expressive skills of poetry
1. Rhetoric methods: metaphor, personification, rhetorical question, rhetorical question, metonymy, duality, exaggeration, setting off, allusion, translation, intertextuality, repetition, etc.
2. Expression: narration, discussion, description and lyricism.
Lyricism: It can be divided into direct lyricism and indirect lyricism. Scenes blend).
Description: It can be divided into static and dynamic combination, virtual and real combination, point and surface combination, light and shade combination, front and side combination, rough sketch and fine brushwork; Le Jing writes about mourning, mourning for Syaraku and so on.
3. Expression techniques: Fu, Bi and Xing; Suppress change, elaborate description, symbolize association, set off, contrast, imagination, association, care, and express ambition.
4. Text structure: straight to the point, writing into the topic, expressing one's ambition, bonding feelings with scenery, making a proper total score, seeing the big from the small, deepening at different levels, transitional care, foreshadowing, etc.
5. thoughts and feelings include infatuation, sadness, melancholy, loneliness, sadness, loneliness, boredom, calmness, leisure, joy, admiration, anger, adherence to moral integrity, and concern for the country and people.
6. Function: deepening artistic conception, deepening theme, profound artistic conception, beautiful artistic conception, meaningful, intriguing, far-reaching and so on.
Second, the expression program of poetry appreciation
This poem uses the techniques of (expression, rhetoric and expression), writes the characteristics of (image), and shows (highlights) (certain) thoughts and feelings, which plays a role in (certain).
Appreciation and answering questions
The first mode analyzes the artistic conception
1\ Question: What kind of artistic conception has this poem created?
2\ Question variant: What kind of picture does this poem depict? What kind of thoughts and feelings did the poet express?
3\ solution analysis: this is one of the most common questions. The so-called artistic conception refers to the realm of imagination created by the combination of objects (that is, images) entrusted with the poet's feelings. It includes three aspects: scenery, emotion and environment. Three aspects are indispensable when answering questions.
4\ answer steps:
① describe the picture displayed in the poem. Candidates should grasp the main scenery in the poem and reproduce the picture in their own language. When describing, one should be faithful to the original poem, and the other should be recreated with one's own association and imagination, and the language should be beautiful.
② summarize the characteristics of the atmosphere created by the scenery. Generally, two disyllabic words can be used, such as lonely and cold, quiet and beautiful, magnificent and bleak, etc. Pay attention to accurately reflect the characteristics and emotional appeal of the scenery
③ Analyze the author's thoughts and feelings. Don't be empty, but answer specifically. For example, it is not enough to just answer "expressing the author's sentimental feelings", but to answer "sentimental" why.
5 example of answering questions:
Two quatrains (one) Du Fu is late in the day and beautiful in the mountains and rivers, and flowers and plants are fragrant in the spring breeze. The swallows are busy building their nests in wet mud, and sleeping in pairs in warm sand.
Note: This poem was written when the poet temporarily settled in Chengdu Caotang after "one-year-old and four-line service".
what kind of scenery does this poem depict? What kind of feelings did the poet express? Please make a brief analysis.
a: this poem depicts a beautiful scene of early spring: the sun shines in spring, the fields are green, the river reflects the sun, the spring breeze brings the fragrance of flowers and plants, the mud melts into the soil, the swallows are busy nesting with mud, the sun is beautiful and the sand is warm, and the mandarin ducks are still sleeping on the sandbar (step 1). This is a bright and beautiful spring scene (step 2). It shows the poet's happy and leisurely state of mind after the end of his wandering life (step 3).
the second pattern analysis skill
1\ Question: What kind of expression is used in this poem?
2\ Question variation: Please analyze the expressive skills (or artistic techniques, or techniques) of this poem. How do poets express their feelings? What is the effect?
3\ Solution analysis: Expression is a method used by poets to express their feelings. To answer questions accurately, you must be familiar with some commonly used expression methods. Expression techniques can be divided into three categories: lyrical techniques, descriptive techniques and rhetorical techniques.
There are two kinds of lyric techniques: direct expression and indirect lyric.
"oh, how can I gravely bow and scrape to men of high rank and men of high office, who never will suffer being shown an honest-hearted face" means to express one's mind directly. Indirect lyricism:
1\ Lyricism by taking advantage of scenery, such as "cold cicadas are sad, and the long pavilion is late, and the shower begins to rest";
2\ Expressing ambition by supporting things, such as Mo Mei and Shi Shui Yin, are generally poems about things;
3\ supporting things with logic, such as "when half an acre of square pond is opened, the sky is shining and clouds are hovering." It is generally a philosophical poem to ask if the canal is so clear, because there is flowing water from the source.
Description techniques mainly include:
(1) Set off, divided into positive contrast and negative contrast. Just like "Peach Blossom Pond is deep in thousands of feet, not as good as Wang Lun's". The contrast is also dynamic and static, such as "moonlight in its groves of pine, stones of crystal in its brooks"; The sound is silent, such as "the sunrise scares the birds, and when it is in the spring stream"; Sad feelings are set off by happy scenes, such as "with the green grass of spring colouring the steps, and birds chirping happily under the leaves".
