Baimaguan Scenic Area is an important pearl on the cultural tourism line of Deyang Three Kingdoms, and it is built by relying on Baimaguan, one of the five passes of Shu Road and a military town. In addition to Pang Tong Temple, there are also Luofengpo, where Pang Tong was shot down, Pang Tong Tomb where Liu Bei buried Pang Tong, and Daowan Ancient Town, which is dominated by Huizhou Maze Courtyard. There is the earliest national road in the world, the Jinniu Ancient Road, which connects the north and south corridors. As well as the remnants of the past glory, such as Dianjiangtai, Huanmagou, Bagua Ancient Battlefield and Wuding Valley, constitute a beautiful historical corridor for the cultural tourism of Shu and Han in Deyang.
Baima Pass, known as Mianzhu Pass in Han Dynasty, was renamed Lutou Pass in Tang and Song Dynasties, and it is one of the five passes on Jiannan Shu Road. The five passes refer to: Jianmeng Pass, Jianmenguan Pass, Jiangyou Pass, Fucheng Pass and Mianzhu Pass.
Baima Xiongguan locked off the Qinchuan Ancient Road, a north-south traffic trunk line. Li Diaoyuan, a talented scholar and literary master in Luojiang in the Qing Dynasty, described it in a poem: "Yizhou is like the heart, and this place has a small throat", which is known as the "gateway" of Shu capital.
the ancient post road passes through the south and north building of Baimaguan, reaching Chang 'an (now Xi 'an) in the north and Chengdu in the south. It was built in 3 BC when Wuding Mountain was opened. It is one of the great projects in the history of road construction in China. At that time, Zhuge Liang went out of Qishan six times, and a large number of Shu troops and military supplies were continuously transferred to the front line of the Northern Expedition through the ancient post road. During the Tianbao period of the Tang Dynasty, Yang Guifei liked lychees, and Emperor Xuanzong ordered local officials to fly lychees into Beijing via Shu Dao. Du Mu wrote in the poem "Crossing Huaqing Pool": "When riding a princess in the world of mortals, no one knew it was litchi." Today, when you walk on this ancient road, do you feel the fragrance of litchi? In the Qing Dynasty, Prince Guo went to Tibet and walked around the Shu Road. It took more than a thousand years to ride a car for two or three miles, and the west wind rolled up a standard. We could not trace the dense footprints embedded in this ancient road. Only the deep ruts left on the bluestone board were like the annual rings of time, silently telling a long story.
Baima Xiongguan: "Looking at the Qinling Mountains in the north, 8 miles of clouds are locked, and Yizhou in the south is open to thousands of miles." "The mountains are steep, and there are trails that can only accommodate horses and chariots. During the Three Kingdoms period, the camp was also built." Baima Xiongguan is not only a famous ancient battlefield in history, but also a witness to the rise and fall of Shu-Han regime in the past 5 years, and it is also the location of Pang Tong's ancestral tomb in Jing-Hou of Han Dynasty.
Pangtong Ancestral Tomb, a national key cultural relic protection unit.
pang tong's ancestral tomb is located at the top of the white horse, hidden among the dense cypresses. It is the earliest and most well-preserved relic of Shu-Han in the Three Kingdoms in Sichuan. It is not only a witness to the rise and fall of Shu-Han regime in the Three Kingdoms, but also the only memorial hall dedicated to Pang Tong, a statesman and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period. In 198, it was announced by the Sichuan Provincial People's Government as a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit, and in May 26, it was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit.
Pang Tong, born in 179 AD, was born in Feng Chu, a native of Xiangyang, Hubei Province. He was diligent in his studies since childhood, with outstanding intelligence and quality, and was regarded as the "crown of scholars" by Si Mahui.
Battle of Red Cliffs, Pang Tong, Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu jointly defeated Cao Jun, and Pang Tong's talent began to show. Liu Bei took advantage of the situation and took Jingzhou as a shepherd. Pang Tong was appointed by Liu Bei as a county magistrate in Leiyang, and was relieved of his post because of his poor performance. Lu Su, the general of Wu, wrote a letter to Liu Bei, commenting that Pang Tong was "not a hundred miles" and should be reused. At the same time, Zhuge Liang also recommended Pang Tong to Liu Bei: "A man of talent is ten times brighter than a scholar.". When Liu Bei recalled Pang Tong, Pang Tong made an incisive exposition to Liu Bei on the vertical and horizontal aspects of the current situation, and objectively analyzed the advantages and disadvantages. He thought that "only by taking Jingzhou as the foundation, taking Sichuan and Sichuan as the world, and forming a strategic pattern of tripartite confrontation and mutual restraint can we unify the whole country". This conclusion gives an accurate orientation to the development direction of Liu Bei Group.
