the previous death, but I feel sad..." It is naturally appropriate to use "Sadness" in his name. , and this not only summarizes Yu Xin's life experience, but also expresses the author's deep sympathy for this senior poet, and is also a confession of his sad mood at this time.
This poem has only two words, is rich in content, and has deep emotions. Emotions and scenery, past and present, things and myself are integrated into one. It can be regarded as a masterpiece of epic poems.
Climbing the Phoenix Terrace in Jinling
Li Bai
The Phoenix travels on the Phoenix Terrace, and the Phoenix flows away from the Kongjiang River.
The flowers and plants of Wu Palace are buried in the secluded path, and the clothes of Jin Dynasty become ancient hills.
Beyond the blue sky and half-fallen three mountains, there is Bailuzhou in a body of water.
The floating clouds can always cover the sun, and the absence of Chang'an makes people sad.
Notes:
Phoenix Terrace: The former site is in Fenghuang Mountain, Nanjing today. Wu Palace: The palace of Wu State during the Three Kingdoms period. Three Mountains: In the southwest of today's Jiangning County, there are three peaks standing side by side by the river. Yishui: refers to the river separated by Bailuzhou. Bailuzhou: In the middle of the Nanjing River in Nanjing City, it is now Jiangxinzhou.
Brief analysis:
This poem was written when the author left Chang'an due to being excluded during the Tianbao period and traveled south to Jinling. In terms of writing style, he deliberately imitated Cui Hao's "Yellow Crane Tower". Comparatively speaking, some said that there was no winner, and some said that the spirit was slightly inferior. But this poem is naturally ingenious and expresses a very frustrated mood in politics.
The first two sentences describe the legend of Phoenix Tower. Back then, the phoenix's visit symbolized the prosperity of the dynasty; now that the phoenix has gone to the sky, the prosperity of the Six Dynasties has gone forever. Only the water of the Yangtze River is still flowing, and nature is the eternal existence!
Three or four sentences further develop the meaning of "the phoenix leaves the sky". The once prosperous palace of Wu State has been abandoned, and the romantic compound of the Eastern Jin Dynasty has long since entered the grave. What valuable things did that moment of Xuanhe leave in history?
In five or six sentences, the poet turns from the respect for history above to the endless river. Three mountains are half hidden and half visible, and Bailuzhou divides the Yangtze River into two. These two lines of poetry are magnificent and neatly contrasted. They are rare and beautiful lines.
Seven or eight sentences: Chang'an is the seat of the imperial court, and the sun is the symbol of the emperor. These two lines of poems imply that the emperor was surrounded by evil spirits and had no way to serve the country. He felt very sad. The word "Deng" in the title of the poem is highlighted in "Not Seeing Chang'an", which is familiar to the situation. It has an allegorical meaning and is full of lingering flavor.
Miscellaneous Poems of Qinhuai
Wang Shizhen
The new song is written in Bingwan in fine characters, and the king of Xiaobu looks at it with a smile.
Qin Zhun has been crying for thousands of years, so he should not still hate the official Kongdu.
The author introduces Wang Shizhen (1634-1711), also known as Yuyangshanren, from Xincheng (now Huantai County, Shandong Province). He was a Jinshi in Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty and was promoted to Minister of the Ministry of Punishment. He pursues form and charm in his poetry, and is particularly skilled in craftsmanship. Most of the poems express personal feelings. They were relatively quiet in the early years, but became vigorous after middle age. They had a great influence in the early Qing Dynasty.
Explain that this poem is about Ruan Dacheng's contribution to plays such as "Swallow Notes" during the Southern Ming Dynasty, and it bitterly satirizes the inevitable fall of the Southern Ming regime.
Explanation ① "Qinhuai Miscellaneous Poems" contains twenty poems, chanting historical facts and scenery related to the rise and fall of Jinling. ②New songs - Zaju dramas "Swallow Notes", "Double Gold List", "Loyalty and Filial Piety" written by Ruan Dacheng of the Guide Ming Dynasty, etc. Yangwan - pure white silk. This sentence says that Ruan Dacheng used Wu Ling as a red silk railing, ordered Wang Duo to write the script in regular script, and sent it to the palace as an opera for the inner court. ③ Xiaobu - Liyuan Xiaobu. There is no small department under the opera house in the palace, and the actors are all young people under the age of fifteen. King - Zhu Yousong, the blessed king of the Ming Dynasty. In 1644 AD, he was proclaimed Emperor Hongguang in Nanjing. He was captured by Qing soldiers within less than a year of his reign. This sentence says: King Fu indulges in wine, sex and prostitution day and night. ④Qinhuai--Qinhuai River. Sob - cry. ⑤Kong Duguan--Kong Fan, the Duguan of the Southern Dynasty Empress Chen. Chen Shubao favored Confucius and Fan, indulged in wanton debauchery, and eventually perished. These two sentences say: The Qinhuai River has been crying sadly for thousands of years, but one should not still resent Kong Fan.