Section 1 Du Fu and the Historicity of His Poems
Understand:
① Du Fu's life experience, ideological character and his poetry creation.
Du Fu was a famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty, and his family cultural tradition of loyalty to Confucianism and law-abiding had a great influence on his thought of loyalty to the monarch, love for the people and love for things. Later, he was trapped in Chang' an for ten years and was down and out. After the Anshi Rebellion, he was displaced and sick.
Du Fu's thought was greatly influenced by Confucianism, but he also had many contacts with Taoism and Buddhism, not limited to one school. As a "poet saint", Du Fu is the idol of China traditional intellectuals and the embodiment of Confucian cultural ideal personality. Represented the "social conscience" at that time. Du Fu not only became the spokesman of the tragic life in troubled times, but also sang songs close to reality with blood and tears, showing the mind of the benevolent. The resulting style of Du Fu's poems is big, heavy and clumsy, which is the highest poetic spirit of traditional Confucianism.
② Du Fu's new topic Yuefu
Du Fu inherited the spirit of patriotism and love for the people in The Book of Songs and Li Sao, developed the fine tradition of "writing current affairs" in the folk songs of the two Han Yuefu Dynasties, and founded a new Yuefu with "nothing to rely on".
Application:
① Realistic techniques in Du Fu's poems.
1) The historicity of Du Fu's poems determines the realistic writing technique. It is indeed a prominent feature of Du Fu's poetry to enter the poem with current events and face the social reality directly.
2) Du Fu's classical Yuefu poems, in addition to imitating the intention of the ancient Yuefu in Han and Wei Dynasties to write current events with "line" poems, can also independently create new themes and create original styles, such as Chedian.
3) The realism of Du Fu's poems not only narrates events, but also pays attention to details. These details, or people, events or artistic conception, are carefully portrayed, and the truth can be seen from the details, which unfolds the picture and introduces people into a certain atmosphere and realm.
4) The realism of Du Fu's poems is also strongly lyrical, but it also contains tears and affection when it comes to current affairs. This is not only because he can put himself in the people's shoes, but also because he is a member of ordinary people. As long as he truly tells what he has seen, heard and felt, he becomes the spokesman of the people.
② The historicity of Du Fu's poems.
1) Du Fu's poetic images truly reflect the turmoil of the times before and after the An Shi Rebellion. It is a mirror of the times and is known as "the history of poetry". This first lies in the historical cognitive value of Du Fu's poems. Important historical events that are often mentioned are reflected in his poems.
2) The "poetic history" nature of Du Fu's poems is not that it provides historical facts. Historical facts only provide events, while Du Fu's poems provide a broader, more concrete and more vivid picture of life than events. Even if we write about the sufferings brought by the war to the people, their experiences and their inner sadness from a person and a family, we can still feel some psychological States of the society at that time. From the beginning of understanding history, this kind of poetry has the significance of poetry history.
The rhyme of Du Fu in the second quarter
Understanding: "Olympic sports" rhyme
Du Fu broke the fixed music score and created an "awkward style" in the variation of rhythm style. The strange sentences in Du Fu's Seven Laws are irregular, which reflects the poet's creative pursuit of creating new words and seeking common ground while reserving differences.
Application:
① The artistic features of Du Fu's quatrains.
Du Fu's quatrains after he entered Shu are mostly poems describing local scenery and customs, such as the first of the nine quatrains and the seven quatrains on the riverside.
Different from the general quatrains in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Du Fu's quatrains are not so melodious and harmonious in tone, but they are varied in composition and syntax, detailed in description, able to express ideas in twists and turns, influenced by folk songs, and more mixed with popular spoken language at that time. Du Fu's poems include both couplets and short chapters. There are both regular tunes and awkward styles, and there are many real works in one go. Its beauty lies in its profound meaning. However, the tone is steep, the pen and ink are solid, and there are many discussions, which changed the implicit and beautiful style of quatrains in the prosperous Tang Dynasty and created a new quatrains style consistent with its depressed and frustrated style.
(2) Du Fu's achievements in creating rhythmic poems.