Pang Tong's outstanding military intelligence and far-sighted political strategy were highly valued by Liu Bei, and he was entrusted with the task of administering China. As a military strategist and corps commander together with Zhuge Liang, an excellent strategist and politician officially entered the historical stage of the Eastern Han Dynasty and played a decisive role.
In the 16th year of Jian 'an (AD 211), after Cao Cao captured Chang 'an, he wanted to continue to capture Hanzhong, but Zhang Lu in Hanzhong was interested in Yizhou, and Yizhou herded Liu Zhang in a panic, so he drove Zhang Song with ulterior motives to persuade Liu Zhang to ask Liu Bei to help defend Yizhou, which led to the disaster of inviting wolves into the house. Liu Zhang sent Fazheng to Jingzhou, but Fazheng offered advice to Liu Bei: "Help Liu Zhang openly and seize Yizhou secretly", but Liu Bei hesitated. Pang Tong also advised Liu Bei: "If you don't take it today, it will be beneficial to people." Liu Bei was enlightened by this remark and finally adopted the opinions of Fa Zheng and Pang Tong.
Liu Bei ordered Zhuge Liang to stay in Jingzhou, and led Pang Tong's troops into Shu along the river. To Fucheng, today's Mianyang City, Liu Zhang gave a banquet in honor of Liu Bei. During the dinner, Pang Tong suggested to Liu Bei that "it is not necessary for a single soldier to take advantage of Liu Zhang's soft prison", but Liu Bei gave up the good opportunity with the idea that "it is not feasible to be grateful".
entrusted by Liu Zhang, Liu Bei was stationed in Jiamengguan, which is now the ancient town of Zhaohua in Guangyuan City, where he spread kindness and bought people's hearts to prepare for seizing Yizhou in the future.
in the seventeenth year of Jian' an (AD 212), Cao Cao sent troops to Lujiang and attacked Wujun. Liu Bei thought that the opportunity to seize Yizhou had come, so he asked Pang Tong to give him a plan, and Pang Tong dedicated it to Liu Bei. Liu Bei thought that the plan was too urgent and the plan was too slow, so he chose one of them to trap and kill two famous Liu Zhang players, Yang Huai and Gao Pei, and successively captured Zitong, Fucheng and Mianzhu, all the way to Chengdu.
In the 19th year of Jian 'an (AD 214), Pang Tong and Liu Beibing captured Luocheng (now Guanghan City) in two ways, and Pang Tong took the lead and died at the age of 36. It's really like "Die before your ambition is rewarded, and heroes have wept on their coats ever since". Liu Bei deeply regretted that Pang Tong was buried in the ancient post road of Baimaguan.
Liu Bei immediately called Zhuge Liang into Shu and stepped up his military offensive. In May of the following year, he captured Luocheng and then captured Chengdu, thus creating the inheritance of Shu and Han. After Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, he posthumously named Pang Tong as the Hou of Shanhaiguan Pass. Later, Liu Chan posthumously appointed Pang Tong as Jing Hou and built a shrine in front of Pang Tong's tomb.
Pangtong Temple has experienced many vicissitudes with the changes of history. In the last years of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (AD 1643), Zhang Xianzhong's Ministry burned the Pangtong Temple in the Battle of Baimaguan. In the 22nd year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (AD 1683), Wang Pingfan was in chaos in Shu, and Pang Tong Temple was destroyed by war again. In the 3th year of Kangxi (AD 1691), the Governor of Sichuan, Nengtai, rebuilt the Pangtong Temple, which was repaired or rebuilt in succession during the years of Yongzheng, Qianlong and Jiaqing, and completed its present scale.
The main structure of Pang Tong's ancestral tomb is divided into four parts: the entrance hall, the second division hall, the Qifeng hall and the cemetery. The main body of the temple is stone and wood structure, with unique architectural style, which is a must among the ancient buildings in Sichuan.
Please look at the entrance hall of Pang Tong Temple. It is like a general's mansion, with a straight eight-character instrument wall, a suspended mountain roof and three semicircular stone arches.
