Poetry expresses people's joys and sorrows in highly concise language and influences people's spiritual world in a unique rhythm and way. Poetry pays attention to association and uses various rhetorical devices such as symbol, metaphor and personification to form a unique language art.
First, the meter of poetry.
"Beat refers to the rhythm that you can beat with your feet", which is the format of light and heavy syllables in each step and the basis of light and heavy sounds when reading aloud. The foot is the analytical unit of a poem, which consists of stressed syllables and unstressed syllables. The stressed syllable is masculine (heavy), marked with "-"or "ˇ", the unstressed syllable is iambic (light), marked with "︶", and the tones can be separated by "/". Here are five common formats:
1.Iambus: It is the most common format, and each step consists of an unstressed syllable and a stressed syllable.
You/my love/my love are as beautiful,
I love so much:
I will always love you, dear,
Until the sea dries up;
Robert burns: My lover is like a red rose.
Attention; art = love = love Bonnie = beautiful a `= all gang = go
In the above example, four steps and three steps intersect, which can be marked as ︶-/︶-/(︶-)
2. Each step consists of a stressed syllable and an unstressed syllable.
In the following example, it is a four-tone cadence (one light syllable is missing) and can be marked as as:-/-/-
Tiger! /Tiger! /burning/bright
In the forest at night
William blake: Tiger.
3. iambic foot: each step includes two unstressed syllables and one stressed syllable. Such as: three-step iambic pentameter-//-
Like a child/from the womb,
Like a ghost/from the grave,
I stood up/took it apart again.
4. Dactylic foot: Each step consists of one stressed syllable and two unstressed syllables. Such as: two-step rise and fall-/-.
Don't touch her contemptuously,
Think of her/think of her sadly.
Thomas Hood
5.Amphibrach: Each step consists of an unstressed syllable, a stressed syllable and an unstressed syllable. For example: three-step iambic-/-The last step in the following example is iambic.
Hush you/my baby/your father is a knight.
Different metrical patterns often appear in the same poem, and metrical analysis has certain reference value for reading poetry. Modern poetry often doesn't follow the rules.
Second, the rhyme of this poem.
Rhyme refers to the poetic writing technique of repeating vowels or consonants to achieve a certain rhyming effect.
1. Final rhyme: the most common and important rhyme method.
1) rhyme: aabb type.
I shot an arrow into the air,
It fell to the ground, I don't know where it is;
Because it flies so fast.
Unable to follow its flight.
Henry wadsworth longfellow: Arrow and Song.
2) Rhyme: abab type.
Sunsets and evening stars,
Give me a clear call!
I hope there are no complaints in the bar,
When I went out to sea,
Alfred Tennyson (1809- 1892): Go through it.
3) Homology: Some poems rhyme until the end, and most of them use a rhyme in the same poem.
Use /I:p/ as the rhyme of * *.
The forest is lovely, dark and deep.
But I have to keep my promise,
I still have a long way to go before I fall asleep,
I still have a long way to go before I fall asleep.
Robert Frost (1874- 1963): On a snowy night, I stopped at the edge of a forest.
2. alliteration: refers to the same consonant at the beginning of several words in a line (verse), forming a rhyme. In the following examples, the alliteration /f/, /b/ and /s/ are used to vividly describe the sight of a ship sailing at sea.
The breeze blows, white foam flies,
Plough follows freedom,
We were the first to explode.
Sink into the silent sea.
Coleridge: the song of the ancient sailor
3. Internal rhyme (homophonic): refers to the internal rhyme formed by the repetition of reasons between words.
/I/ and /Iη/ appear repeatedly in the following poem, showing a happy and peaceful atmosphere.
Spring, sweet spring, is a pleasant king in a year;
Then everything blooms, and then the girls dance in a circle.
Cold doesn't sting, beautiful birds sing:
Cuckoo, puff, puff, puff!
Thomas nashe (1567- 160 1): Spring, sweet spring.