1, the ideological content of Tao Yuanming's poems: Tao Yuanming is a great thinker in the Middle Ages. His literary thought is an important part of the literary thought in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. His understanding of truth not only pays attention to the truth of history and life, but also pays attention to the truth of thoughts, feelings and ambitions, which is a perfect artistic truth. At the same time, his understanding of nature also shows the uniqueness of his literary thought. He doesn't talk about enlightenment, he doesn't carve things, he pays attention to the free expression of emotions and the naturalness of poetry, which is a very high realm. However, both advocating artistic truth and advocating literary essence are for the free expression of life. This is the soul of Tao Yuanming's literary thought.
Tao Yuanming has a very clear understanding of the hypocrisy and darkness of social personnel, so his seclusion is not a passive escape from reality, but has a profound positive significance in criticizing social reality. When he was caught in the predicament of hunger and cold in his long seclusion, although he hesitated and wavered, he did not give in to the reality in the end, preferring poverty and sticking to chastity all his life. It is said that the county magistrate sent Du You to see him, and the county official told him to get dressed to see him. He sighed and said, "How can I bow down to the children in the village?" From then on, it is better to talk about not bending over for five buckets of rice. Tao Yuanming likes drinking, and "sending wine as a trace" expresses his desire not to collude with the decadent ruling group, and shows the poet's indifferent and broad-minded mind and aloof and noble character. It is precisely because of this that his works are plain but poetic.
There are more than one hundred and forty articles in * * *, and the allusions of Liezi and Zhuangzi are quoted for more than seventy times, so we cannot but deeply accept the thoughts of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi. Tao Yuanming advocates the natural aesthetics of Laozi and Zhuangzi, while living and working in the countryside. Naturally, rural life became his aesthetic objectification, which made China's pastoral poems brilliant. Tao Yuanming's poetic beauty thought of taking nature as beauty and truth as beauty shines on poetry, illuminates the personality of the characters, and makes readers strongly feel the poet's arrogant and unyielding personality charm of pursuing freedom. Reflected in the content, it is to introduce rural life into the world of poetry and open up a new world for the development of China's poetry; Infiltrating into art is to produce a true and simple artistic realm and an aesthetic style that dilutes nature. This is the great poet Tao Yuanming. For thousands of years, his personality, his poems, his pastoral poems, together with his leisure, have become the objects of worship and research by later poets and readers, which is enough to show that his aesthetic thoughts have infinite vitality.
2. Artistic features of Tao Yuanming's poems: Language The language of Tao Yuanming's works is dull, but this dullness expresses deep feelings and rich thoughts in simple and plain language; The meaning is easy to read, and the connotation needs to be carefully tasted, but it is also sincere. Liang Shiqiu said, "Brilliance is attributed to dullness, but that dullness is not mediocrity, that dullness is not dullness, and that dullness is an artistic charm that does not reveal traces." Such as farmers' spoken language, but the artistic image created is vivid and distinct. Su: "Yuan Ming's poems are slow at first glance and interesting to read. For example, in a remote village, there is smoke in the yiyi market. Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster. He also said,' under the east fence of picking chrysanthemums, you can see Nanshan leisurely.' If the rate is high, it will have a beautiful meaning and can be achieved. For example, a great craftsman carries a kilo without an axe. If you don't know, you will die of exhaustion. "It embodies a clever idea of" seemingly ordinary and most extraordinary, easy and difficult to achieve "(in Wang Anshi's words). Techniques He is good at sketching and painting with freehand brushwork, and his artistic conception is muddy, lofty and full of rational interest. The language is accurate and true, simple and true, the style is sparse and the charm is profound. However, Tao's poems are elegant, leisurely and naturally diluted, and are also generous and unrestrained by King Kong, such as Ode to Jing Ke and Reading the Classic of Mountains and Seas. Shi Tao is also good at combining xing with the beauty of nature. The scenery in his works is both symbolic and real in life. For example, Cloudy Moon and Ye Zhonghua, written by antique people in the seventh song Cloudless Sunset, are not only spring scenery on a moonlit night, but also the most beautiful and prosperous short time in life. The scenes in Tao Yuanming's works are often personified, such as pine trees, fragrant chrysanthemums, returning birds and lonely clouds, which are common scenes in daily life and symbols of the poet's noble character. Tao Yuanming's style is good at poetry, and his poems mostly describe natural scenery and rural life, which is also the main theme of Tao Yuanming's poems. Among them, his excellent works express his boredom with officialdom and secular society, show his interest in leading an honest and clean life and refusing to bow down to please others, but also advocate negative thoughts such as "impermanence of life" and "happy fate". Its artistic features are simple and bright, simple and natural language, extremely refined and unique. Tao Yuanming is the first pastoral poet in China, and his poems focus on expressing his feelings. Lyricism, scenery description and discussion are closely combined, and the scene blends, which embodies the author's personality, his lofty self-worship and his indifference to the secular.
Second, expand the scope of knowledge:
1. Introduction to Tao Yuanming: Tao Yuanming (352 or 365-427), also known as Qian, privately controls the "realm" and is known as Mr. Realm. Chaisang people in Xunyang. A great poet and poet at the end of Eastern Jin Dynasty and the beginning of Southern Song Dynasty. He served as Jiangzhou Wine Sacrifice, Jianwei Army, Zhenjun, and Pengze County Order, and the last official position was Pengze County Order. He left his post for more than 80 days and retired to the countryside. He is the first pastoral poet in China, and is known as the "School of Ancient and Modern Hermit Poetry", with a collection of Tao Yuanming.
2. Main works: Tao Yuanming's handed down works contain * * * poems 125 articles 12, and later generations compiled the Collection of Tao Yuanming.