When you enter the hall, you are greeted by two moss-covered ancient cypresses in the courtyard, one with a dragon crown and the other with a phoenix crown, which symbolize the Kongming of Wolong and the Shiyuan of Feng Chu respectively. Legend has it that it was planted by Zhang Fei, and it is known as "Zhang Feibai". In terms of its shape, it is also known as "the second division of Longfeng".
On the left is the Pangtong Temple showroom, which is rich in literature and unearthed cultural relics. You can browse it slowly when you are free to visit later. The "Lutou Mountain Historical Exhibition" will tell you the historical evolution of Lutou Mountain, as well as the tragic years of swords and swords. "Pang Tong's Life and Deeds Exhibition" consists of 36 pictures and two wooden slips, which systematically introduces Pang Tong's short life. Like a shooting star, he left his brilliant light in the vast historical sky forever.
Right in front of it is the Hall of the Second Division, which is dedicated to Pang Tong and Zhuge Liang. Both of them are equally famous. They assisted Liu Bei during their lifetime and worshipped in the same hall after their death. "Looking for the dragon and phoenix posture in those days, the temple where two men were equal in contract". During the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, Luojiang County made an order to write a couplet praising Pang Tong and Zhuge Liang, saying that "they have a world of peace", but "Heaven does not bless Liu Zuo". Pang Tong died young, and Zhuge Liang made progress all his life and devoted himself to it, which was enough to share the sacrifice with Pang Tong.
The second hall is the Qifeng Hall, which is a special hall dedicated to Pang Tong. It was originally the Qifeng Pavilion, but it was changed into a pavilion in the first year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty. Gu Fuchu, a famous talent, wrote a couplet for this temple: "Creations avoid many talents, and dragons and phoenixes are not allowed to belong to one master;" If Mr. Wang does not die, Jiangshan may not be three points. " The second part spoke highly of Pang Tong, and it can be seen that the death of Pang Tong brought huge losses to Liu Bei Group, which was "the safety of the whole world depends on one thing, but whether it is Thailand or not". The history of the later Han Dynasty has clearly confirmed this famous saying.
The stone walls on both sides of the temple are embedded with ancient poetry tablets by Wang Yuyang, Jiang Guolin and Zhang Xianghai, all of which are treasures. The ancient monuments in the East and West Monument Rooms in front of the temple were devastated in the Cultural Revolution, and the ancient monuments stored in the existing monument rooms were collected after the Cultural Revolution.
Now we have come to Pang Tong Cemetery, which is the burial place of Pang Tong. The top of the tomb is carved with a hollow treasure top, and the octagonal phoenix tail is pressed down. The tomb body is a stone hoop cylinder with a circumference of 33 meters. In the 3th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (AD 1691), the Governor of Sichuan, Nengtai, rebuilt the tombstone, and Pang Tong's tomb was like a huge general's helmet. The bird's nest wall in front of the tomb is embedded with the inscription "Biography of Pang Jing Hou". In the tenth year of Qing Qianlong (1745), Yuliu Dingli of Luojiang County, Shen Qian, the county magistrate, and Zhou Wenlin, a tribute from Jiangnan. On both sides of the tomb, according to the story of "Liu Pang Yi Ma, Pang Tong is faithful", there are two pavilions, Delu and Rouge. Around the tomb of the shrine, the ancient cypresses are dense and green. Looking from afar, such as Daise Castle; Close up, it looks like a green screen towering; Viewed from the side, there are many different forms of soldiers, which make Xiongguan a spectacle.
pang tong's ancestral tomb is famous for its long history, rich culture and beautiful mountains and rivers. For more than a thousand years, many tourists have come here to look back on the past, offer sacrifices to the sages, write lyrics, and enjoy the beautiful scenery
In the second year of Ganyuan in Tang Suzong (AD 759), Du Fu came here to pay tribute to Pang Tong and wrote the poem "Lutou Mountain": "There are words that hurt people, where to bury their bones?" In the eighth year of Xiaozong Road in the Southern Song Dynasty (AD 1172), In the autumn of Renxu (AD 1622) in the Ming Dynasty, when Feng Laoqian visited the Second Teacher's Hall, he left a famous sentence, "Wolong is wonderful, and the chicks are magical and incomparable." In the third year of Qing Qianlong (AD 1738), Guo Qing paid tribute to the sages in the Hall of the Second Division and felt that "the two dynasties were worthy of reporting to the Lord, and the three competitions were not completed." In 1954, the Commander-in-Chief of New China passed by Pang Tong Temple and solemnly wrote the words "Faithful to the Soul for a Thousand Years". In 1994, when He Jingzhi visited Pang Tong's ancestral tomb, he splashed ink with a brush, saying, "When the phoenix falls on the slope, the phoenix rises again, and before the White Horse Pass, the white horse takes off."