Du Fu expanded the theme of metrical poetry to almost the same extent as classical poetry, and made extraordinary achievements in art.
1) is good at five laws and seven laws.
Du Fu's mastery of the Five Laws has reached a very skillful level. Not only is the rhythm fine, but the poetic scene is muddy and changeable, from grand artistic conception to bleak, and from majestic weather to meticulous and graceful scenes, making it eclectic, such as a moonlit night.
Du Fu was the first master of the Seven Laws, and his seven laws exceeded the sum of his previous creations. Du Fu's poems are free and easy, and he tries his best to change things. He is in harmony with the law, but he can't see the shackles of the law. He can't see the traces of the confrontation, such as the two sides of the Yellow River being recaptured by the imperial army. His achievements in this field have reached perfection.
2) Write a group of poems with metrical poems.
In order to expand the expressive force of metrical poems, Du Fu expressed some difficult and broad contents in the form of group poems, which are found in the five laws and seven laws.
3) Inconsistent laws and quatrains
Du Fu broke the fixed score. Du Fu not only created a group of poems with "linked chapters", but also created an "awkward style" for the variation of metrical poems. There are seven rhythmic styles in his later years. This awkward body is different from some irregular phenomena in the early period of the Seventh Law. It is a general change after maturity, showing the integrity of change. However, the strange sentences of Du Fu's Seven Laws have no rules to be found. Sometimes it is to let nature take its course and give up the law of temperament, and sometimes it is intentional. Law is the law of ability and time, the contradiction of conflict, which embodies the poet's creative pursuit of creating new words and seeking common ground while reserving differences.
The third section is the artistic style of Du Fu's poems and its influence on later generations.
Understanding: Depression and depression.
The main style feature of Du Fu's poems is depression and frustration, and the emotional tone of the depression and frustration style is sadness. Depression means that his emotional sadness is getting stronger and deeper; Drug withdrawal refers to the ups and downs of his emotional expression and repeated low returns.
Application:
① The artistic style of Du Fu's poems is gloomy and frustrated.
The main style feature of Du Fu's poems is depression and frustration, and the emotional tone of the depression and frustration style is sadness.
Du Fu's poems have a deep concern, whether it is sketching people's sufferings, homesickness for friends, or writing about his own poverty, his feelings are deep and broad. His poems contain an accumulated emotional force. Every time he wants to spit it out, his kindness and his Confucian self-restraint form a neutral attitude towards life, which suppresses the grief that is about to spit it out and makes it slow, deep and low.
② The embodiment of Du Fu's poems.
Three main aspects of du fu's poems.
1) learn from the experience of predecessors with an open mind, and don't think that today's people love the ancients;
2) Poetry has many styles and styles;
3) I have profound skills, and I can also talk big, and my words are not amazing.
③ The influence of Du Fu's poems on later literature.
Judging from the development of Tang poetry, Du Fu is a figure connecting the past with the future. Du Fu's poetry is a turning point in the development of Tang poetry. Because Du Fu's poems are diverse and unique, he has accumulated rich artistic experience, which provides various possibilities for future generations' further development.
Du Fu's more important influence lies in his thoughts and sentiments. His sincere feelings of caring for national security and sympathizing with people's sufferings were admired by scholars of all ages and had an inestimable influence on the formation of literati's personality.
Chapter V Dali Poetry Circles
Understand:
① the transitional style of Dali's poetry
The poetic style of Dali is a transitional poetic style during the evolution and transformation of the poetic style of Tang Dynasty in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
(2) The artistic features of Dali poetry.
The poets in this period lost the high spirit of the literati in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Their poems show a lonely and indifferent state of mind, pursue elegant and elegant state of mind, and show a kind of indifferent life interest. Although it has flavor, it gradually shows the face of the middle Tang Dynasty.
The first section Wei and Liu Changqing
Understand:
① Wei's poetry creation is divided into early and late periods.
