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Mei Yaochen (May 31, 1002 - May 27, 1060), courtesy name Shengyu, known as Mr. Wanling in the world, Han nationality, Xuancheng, Xuanzhou ( A native of Xuanzhou District, Xuancheng City, Anhui Province today. A famous realist poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, he gave Mei Xun Congzi to Shi Zhongmei.
At the beginning, Mei Yaochen used his kindness to supplement the chief record of Tongcheng, and he successively suppressed the army and judged the judges. In the third year of Emperor You's reign (1051), Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty called him to take the exam, and he was granted the title of Dr. Taichang with the same background as Jinshi. Recommended by Ouyang Xiu, he served as the direct lecturer of the Imperial Academy, and later moved to Wai Lang, an official in the Shangshu Capital. In his later life, he was known as "Mei Zhidao" and "Mei Duguan". In the fifth year of Jiayou's reign (1060), Mei Yaochen passed away at the age of fifty-nine.
Mei Yaochen was able to write poems when he was young, and was as famous as Su Shunqin. He was named "Su Mei" at that time, and was also called "Ou Mei" together with Ouyang Xiu. He advocates realism for poetry and opposes Xikun style. He strives to be plain and implicit in his poetry. He is known as the "founder" of Song poetry. He once participated in the compilation of "New Book of Tang" and annotated "The Art of War" by Sun Tzu. There are also "Collections of Mr. Wan Ling" and "Biographies of Mao's Poems". Mei Yaochen's main achievements
Literature
Although Mei Yaochen was extremely unsatisfied in his official career, he was famous in the poetry world. He was filled with infinite sorrow, anguish, longing and In painful mood, he wrote a lot of exciting poems. At that time, he was as famous as Su Shunqin and had a high reputation in the poetry world. He was called "Su Mei". He also had a good relationship with Ouyang Xiu. They were both promoters of the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty and had a huge influence on Song poetry. He was also known as "Su Mei". "Oume". He actively supported Ouyang Xiu's ancient prose movement. His poems were divided into two types: ancient and descriptive, which were highly praised by people at the time. Ouyang Xiu once thought that his poetry was not as good as that of Yao Chen. In "Preface to the Farewell Collection of Mei Shengyu", Lu You cited the poems of Ouyang Xiuwen, Cai Xiangshu, and Mei Yaochen as "the three stand in a tripod, each of them famous".
Mei Yaochen's poetry creation in his early years was influenced by the Xikun School of Poetry. Later, due to his concern for reality and closeness to the people, his poetic style gradually changed, and he proposed a poetry theory that was diametrically opposed to the Xikun School. He emphasized the tradition of "The Book of Songs" and "Li Sao", and advocated that poetry creation must be inspired by events and inspired by things ("A Reply to the Three Sons of Han, Hua Han, Wu Zhi, Guo Han Liu Yu Ru Seeing the Poems"), and abandoned the flashy and empty poetry. Poetry.
In terms of art, Mei Yaochen paid attention to the characteristics of poetry such as image and implicit artistic conception, and proposed that the scene that is difficult to describe is as if it is in front of you, and there are endless opinions behind the words (Ouyang Xiu's "Sixty-One Poetry Talks" 》quotes) this famous artistic standard and advocates the artistic realm of blandness: There is no ancient or modern poetry, but it is difficult to create blandness. ("Reading Shao Buyi's Poems")
Mei Yaochen's creative practice is consistent with his creative ideas. His poems are rich in realistic content and cover a wide range of subjects. He understood rural life and wrote a number of works that cared about the fate of farmers in his early days, such as "Four Seasons of the Tian Family", "Wounding Mulberries", "Viewing the Farm", "New Cocoon", etc. Later, he wrote "Tian Jiayu" to describe the disasters and pain caused by heavy taxes and corvee to farmers. His famous poem "The Poor Girl in Ru Tomb" deeply reflects the tragic experience of the people through the cry of a poor girl. Some of his poems express his concern for national affairs. Such as "Xiangcheng vs. Snow" Part 2, "Gu Yuan Zhan" and so on. Other chapters, such as "The Yin of the Other", "The Skillful Woman", "Hearing that Ouyang Yongshu was Banished to Yiling", and "The Tiger's Journey", express his hatred for the conservative and decadent forces. He also wrote many landscape poems, among which poems such as "Cold Grass", "Seeing a Cowherd Playing the Flute across the River", "Watching a Cockfight at a Late Moor" embody profound philosophy in ordinary scenery or things. Mei Yaochen's poems are characterized by plain style and implicit artistic conception. He is good at using simple and natural language to depict clear and novel scenery. For example, "Mountain Trip to Lushan" describes the desolate and quiet scenery in the mountains in late autumn with meticulous detail. In addition, in the dream of a thousand miles at the fifth watch, the waning moon fills the city with chickens ("Dream to Uncle Ouyang Yong"). At last, the duck sleeps on the shore and has leisure, and the old tree is full of flowers and has no ugly branches ("East River"). You don't know how it will be if you don't go upstairs. On that day, the whole city was full of Liu Shaohuang ("The Examination Bi Dengquan Tower"), which are all beautiful poems written by Yi Xinyu Gong to describe the scenery. But his poems also sometimes have a majestic and strange side, such as "Yellow River" and "Dream of the River Han", which are magnificent and completely different from his general style. Because his poetry was greatly influenced by Han Yu and Meng Jiao, his art tended to be overly argumentative and prose. Sometimes his language was too simple and old-fashioned and lacked literary grace. These shortcomings can be regarded as the price paid for a correct and flashy poetic style.
He made an important contribution to opening up the path of Song poetry. Ouyang Xiu called plum poetry "like a charming young girl, who has her own beauty after old age." Liu Kezhuang called it "the best of Song poetry" in "Houcun Poetry Talk" The founder" ("Houcun Poetry Talk"). Gong Xiao said that he "got rid of the frivolous habits, detached himself from the extreme disadvantages of Kun style, and kept the ancient and indifferent way, which was outstanding before all the others" ("Appendix to the Collection of Mr. Wan Ling"), Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Fishing" "The Later Collection of Yincong Hua" states that "Sheng Yu's poetic work was ordinary and he became a family of his own." Qian Zhongshu said that he "advocated 'blandness', which had a very high reputation and great influence at the time."
Politics
Mei Yaochen in Jingyouyuan of the Northern Song Dynasty In 1034, he was transferred to the county magistrate of Jiande (now Dongzhi County, Anhui Province). He served as an official in Jiande County for five years until he left office in the fifth year of Jingyou (1038).
Mei Yaochen was an honest man, noble and self-sustaining. He was able to understand the sufferings of the people and did his best to do many things to benefit the people. He often went to the countryside to visit people's homes privately, talked with farmers, bricklayers, and poor women to understand the sufferings of the people. He also personally went to the scene of forest fires and flooded streams to conduct on-the-spot inspections; Being a small county in a mountainous area, there was a dilapidated bamboo fence outside the county office that needed repair, so it became an excuse to blackmail the officials. Mei Yaochen decided to replace it with an earthen wall and planted a clump of bamboo in the courtyard.
In order to commemorate Mei Yaochen, the local people named the county seat "Meicheng", which continues to this day. Wherever he was an official, many people built temples for him. Wu Shidao of the Yuan Dynasty praised him in "Mei Gong Pavilion" as "a person who is described as benevolent, willing to work, gentle and courteous, and sincere".