Many existing couplets poems in Pangtong Temple are masterpieces of famous people and authentic treasures, which add to their rich cultural connotations and tastes.
Go out of Guanlou in the north, and walk 1 km northwards along the ancient post road, and then come to Luofengpo, which is the place where Pang Tong was killed by an arrow in the Three Kingdoms. Luo Guanzhong vividly described the scene at that time: "Pang Tong was shocked and said,' My name is Feng Chu, and the name here is a phoenix slope, which is not good for us and makes the rear army retreat sharply'. I only heard a cannon shot in front of the hillside, and the arrow was like a migratory locust. I only hoped that the rider on the white horse would shoot. Poor Pang Tong died under the disorderly arrows. At the age of 36. " Li Dehan, the magistrate of Luojiang County in Qingganlong, said in "On Falling Phoenix Slope": "You can decide on three-thirds of the plans, but you can't expect your own good or bad." Luo Guanzhong also testified with nursery rhymes: "A phoenix and Yi Long will go to the middle of Shu. Just halfway there, the phoenix died on the east slope. The wind sends rain, and the rain follows the wind. When the Han Dynasty flourished, the Shu Road was connected, and when the Shu Road was connected, there was only a dragon. "
Pang Tong's Tomb of the Crown of Blood (Blood Tomb) in Luofengpo remains, and twelve ancient cypresses around the tomb no longer exist. You can see that there are two stone tablets next to the post road. One is a copy of the place name tablet, the word "phoenix slope"; The other piece is an explanatory tablet of Tongzhi period in Qing Dynasty-"Mr. Pang Fengchu was faithful" and a narrative.
1,7 years ago, the ancient battlefield was characterized by complex landforms, criss-crossing ditches and beams, different and unfathomable stone arrays, and the Bagua Valley was like a maze, with hidden dangers everywhere. Nature's ingenious work made people feel terrified. The air inside is humid and the roads are tortuous, so everyone must be careful when visiting.
In the 18th year of Jian 'an (AD 213), Liu Bei led his strategist Pang Tong, war generals Huang Zhong and Zhuo Ying to conquer Mianzhu Pass, and took Li Yan back, which won the key battle for developing the foundation of Shu and Han.
it took fifty years (in the fourth year of Wei Jingyuan, the first year of Shu Yan Xing, AD 263), Wei general Deng Ai attacked Shu, avoiding the rising of the sun, attacking the level of the yin, and seizing Jiangyou, and Shu general Ma Kui surrendered. Zhuge Zhan defeated Fucheng and retreated to Mianzhu Pass. At that time, Zhuge Zhan, who was the general of Wei, ordered the school of the three armed forces on the platform, and his eldest son Zhuge Shang was the pioneer. He deployed Bagua array in Mianzhu Pass and led the Shu army to fight with Wargo. Eventually, because the enemy was outnumbered, Zhuge Zhan, his son and all the soldiers spilled blood on the battlefield and died. Mianzhu Pass fell, and Cao Cao was sent down, and Shu died.
fifty years of ups and downs, such as clouds coming and going, who can take the place of the hurricane?
Zhuge Dianjiangtai. It is said that the Dianjiangtai was built by Zhang Fei, hence its name. After Pang Tong's death, Zhang Fei was so eager that he dreamed of the land and gave him a "mountain whip" to help him build a desk. At dawn, a shepherd boy met Zhang Fei and came to Jiangtai with a group of behemoths. The shepherd boy asked, "General Zhang, what did you catch?" Zhang Fei replied: "I am rushing to build a general platform." A word came to light, and the mountain whip lost its magic power, and all the stones it drove did not move, so now the stones around the platform are moving towards Jiangtai. At this point, Zhuge Zhan will resist the Wei general Wargo. Therefore, it is also known as Zhuge Dianjiangtai. Now, please take a tour on the stage, and have an addiction to commanding thousands of troops and showing off their glory.
Information source: Xinhuanet Sichuan Channel Luojiang County People's Government Public Information Network.