Some of Wei's early works inherited the tradition of poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty who cared about reality and pursued ideals, and there was no lack of high-spirited and cheerful life spirit, such as "Leave it as usual";
In Wei's later works, the lofty spirit of generosity for the country disappeared, and it was replaced by helplessness and indifference in seeing through the world, with a leisurely and simple style. He yearned for seclusion and tranquility, and deliberately imitated Tao Yuanming's frankness and plainness, which became the dominant tendency of his poetry creation, such as "To a Taoist hermit Chuanjiao Mountain".
② Liu Changqing's mentality and his poetry creation.
Liu Changqing spent most of his life in adversity, so he was in a state of depression for a long time, which added some melancholy emotions to his poems, such as Farewell to Pei Langzhong and Deportation to Jizhou.
Application:
① The artistic features of poetry in the late Wei Dynasty.
In Wei's later works, the lofty spirit of generosity for the country disappeared, and it was replaced by helplessness and indifference who saw through the world, with a leisurely and simple style. His pastoral poems combine the expressive techniques of Xie Su's poems and the charm of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems, adding a new realm to his pastoral poems. He is not a person who forgets the world blindly, and his pastoral poems have a new tendency to face reality directly.
② The artistic features of Liu Changqing's poems.
The sadness and melancholy of bad luck are progressive step by step, and the bleak feeling of life frustration is particularly strong and long when it is integrated into the bleak scenery description. A lonely and melancholy living experience dominated by tragic fate, combined with the decline and desolation of a specific era, converged into an untimely indifference and loneliness, which appeared repeatedly in Liu Changqing's poems, and made the composition of his poetic images have a certain tendency of typology.
In the second quarter, the top ten talents in Dali
Remember: "Ten Talents in Dali Period"
The names of "Ten Talented Scholars" were first found in Ji Xuan Collection by Yao, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, namely Li Duan, Lu Lun, Ji Zhongfu, Han Han, Qian Qi, Si Kongshu, Miao Fa, Cui Yao, Geng Kun and Xia Houshen.
Understanding: Ten Talents in Dali is equally famous.
An important reason why the "Ten Talented Scholars" are equally famous lies in their main creative tendencies and similarities in poetic styles.
Application: the artistic characteristics of ten gifted scholars' poems in Dali period
The poems of "Ten Talented Scholars" did not provide more new things than their predecessors, and their elegant and free-spirited artistic pursuit was deeply influenced by the poetic styles of Wang and Meng in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and the two were in the same strain. However, Dali's poetry also has its own distinctive characteristics in terms of color and image composition, which is closely related to the style, artistic conception and writing skills of poetry.
1) Due to the untimely feeling and depressed spirit of Dali poets, the choice of words in their poems dominated by their specific mood and emotions often has a sad, bleak and even dim color.
(2) Ten gifted scholars tend to use descriptive images, write poems in a simple way and innovate images.
3) The use of concrete descriptive images in poetry can ensure the freshness of the works, but it requires the poet to carefully observe the objective world, carefully distinguish between objects and images, and then write them vividly, so the poems written by Dali poets are more realistic.
Section 3 Gu Kuang and Li Yi
Understand:
① The main genres and styles of Gu Kuang's poems.
The main genres of Gu Kuang's poetry are classical poetry and Yuefu.
His poems, whether ancient or modern, are obviously influenced by Jiangnan folk songs, with popular and lively style and vernacular language.
② Li Yi's four-line frontier poems are the most famous.
Due to more than ten years of military life experience, Li Yi's frontier poems are the best. Because all his poems are exquisite, especially the seven-character poems are the first, so his frontier poems are also famous for their seven-character poems.
Application:
① The characteristics of Gu Kuang's poetry and its influence on Bai Yuan and Han Meng's poetry school.
Gu Kuang's quatrains are obviously influenced by folk songs, such as On the River. However, Gu Kuang's poems are often strange in common customs, imaginative and metaphorical, and full of wild spirit, such as "Elegy".
Gu Kuang's poems foreshadow the similarities between Zhenyuan and Bai Yuan and Han Meng. Its popularity has influenced the schools of poetry in Bai Yuan. Its unruly uniqueness was inherited and strengthened by Han Meng's poetry school.
② The duality of Li Yi's poetic style.
Li Yi's poetry presents the duality of the poetic style of Dali, which has both the aftertaste of the prosperous Tang Dynasty and the voice of the middle Tang Dynasty.