(2) Association and imagination, also known as the combination of reality and fiction, such as "Wild flowers leave treasures, green grass sees a skirt".
(3) comparison.
(4) line drawing. For example, "if you plant a millet in spring, you will reap ten thousand seeds in autumn." There is no idle field in the field, and farmers starve to death. "
Rhetorical devices often appear in ancient poems:
(1) Bixing. Such as "Guan Guanluo dove, in the river continent. My fair lady, a gentleman is good. " Let's talk about what other things cause what is sung.
(2) metaphor. (3) personification. (4) exaggeration.
(5) pun. For example, "Sunrise in the east and rain in the west, the road is sunny but sunny", and "sunny" implies emotional "affection".
(6) allusions. For example, "business women don't know how to hate the country, but they still sing" backyard flowers "across the river."
In addition, there are rhetorical questions, rhetorical questions and irony.
4\ Steps to answer questions:
(1) Accurately point out what technique was used.
(2) Explain why this technique is used in combination with poems.
(3) This technique effectively conveys the poet's feelings.
Example of answer:
Early trip to Chen Yuyi reveals that the camel is brown and Han Xiao is light, and the stars are weak. Lonely bridges and dreams, grass insects singing in the depths of rice fields.
What is the main expression of this poem? What is the effect?
a: the technique of contrast is mainly used (step 1). The sky is not bright, the stars are vertical and horizontal, especially bright, which contrasts the darkness of the night; "Grass insects sing" reflects the silence of the environment (step 2). The two contrasts highlight the poet's early travel and loneliness caused by wandering in his heart (step 3).
The third mode analyzes the language features
1 Question: What are the language features of this poem?
2 question variation: please analyze the language style of this poem. On the language art of this poem.
3 solution analysis: this question type does not require trying to figure out the clever use of individual words, but to taste the language style of the whole poem. Words that can be used to answer questions generally include: fresh and natural, unpretentious, gorgeous, clear and fluent, multi-purpose spoken language, euphemistic and implicit, bold and unconstrained, graceful and graceful style, concise and vivid ... < P > 4 Answer steps:
(1) Accurately point out the language features with one or two words.
(2) Analyze this feature with relevant sentences in the poem.
(3) point out how the author's feelings are expressed.
5 examples of answering questions:
drive the orioles away and all their music from the trees are complaining about spring. They wakened her when she dreamed, that she went to Liaoxi Camp to join him there.
Please analyze the language features of this poem.
a: the language features of this poem are fresh and natural, colloquial (step 1), and "Huang Yinger" is a children's pronunciation, showing the innocence and naivety of women. "they wakened her when she dreamed, that she went to Liaoxi Camp to join him there" shows in plain language that Oriole was beaten because it disturbed her dream of missing her husband (Step 2). This naturally shows the woman's yearning for her husband (step 3).
The fourth mode is refined font
1 Question: What is the most vivid word in this couplet? Why?
2 question variant: a word has always been praised. What do you think is good about it?
3 solution analysis: the ancients paid attention to refining words when writing poems, which is the beauty of demanding to taste these tempered words. When answering questions, you can't talk about the word in isolation, but you have to put it in a sentence and analyze it with the artistic conception and emotion of the whole poem.
4 Answer steps:
(1) Explain the meaning of the word in the sentence.
(2) expand the association and put the word in the original sentence to describe the scene.
(3) point out what kind of artistic conception the word sets off, or what kind of feelings it expresses.
5 example of answering questions:
Nanpubie Baijuyi Nanpu is sad, and the west wind is blowing in autumn. Look back at once, heart - broken, good to leave, do not look back.
Previous people thought that the word "Kan" seemed ordinary, but in fact it was very vivid, and it could truly reveal the image of the lyric hero. Do you agree with this statement? Why?
a: I agree. Look, in the poem, it means looking back (step 1). I left people alone, and I looked back frequently. Every time I looked back, I was deeply grieved. This word makes us seem to see the lyrical hero's teary-eyed image (step 2). Just the word "look" vividly shows the sadness of parting (step 3).
the fifth mode, the word leads the whole poem
1 Question: A word is the key to the whole poem, why?
2 solution analysis: ancient poetry is very particular about conception, and often a word or a word constitutes the clue of the whole poem. Grasping this word proposition can often show the examinee's grasp of the whole poem.
3 answering steps:
(1) the role of the word in highlighting the main idea.
(2) Considering the function of the word in the structure of the poem.
4 example of answering questions:
On a spring night in Los Angeles, I heard the flute and Li Bai's Yu Di flying secretly, and the spring breeze filled Los Angeles. Who can't afford to be homesick when you hear the willow breaking in this nocturne?
the word "folding willow" is the key to the whole poem. What is the meaning of "folding willow"? Do you agree with "key" and why? (College Entrance Examination in 22)
A: The meaning of "breaking willows" is "parting with nostalgia", and the theme of poetry is homesickness (step 1). This homesickness is caused by hearing the flute sound of the "broken willow" song (step 2). It can be seen that "folding willow" is the key to the whole poem.