France.
Moliere
Chinese name: Jean-Baptiste Poquelin
Foreign name: Jean Baptiste Poquelin (Moliere)
Alias: Molière
Nationality: French
Birthplace: Paris
Date of birth: January 15, 1622
< p>Date of death: February 17, 1673Occupation: Comedy writer, actor, theater activist
Faith: Catholic
Main achievements: Founding of ballet Comedy
Representative works: "Moaning", "The Hypocrite", "The Stingy Man", "Don Juan"
Molière (1622～1673) French comedy writer, actor, drama activist. Born in Paris into a family of palace interior furnishers with the status of "royal attendant". Good education in secondary school. In 1643, he renounced his hereditary rights to his father, and formed a "famous troupe" with friends such as the Bayard brothers and sisters to perform in Paris. In 1644, he took the stage name Molière. The life of a wandering entertainer for the next 13 years went through ups and downs, but it deepened his observation and understanding of French society and honed his talent for dramatic art. In 1658, he returned to Paris and performed the one-act comedy "The Sentimental Doctor" (lost), and regained the title of "Royal Attendant" in order to obtain protection. Even so, in a highly hierarchical feudal country, his creative path was still extremely bumpy. In order to win the performance of the play, a long and hard struggle had to be carried out. He was an outstanding comic poet, drama theorist, and an excellent actor. He played many important roles. His acting skills and noise were praised by people at the time. He cultivated a number of talented young actors for France. His troupe became what is today the Comédie Fran?aise. His long-term intense work made him sick from overwork and contracted tuberculosis. He died in Paris after participating in the performance of "No Disease Looking for Disease".
Mo’s mother-in-law left behind 33 plays and 8 poems. The first important realist comedy was "The Ridiculous Talent" (1659), followed by the social issue comedies "Husband School" and "Wife School" that opposed feudal patriarchal ideas and praised freedom of love. "Dardouve" premiered at a grand gala at the Palace of Versailles in 1664. This play is a "political comedy" with profound thoughts and mature art. It creates a typical image of liar Dardufo with outstanding personality and great general significance, which later became synonymous with "hypocrite". This was followed by "Don Juan" (1665) and "The Cynic" (1666). After 1666, Mo made various explorations into comedy forms. There are "The Beaten to a Physician", "Eternal Life" and "George Dantin", among which "The Scrooge" (1668) is one of the most profound "character comedies". He also wrote several ballet comedies, including "Monsieur Pursoujac" (1669) and "The Enchantress" (1670). The final masterpiece is "Looking for Disease when Not Sick" (1673), which condemns the selfish bourgeoisie for sacrificing his daughter's happy love for his own health.
The types and styles of Moh's comedies are diverse and have transcended the scope of classicism. He is also the founder of French ballet comedy. His comedies all have farce elements and stick to civilian tastes. But it revolutionized folk farce, showing a serious attitude while being funny and rough. His comedies were written directly for the stage. He refined the expressions of daily life and put them on the stage, making them appear natural and vivid. His democratic spirit of consciously standing on the side of the people reflected his anti-feudal tendency of the third estate in French society.
Mo has a set of original realistic comedy theories and experience in directing. He advocates that novels, poems and literary works should be natural and reasonable, and emphasizes evaluation based on social effects. His comedies have become exemplary novels, poems and literary works, influencing the development of comedy in many countries. In France, he represents the "French spirit". His plays have been translated into almost all important languages ??and are frequently performed on stages around the world. The Chinese stage is no exception. Therefore, Mo's comedy is a precious heritage in world literature.
"The Ridiculous Talent", "The School for Husbands", "The School for Wives", "Dardover", "Become a Doctor", "Eternal Life", "George Dantin" , "The Scrooge", "Mr. Pursoujak", "The Noble Man"