Writing scenery, expressing feelings, and paying attention to capturing poetry in an instant are not as important as grasping the overall feelings of poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Instead, they tend to describe poetry, painting and music in a more subtle and profound way, so the charm is particularly far-reaching.
Chapter VI Poetry in the Middle Tang Dynasty
Feeling: the change of poetry from yuan to ti.
Poetry in the middle Tang Dynasty, from the middle of Zhenyuan to Yuanhe years, was the second peak of poetry creation in the prosperous Tang Dynasty after Kaiyuan and Tianbao, and poetry became new with Yuanhe style.
The first section Bai Yuan poetry genre
Memory:
① Bai Juyi's life
Bai Juyi, whose real name is Lotte, worked as an official to a bachelor of Hanlin, and retired as an official in his later years, calling himself "Xiangshan layman".
② Bai Juyi's poetry classification.
Bai Juyi divided his poems into four categories: satirical poems, leisurely poems, sentimental poems and miscellaneous poems.
③ Yuan Zhen's life
Yuan Zhen, known as Yuan Jiu in the world, was sentenced to Emperor Kedeng in the same book as Bai Juyi, and once served as an official governor.
Understand:
① Bai Juyi's poetic thought
Bai Juyi believes that "articles are written in the times, songs and poems are written in things" and regards literature as a sharp weapon to relieve society and improve life.
② "element and body"
The poems written by Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi during the Yuan Zaju period are long and poor in rhyme, and the "small chapters" between cups of wine sigh their own experiences, together with their erotic poems, are collectively called "Yuan and Ti".
③ Zhang Ji and Wang Jian's Yuefu Poems
Wang Jian, Zhang Jihe, was an early poet who wrote Yuefu poems in the middle Tang Dynasty, and he was an excellent "Zhang Wang".
Zhang Ji is famous for his Yuefu poems, with a wide range of themes, mostly "Shu Ren, vulgar things", but he often reveals social microcosm from one person and one thing, such as wild old songs and shepherd's poems.
Among Wang Jian's poems, Yuefu poems have the highest achievements, a wide range of subjects, and strong love and hate, such as Tian Jia Xing. Wang Jian has a tendency to use common sayings and folk songs in his creation. Some short poems are popular, fluent and well-known, such as Poems of the Bride.
Application:
① The different characteristics of Bai Juyi's satirical poems, leisurely poems, sentimental poems and miscellaneous poems.
Bai Juyi values his satirical poems most. His allegorical poems sharply reflected the social contradictions between exploitation and being exploited, poverty and affluence at that time, such as Qin Zhongyin's Ten Flowers.
The representative works of sentimental poems "Song of Eternal Sorrow" and "Pipa Travel" are Bai Juyi's most successful works. The outstanding feature of its artistic expression is the strengthening of lyric factors.
Among Bai Juyi's miscellaneous poems, there are some works describing landscapes and friendship, such as Mujiang Song. Writing is natural, bright and mellow.
Bai Juyi's leisurely poems mostly describe his personal feelings about life when he is leisurely and alone, which is obviously influenced by Tao Yuanming and Wei, and his poetic style is shallow and plain.
② The different characteristics of Yuan Zhen's satirical poems, erotic poems and mourning poems.
Yuan Zhen boldly used ancient themes or quasi-new themes to create new Yuefu poems. In the new Yuefu poems, he talked about social problems and satirized current politics, such as "The Weaver Girl", "Tian Jia Ci" and "Shang Yang Bai Mao Ren". However, some of his new Yuefu poems are not as good as Bai Juyi in the breadth and depth of criticism and the vividness of characterization.
What truly represents Yuan Zhen's creative characteristics are the elegies of Shallow Poems and Where Are You Going? For example, the fourth of the five songs of Congsi can be regarded as a sad and touching swan song, which is not only high in analogy, but also lyrical and wonderful in brushwork.
After the death of his wife Wei Cong, Yuan Zhen wrote many touching mourning poems, three of which were the most praised. These three poems are all descriptions of trivial matters after the death of his wife, but they contain a feeling of life, and some of them are especially full of sadness and touching.
