Yang Wanli, Xugongdian, Suxin City
The fence is sparse and one foot deep, and the flowers on the treetops have not yet formed shade. The children hurriedly chased the yellow butterfly, which flew into the cauliflower and was nowhere to be found.
[Note]
1. Xugongdian, Xinshi: Place name. 2． Fence: fence. 3. Path: path.
4. Yin: The leaves are lush and dense. 5. Rush: run.
[Brief Analysis] This is a poem describing the rural scenery in late spring. It depicts for us a spring-filled picture of children flapping butterflies.
The first two sentences, "The fence is sparse and one path deep, and the flowers on the treetops have not yet become shade" point out the background of children catching butterflies. There is a sparse fence and a deep path. There are several trees beside the fence. The petals are falling from the branches, and the young leaves have not yet turned into shade. Fences and paths indicate that this is a rural area; "the flowers have fallen before they become shades" and "cauliflower" in the conclusion indicate that this is the late spring season.
The last two sentences, "Children hurriedly chased yellow butterflies, flying into cauliflowers and nowhere to find them." The colored pen was moved to the center of the picture to depict the joyful scene of children catching butterflies. "Running fast" and "chasing" mean to run and chase quickly. These two verbs are very vivid and vivid, vividly portraying children's innocent, lively, curious and competitive demeanor and psychology on the page. "Flying into the cauliflower and finding nowhere" suddenly turns the moving shot into stillness. The three words "Nowhere to be found" leave room for readers to imagine and reminisce, as if there is another child in front of us who is scratching his head and feeling at a loss in front of a field of golden cauliflower.
This poem uses line drawing techniques, which is easy, natural and vivid. Yang Wanli was an upright official, but he was once hated by his traitors. After being dismissed from office, he lived in the village for a long time. He was very familiar with rural life. His descriptions are naturally touching and interesting.
Xu Wei (1521-1593) was a Han nationality and a native of Shanyin (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). The original name was Wenqing, later changed to Wenchang, and his nickname was Tianchi Shanren, or Tian Shuiyue, Tian Danshui, Qingteng Laoren, Qingteng Taoist, Qingteng layman, Tianchi Yuyin, Jinlei, Jinhuishanren, Shan Other nicknames include Yin Buyi, Baijiu Shanren, and Ebi Shannong. Chinese writer, calligrapher, painter, and military strategist in the Ming Dynasty. Stories and legends about him are also widely circulated among the people, about how smart he was when he was young and how he later played tricks on officials.
He is a poet, he is a painter, he is a calligrapher, he is a military strategist, he is a dramatist, he is a folk writer, he is a gourmet, he is an alcoholic, he is a crazy Zen Buddhist, He is a Taoist priest, a traveler, a historian, a psychopath, and a murderer. Hu Zongxian, Li Chengliang, Yu Dayou, Qi Jiguang, Li Rusong, Mei Guozhen, Wu Dui, Zhang Yuanyu, Zhu Dashou, Wang Ji, Tang Xianzu, Tang Shunzhi, Mao Kun, Tao Wangling, Wang Siren, Ji Ben, Shen Kuo, Shen Mingchen, Sanniangzi, Li Chunfang, Emperor Jiajing, Yan Song, Xu Jie, Li Ben, Zhao Wenhua, Yan Maoqing, Wang Zhi, Xu Hai, Yang Shun, Wang Yan, Wang Shizhen, Li Panlong, Xie Zhen—Xu Wei has dealt with these people all his life. After his death, Yuan Hongdao, Shen Defu, Feng Menglong, Zhang Dai, Chen Hongshou, Huang Zongxi, Zheng Banqiao, Qi Baishi and others all worshiped him.
According to research, China's greatest realist masterpiece "The Plum in the Golden Vase" may also have been written by Xu Wei.
