What kind of rhetoric is "transfer"
There are two sentences like this in high school Chinese textbooks:
① "I will deeply appreciate this inhuman world" Deep black sorrow; showing my greatest sorrow in the non-human world, making them happy with my pain, and dedicating this to the soul of the deceased as a meager sacrifice." (Lu Xun's "In Memory of Mr. Liu Hezhen." 》)
② "He has a thick black beard, a handsome face, a fat rose hairpin, a slender hairpin, a slender hairpin, a slender face, a charming look, and a charming look." 缁嬬 Mouhuao Ting! 宝ㄌ茝 | "Suo Yi")
① In the sentence, "thick black sadness" uses the color "thick black" to modify the colorless "sadness", here " "Dense black" is an objective phenomenon that can affect the visual organs, but Lu Xun used it to describe the subjective feeling - "sadness". Through the communication of feelings, he more accurately depicts the extreme darkness of the old society and deepens the artistic conception of the article. .
② In the sentence, "stubborn" is usually used to describe a person's character, but now it is used to modify "hair". It is this temporary combination that communicates the portrait with the character and expresses it. It reflects Mr. Lu Xun’s stubborn character and unyielding fighting spirit.
The rhetoric of “shifting” is used in the above two sentences. Although “shifting” is a type of rhetoric, it is often seen. But it is not familiar to people. "Shijiu" is also called word transfer. "Cihai" notes: "When two items are related, the modifier that originally belongs to A thing is transferred to B thing, which is called Shijiu. "The definition of Chen Wangdao's "Rhetoric Fafan" is: "When two impressions A and B are connected together, the author will transfer the characteristics of impression A to impression B, which is called transference. ”
Shifting is a temporary accommodation that changes the relationship between word collocations in a special language environment. It is a creative use of word collocations. From the perspective of language logic, it seems to be illegal and unreasonable, but in specific situations In the language environment, it can give a word a new meaning and enhance the expressive effect of the language.
1. Shifting makes the sentence more concise and vivid. p>
For example, Mao Dun's "Midnight": "Wu Sunfu suddenly sneered and shouted loudly, a kind of iron-green depression and disappointment appeared on his purple face. "Because "iron blue" is used to modify "depression and despair", the portrait description and the psychological description are connected, eliminating the need to write a lot of words about the portrait and psychology separately, making the sentence more concise, vivid, profound and powerful. In Zhang Jie's prose "Digging for Shepherd's Purse", "lazy" is used to modify "chopsticks". Through this clever use, it expresses the indifference of younger generations towards shepherd's purse, thereby showing the gap between the two generations. It has the effect of getting twice the result with half the effort.
2. Shifting makes the sentence more expressive.
In Li Ying's long poem "My China", he wrote "Nanjing Massacre". After that, there is a poem like this: "History / leaning on the angry ruins / standing at the door of hell / washing our / motherland before dawn with hot blood / time and time again", in which "angry ruins" is replaced with " "Ruins" is also "angry". It is conceivable that these highly condensed poems contain unfathomable potential power and have the power to shock people's hearts.
Similarly in In this poem, when describing the ten years of turmoil, the poet used lines such as "sad clouds" and "suffocating rivers". Through the description of images with a sense of sorrow, the poet showed his deep thinking about social reality and his thoughts on the ten years of turmoil. A profound reflection on the turmoil.
3. Shift gives people space for imagination and infinite poetry.
The word itself is not good or bad, it is good when used appropriately. It is the creative use of words. Bold and creative use can often give people infinite poetry. For example, in the sentence "The students held a Mid-Autumn Festival party and a happy bonfire was lit on the playground", "joy" modifies "bonfire", which can fully express the meaning. Mobilizing people's imagination, thinking of the blazing bonfires on the playground, the young smiling faces, and the wonderful programs, it is more effective than a lengthy description. There are also " "Pale days", "thin days", "hot words", "warm eggplants", "light insect chirping", "silent greenery", etc., these combinations that seem to have linguistic problems are often It can arouse our imagination, convey rich emotions, and give us infinite poetry.
In short, displacement seems to be a misuse of words, but it is this misplacement that creates a kind of beauty. A kind of poetic flavor is created, which creates endless artistic tension and has a surprisingly good effect. Flexible use of words is the highest state of word use. We might as well try to "shift" when writing.