Section 2 Han Meng School of Poetry
Memory:
1) Han Yu's life
Han Yu, word back, commonly known as Han Changli, was once an official to supervise the suggestion and assistant minister of the official department
② Meng Jiao's life.
Meng Jiao, whose real name is Dongye, is aloof and dissonant. Although he has a strong heart for fame and fortune, he seldom meets each other because he is inflexible. In his later years, he did land and water transportation, engaged in and tried to assist the law.
③ Li He's life
Li He, also known as Chang Ji, is the king of the royal family behind Li Liang. Because "the father's name is Jin Su, the son can't be a scholar", he failed to take the senior high school entrance examination and was later recommended as a small official who gave Lang a gift. Li He is a genius in the poetry circle of the Middle Tang Dynasty. He inherited the strange wind and bitter song tradition of Han and Meng.
Understand:
① The basic tendency of Han Meng School's poetry creation.
Han Meng's poetry school made great contributions to the new changes and prosperity of poetry creation in the middle Tang Dynasty. They are conceited and talented, with different styles, but they are consistent in their basic tendency of strangeness and subjectivity.
② "bitter sound"
Meng Jiao's poems are famous for their bitter songs, paying attention to the creation and refinement of words, and pursuing the strangeness and transcendence of thoughts.
③ "Dragon Auspicious Style"
Li He's poems have beautiful language, like to use new words, and the brushwork is ethereal and mysterious, so it is called "Dragon Auspicious Style".
Application:
① The artistic features of Han Yu's poems.
"Poetry is based on writing" is the main feature of Han Yu's poems, such as Breaking the Rock.
In order to prevent poetry from being slippery because of prose culture, Han Yu deliberately pursues the realm of strictness, strangeness and danger in art, and even goes to the point where ugliness is the beauty, that is, writing ugly things in life into poetry.
② The artistic features of Meng Jiao's poems.
In Meng Jiao's works, there are some poems that pay attention to the society and reflect the life of the lower class, such as Killing without Borders, Feelings, Folk Songs of Cold People, etc. , but the number of poems is more attacking darkness and secularism, strongly expressing self-pity and poor life, which is different from the moans of ordinary scribes. Moreover, Meng Jiao's poems are famous for their bitter songs, paying attention to the creation and refinement of words, and pursuing the strangeness and transcendence of thoughts.
③ The artistic features of Li He's poems.
Li He's poems are novel and original in conception, image, diction and color setting, such as Wild Goose Gate.
The singular features in Li He's poems are mainly due to his imagination and even fantasy, which is always inseparable from exaggeration. Secondly, the images in Li He's poems are unusual, and this strong subjective color is often manifested in the "synaesthesia" of image compound, such as Li Ping's quotations.
Section 3 Liu Yuxi and Liu Zongyuan
Memory:
① Liu Yuxi's life
Liu Yuxi, word dream. In the ninth year of Zhenyuan, he joined the ranks of scholars with Liu Zongyuan and soon moved to prison to remonstrate. During Yongzhenyuan period, Tang Shunzong was demoted as a Sima of Yuanzhou because of the failure of Yongzhen Innovation. Later, the prince was divided into the eastern capital and called Liu Ke.
② Liu Zongyuan's life
Liu Zongyuan, with a thick word, is known as Liu Hedong. Zhenyuan was a scholar in the ninth year. Zhenyuan joined Wang's reform group in 2 1 year, and the reform failed, and he was demoted to Yongzhou Sima. Ten years later, he moved to Liuzhou as a secretariat and died in office.
Application:
① Liu Yuxi's achievements in poetry creation.
As a member of the political reformists in the middle Tang Dynasty and a thinker, Liu Yuxi was clever and stubborn. He was not discouraged by failures and setbacks. After being demoted, his desire to use the world and his persistence in his ideals never disappeared, such as "The First Smell of Autumn Wind".
Poetry about objects accounts for a small proportion in Liu Yuxi's poems, but it is a work with exquisite art and profound thoughts. For example, I miss the old days of Xipaotai Mountain. Poetry is full of practical significance, and the nostalgic scenery is filled with realistic sense of hardship, which can enlighten people when they appreciate works.