Biography of Xu Wei (Wen Chang)
Original text
Xu Wei, also known as Wen Chang, was a scholar in Shanyin and had a great reputation. When Xue Gonghui was in school, he was astonishingly talented and had the eyes of a national scholar. However, he was so strange that he failed every time he tried. Zhongcheng Hu Gongzong heard about it and visited various scenes. Whenever Wen Chang saw him, he would wear gingham and black scarves and talk about world affairs. Duke Hu was overjoyed. At that time, the Duke and Governor had several border soldiers, imposing a strong command on the southeast; the men in charge were crouching and crouching, not daring to raise their heads, while the chief minister was proud of his subordinates; the discussants were Liu Zhenchang and Du Shaoling. I will get a white deer genus and a long article. On the table, Yongling is happy. This is a strange thing for him, and all his plans are made by him. The article is long, boastful of talent, curious about tactics, and good at talking about military affairs. Those who regard everything in this world as nothing to take seriously are not accidental. Since Wen Chang no longer wanted to be a minister, he went on a wandering tour of Qi, Lu, Yan, and Zhao, wandering around the Shuo Desert. What he saw were mountains running into the sea, thunder rolling over the sand, roaring rain, crumbling trees, mostly deep valleys, people, fish and birds, all of which were shocking or astonishing, all of which were captured in the poem. There is an indelible anger in his chest, the sorrow of a hero who has lost his way and has no way to support himself. Therefore, his poems are like anger and laughter, like the sound of water in the gorge, like the seeds being unearthed, like the widow crying at night, and the coldness that makes people feel cold. Although his physique may sometimes be inferior, his ingenuity is unique and he has the aura of a king, which is beyond the reach of those women who work for others. The writing is insightful, the spirit is calm and the method is strict. He does not damage his talent with imitation, and does not damage his character with discussion, just like Han and Zeng. The article chief was both elegant and out of tune with the times. At that time, the so-called leader of the show was scolded and angered by the article chief, so his name did not come from Yue, sad husband! She likes to write books, and her writing style is as unrestrained as her poems. In her vigorous and charming style, she is like a woman who Ouyang Gong said is "a charming young girl who has her own beauty after old age." There are other flowers and birds in the room, all of which are elegant and graceful. He killed his step-brother on suspicion and was sent to prison to discuss his death. Zhang Taishi Yuan Xingli tried to explain it, but he came up with it. In his later years, his anger will become more and more intense, and his pretending to be mad will become even more severe. If someone shows up, he may not be accepted when he comes to the door. At that time, he would bring money to the wine shop and call his servants to drink; he might hold an ax and smash his head, causing blood to flow to his face, and his skull would be broken, and there would be a sound when he rubbed it; In his later years, Zhou Wangyan's poems and essays became more and more curious, and he had no printed copies, so he kept them at home. In the same year, there were officials who passed the imperial examination, and I asked them to record them with banknotes, but they have not yet arrived. What I have seen are only two types: Xu Wenchangji and Quebian. However, Wen Chang died because he could not keep up with the times and became angry.
Shi Gong said: "Mr. Hu was so strange that he became violently ill; he was so mad that he was imprisoned. There are no literati in ancient and modern times who complained about hardships like Mr. Hu!" Although, Hu Gong was a great hero in the world, the hero of Yongling, and he was very polite in his scenes. The difference is that Hu Gong knows Mr. You. On the surface, the owner is pleased, because the owner knows that he has a husband. Being single is not expensive. The rise of Mr. Wang's poetry has swept away the filthy habits of modern times. After hundreds of generations, it has its own conclusions. Why don't you encounter it? Mei Kesheng sent a letter to me and said: "My old friend, I have a long essay. Diseases are strange in people, and people are strange in poetry." I said: "There is nothing strange about the long essay. It is strange without it. This is why it is strange without it." Not surprising! Sad husband!"