② The uniqueness of Liu Zongyuan's poems.
Most of Liu Zongyuan's poems were written in Yongzhou and Liuzhou. The important content of his poems is to express depressed sadness and homesickness. His poems have far-reaching influence and cold style, such as "From Liuzhou Tower to My Four Fellows".
Liu Zongyuan also wrote some pastoral poems and was quite indifferent to Xu Zhifeng. Liu Zongyuan wrote landscapes in the relegation period, which is precisely because he purified his mind and eliminated the depression in reality with a quiet and tranquil natural realm, such as The Fisherman.
Chapter VII Li Shangyin and Poetry in Late Tang Dynasty
Understanding: the Artistic Features of Poetry in Late Tang Dynasty
In the late Tang Dynasty, social chaos and political situation gradually collapsed, which influenced the poetry of the late Tang Dynasty and presented a kind of beauty with strong sentimental feelings.
Section 1 Li Shangyin
Memory: Li Shangyin's Life
Li Shangyin, whose name is Yishan, was born in Yuxi. He worked as a servant all his life, except for a short time as a secretary, a school secretary and a doctor at Imperial College. He wandered around the shogunate until his death.
Understand:
(1) Li Shangyin's Political Poems
Li Shangyin is a poet who cares about reality and the destiny of the country. He has more than 0/00 political poems of all kinds, accounting for one-sixth of his existing 600 poems, which is quite high. The famous "Hundred Rhymes in the Western Suburb" describes the social and historical picture of more than one hundred years. It is Du Fu's long poem that criticizes reality and pays attention to people's livelihood after the Northern Expedition.
② Li Shangyin's untitled poems
Untitled poems are Li Shangyin's most popular works, with profound feelings and profound implications, and have the beauty of obscurity and grace. The best work that can show this style is his Seven-character Tactics, among which untitled works are typical.
Application:
① The main embodiment of the hazy beauty of Li Shangyin's untitled poems
The hazy beauty of Li Shangyin's untitled poems is mainly manifested in two aspects:
One is his emotional sadness. The uncertainty of many factors in the text makes the theme of this untitled poem implicit and hazy, and it also provides many possibilities for interpreting the work.
One is that his expression is in a daze. The images used in his poems are often absent in reality, but there are rational structures and fluent syntax in his poems, and irrational images are organized with rational structures.
② The artistic features of Li Shangyin's poems.
Li Shangyin was the most accomplished poet in the late Tang Dynasty. He raised the artistic expression of poetry to a new height and became a great poet.
Li Shangyin is very talented and sensitive. He devoted himself to experiencing, grasping and reproducing his feelings. The things used to strengthen his emotions are mostly exquisite things, and the feelings revealed in his poems are mostly profound.
In addition to creating the beauty of artistic conception, Li Shangyin also devoted himself to the pursuit of aestheticism by using various artistic expressions. The characteristics of ci in his poems are quite obvious, such as fine theme, profound emotion and hazy beauty of artistic conception, thus building a bridge between poetry and ci.
In the second quarter Du Mu and Xu Hun
Memory:
① Du Mu's life
Du Mu, a native of Mu Zhi, was born in a noble family, and his grandfather Du You was the prime minister of three dynasties. Du Mu's five-character poems and seven-character poems are excellent in ancient and modern times, especially the seven-character poems, which have always been respected. He and Li Shangyin are both poets with the highest achievements in the Four Musts of the Late Tang Dynasty, and are praised as "Little Du Li" by the world.
② "Little Du Li"
Du Mu and Li Shangyin are both poets with the highest achievements in the Four Wonders of the Late Tang Dynasty, and they are called "Little Du Li" by the world.
Understand:
(1) "On the History of Twenty-eight Characters"
Du Mu's poems are numerous, and he has created many excellent works, which has the reputation of "28 th Historical Theory". Such as Leyou Tombs, Tiwujiang Pavilion, Bo Qinhuai and so on.