Translation
Xu Wei, with a long pseudonym, was very famous when he was a student in Shanyin County, and Xue Gonghui was an academic official in Zhejiang. , appreciates his talent very much and thinks that he is an outstanding talent in the country. However, he had bad luck and failed the exams many times. After hearing about his reputation, Zhongcheng Hu Gong Zongxian invited him to the shogunate as a guest. Whenever Mr. Wen saw Mr. Hu, he would wear a long Gebu gown and a black turban, speak freely and talk about world affairs without scruple, and Mr. Hu would be very happy after hearing this. At that time, Hu Gong commanded the troops in several defense areas, covering the southeast area of ??Weizhen. The armored warriors in front of him always knelt down to reply, crawled around, and did not dare to look up. However, as a member of the Zhang family, Wen Chang was very arrogant towards Hu Gong. Commentators compared him to figures like Liu Zhenchang and Du Shaoling. It happened that Hu Gong had hunted a white deer and thought it was auspicious to offer it to the emperor. He asked Wen Chang to write a congratulatory note. After the note was written, Emperor Sejong was very happy after reading it. Therefore, Duke Hu appreciated the length of the article even more, and handed over all sparse memorials and bookkeeping to him. Wen Chang is very conceited about his intelligence and strategy, and he likes to come up with surprises. His discussion of military strategy often hits the mark. In his opinion, nothing in the world is satisfactory. However, he failed to get the luck to realize his ambition after all. Since Wen Chang was unsuccessful in officialdom, he indulged himself in drinking and indulged in the mountains and rivers. He traveled to Shandong (Qilu), Hebei (Yanzhao), and enjoyed the scenery of the desert beyond the Great Wall. He saw the mountains and cliffs, the waves rushing, the sky full of sand and thunder, the roaring of wind and rain and the fallen trees, as well as the deep and deserted valleys and the bustle of the city, as well as the strange people, fish and birds, everything that can make people... The shocking and frightening natural and cultural landscapes are all written into the poem one by one. He has an indelible spirit of hard work and a sense of desolation that heroes have no place to play, so the poems he writes sometimes seem like anger, sometimes like laughter, sometimes like mountain torrents rushing through canyons, making thunderous sounds, sometimes like Spring buds break through the ground, full of vitality. Sometimes his poems are like a widow crying late at night, sometimes like a wanderer awakened by the cold wind. Although the style and rhythm of these poems are sometimes not very clever, they are ingenious and have the spirit of a prince. They are not the kind of kitsch poems that serve others like women and dare not match them. Xu Wenchang's articles are full of insights, calm and precise. He does not suppress his talent and creativity by following conventions, nor does he harm the rigorous reasoning of his articles by indulging in unbridled discussion. He belongs to the first class of Han Yu and Zeng Gong. Article writer. Xu Wenchang never catered to the trend of the times. He angrily criticized all the so-called literary leaders at that time. Therefore, his reputation was limited to his hometown of Zhejiang. This is really sad! Wen Chang likes calligraphy, and his writing style is as bold and unrestrained as his poetry. A charming gesture emerges from the vigorous and heroic, just like Ouyang Gong's saying that beauty has another charm in her old age. Sometimes, he devoted his remaining energy to creating paintings of flowers and birds, which were beautiful, elegant and interesting. Later, Wen Chang was imprisoned and sentenced to death on suspicion of accidentally killing his step-wife. Zhang Yuanbian Taishi tried his best to rescue him, and he was released from prison. In his later years, Xu Wenchang became more and more resentful of the world, and his pretense of madness became even more powerful. When dignitaries and celebrities came to visit him, he would often refuse to see him. He often went to the hotel with money and invited his servants to drink with him. He once hit his own head with an axe, blood flowed all over his face, and his skull was broken. He rubbed it with his hands, and the broken bones made a cracking sound. He also used a sharp awl to dig into his ears more than an inch deep, but he did not die. Zhou Wang said that his long poems and essays became more and more bizarre in his later years, but there were no engraved copies in circulation, and the collected poems and essays were all hidden at home. In the same year that I took the imperial examination to become an official in Zhejiang, I commissioned them to transcribe a long poem, but I have yet to get it. What I have seen are only two types: "Xu Wenchang Collection" and "Xu Wenchang Collection Quebian". But Xu Wenchang finally died because he was out of step with the times, could not stretch his ambitions, and resented the world. I think: Mr. Xu Wenchang's life has always been difficult and full of ups and downs, which made him furious and mad. The continuous attacks of madness led to him being thrown into prison. From ancient times to the present, no scholar has complained, resented, and suffered hardships more than Mr. Xu Wenchang. But despite this, Hu Gong was a great hero, and Shizong was a wise emperor who appreciated him. Xu Wenchang received special courtesy in Hu Gong's tent, which shows that Hu Gong recognized his value. After the memorial was delivered, Shizong was very happy, which showed that the emperor knew his value. The only thing Mr. Wenchang lacks is his failure to become a noble person. The rise of Mr. Wenchang's poetry has swept away the complex and despicable habits of the modern literary world. A hundred generations later, there will be a fair conclusion. How can we say that he was born at the wrong time? Mei Kesheng once wrote to me: Xu Wenchang is an old friend of mine. His strange disease is more strange than him being a weirdo, and his being a strange person is even more strange than his strange poems. I think there is nothing about Xu Wenchang that is not weird and strange. Just because there is no place that is not weird and strange, this is why there is no place in his life that is not difficult.
How sad!