(2) Xu Hun's "Jinling Nostalgia"
Xu Hun's "Jinling Nostalgia" covers a wide range, which expresses the helplessness that prosperity will eventually disappear.
Application: the characteristics of Du Mu's poems about nostalgia.
Du Mu's poems are numerous, and he has created many excellent works, which has the reputation of "28 th Historical Theory". Such as Leyou Tombs, Tiwujiang Pavilion, Bo Qinhuai and so on.
It is the characteristic of Du Mu's epic to express his political feelings and knowledge, to have lofty ideals and not to deviate from the traditional saying. For example, "The East Wind Don't Go with Zhou Lang, The Bronze Birds Lock Er Qiao in Spring" ("Red Cliff") and "The Hall of Four Noble People at Shangshan") are opposite, and the style is similar to this one.
Many of Du Mu's works are not nostalgic as a whole, but they also inject deep historical feelings into lyrical improvisation. The feelings in his poems often have an irresistible philosophical meaning of ups and downs, such as "climbing in nine days".
Section 3 Jia Dao and Yao He
Memories: Jia Dao and Yao He were famous poets in the late Tang Dynasty.
Jia Dao and Yao He were famous poets in the late Tang Dynasty.
Understanding: "Kung Fu Style"
Yao He's poems are called "Martial Arts Style", and his masterpiece is Thirty Poems of Wugong County, which describes the desolation of Shanjun County, the oppression of official position and the embarrassment of personal life, and reflects the real fate and specific mentality of ordinary scholars in the late Tang Dynasty.
Application:
① The emotional connotation and artistic features of Jia Dao's poems.
Jia Dao's poems are narrow in content and rarely reflect social problems. Jia Dao wrote that there were frustrations and resentments in scientific research, lamentations about poor and embarrassed life, feelings about tranquility and Buddhism, and contacts with monks and hermits, mostly out of personal life.
Jia Dao's five laws are very profound, and he can see the spirit in small places and create a strange and secluded realm. Jia Dao really wrote many excellent poems because of his bitter songs. But a sentence without chapters has also become a shortcoming of Jia Dao's poetry. The lack of content and his bitter chanting inevitably reduced the aesthetic feeling of poetry.
② The emotional connotation and artistic features of Yao He's poems.
The theme of Yao He's poems is close to that of Jia Dao, but he writes more trivial daily life scenes. In style, Yao He's poems are more sedate and leisurely than Jia Dao's.
Yao He's poems are called "Martial Arts Style", and his masterpiece is Thirty Poems of Wugong County, which describes the desolation of Shanjun County, the oppression of official position and the embarrassment of personal life, and reflects the real fate and specific mentality of ordinary scholars in the late Tang Dynasty.
The fourth quarter Pi Rixiu, Lu Guimeng, Si Kongtu, etc.
Understand:
① General situation of Pi Rixiu's poetry creation.
1) Ten poems by Zheng Yuefu: In view of reality, there are beauty and thorns.
2) The Oak Sigh: It is about the old woman's harvest being exploited by corrupt officials.
3) Two Poems of Nostalgia on the Bianhe River: an epic with novel ideas and incisive arguments, which criticized the atrocities of Emperor Yang Di more deeply.
4) Awakening in the Spring Festival Evening: A work with flowery words and flying emotions reflects another style.
(2) Other realistic poets in the late Tang Dynasty, such as Nie, Du Xunhe, Luo Yin and their representative works.
Nie Zhongyi: Nagata
Du Xunhe: A widow in the mountains, and then passing through Gucheng County.
Luo yin: bees
③ The general situation of Lu Guimeng and Si Kongtu's poetry creation.
Lu Guimeng was frustrated in his seclusion and wrote many cynical works: reading "Seeing the Deer Gate in the Yin House Sutra", "Parting" and "Bai Lianhua"; Lu Guimeng's more successful works in art include the quatrains "Crossing Late" and "Searching Taihu Lake".
Si Kongtu's recluse thought is serious, and his works reflect his recluse mentality and feelings: Ding's Youth Returning to the Valley of Wangguan, wucun Looking at the Apricot Flowers under the Mountain and Two Poems of Wangguan.