Rich diversity characteristics
Xinhua folk songs can be roughly divided into the following six categories: (1) Labor songs. Including Tian Ge, hunting songs, logging songs, fishing songs, tea picking songs, logging songs, beach songs, tamping songs, hymns and so on. Tian Ge has the largest population, and there are folk songs in a series of labor processes. (2) Life songs. (3) Ritual songs. (4) current political songs. (5) Love songs. (6) Historical legendary songs. Judging from the expression form and the characteristics of linear cavity, there are many singing styles and forms besides flat cavity (including high cavity), such as coloratura, elastic cavity, polo cavity, rolling cavity and gongs and drums folk songs. No matter what kind of folk songs, their voices are higher than those of Hakka folk songs in southern Hunan, Pan songs in western Hunan and Jingchu folk songs in Dongting Lake area. It is often a person who starts from the harmony of all people, and the song moves mountains. In the sentence structure, there are four sentences, six sentences, eight sentences, large paragraphs, and seven words, five words and long and short alternating patterns, which are more interesting to sing.
Artistic characteristics of literature
Xinhua folk songs are oral creations of Han folk singers, but they are not processed and carved too much. The author skillfully uses artistic expressions such as Fu, Bi, Xing and exaggeration in his poems. For example, "a small vegetable garden is separated by a wall, with loofah and bitter gourd planted on both sides." Lang planted bitter gourd and missed her sister, and her sister planted loofah and thought Lang "(comparing things with others); Another example is: "chestnuts blossom a thread. Last year, I missed you until this year. Last year, I missed you very much. I missed you this year, forgot to transplant rice seedlings, and delayed the spring for half a year "(from things); Another example is: "I had tea with my brother last year and it has been fragrant until August 8 this year. If you don't believe me, please come to the room and see a jasmine flower by the bed. I sent Lang to Shishanwo, holding water for Lang to drink, and my Lang drank water in his hand, and he was not thirsty after three years of work "(exaggeration). The application of these techniques has made Xinhua folk songs reach a high level of literature and art.
Historical origin
According to experts' research, Xinhua folk songs originated in the pre-Qin period before the 3rd century BC, and were popular in Shengxing in the 7th-13rd century (Tang and Song Dynasties) and14th-19th century (Ming and Qing Dynasties). Xinhua is the center of Gumei Mountain Range, where Miao and Yao lived before 10 century (before Song Dynasty). By the10-13rd century, Meishan was developed in the Northern Song Dynasty, the Han people moved in continuously, and the Miao, Yao and Han cultures gradually merged. Besides hard work, festive festivals, weddings and funerals, Meishan ancestors often used folk songs to express their feelings, and gradually formed a unique representative of Meishan culture-Xinhua folk songs.
Performance content
Xinhua folk songs have a wide range of contents. There are labor songs, current political songs, ritual songs, custom songs, Tao love songs, children's songs and so on. Labor songs include hunting songs, logging songs, fishing songs, Tian Ge, tea picking songs and various labor songs.
There are more than 600 lines of folk songs such as Zishuitan Song, which vividly describe many dangers of Zishuitan, coastal mountains and rivers geography, native mountain products, local customs, boatmen's life and so on. Folk songs such as "Making a scene in the bridal chamber", "Playing four doors" and "Gambling songs" are lively and humorous. Some folk songs also reflect the sufferings of the working people, such as "foster daughter can't go to tin mine" and "Eighteen beaches in Zijiang". Political songs include "cursing songs" and "ode".
The largest number and most widespread folk songs are love songs, called "Tao Love Songs". This kind of songs, from acquaintance between men and women, first love, lovesickness, engagement to marriage and extramarital affairs, have rich and colorful performances, reflecting young men and women's cursed resistance to feudal ethics and their yearning and pursuit of free love. In addition, there are songs of death, songs of masters and lively children's songs, which show the history and nation.
technique of expression
The artistic expression of Xinhua folk songs is extremely rich. Like The Book of Songs, almost every technique is a comprehensive application of Fu, Bi and Xing. Compared with The Book of Songs, Xinhua folk songs are more regional, folk and local. Secular metaphors and images are vivid and easy to sing and inherit.
Xinhua folk song is a wonderful flower in folk literature, and its lyrics pay attention to traditional poetry techniques such as rhythm and contrast, which has high research value. In sentence structure, it consists of an upper sentence and a lower sentence. It skillfully ends in the second sentence (the next sentence), even the third and fourth sentences, but it either compresses the rhythm or does not end on the stable tonic, so that its paragraph structure can be composed of any number of sentences. There are four sentences, six sentences, eight sentences and large paragraphs, and there are also seven words, five words and alternate forms. In the rhyme of the lyrics, it is also slightly different from ancient poetry, and it does not pay attention to leveling. It not only rhymes at the beginning and end of a sentence. The middle word also has rhyme. It is both neat and unrestrained, and it also adds a vulgar tone.
In the story expression of lyrics, humor is straightforward and description is delicate. Every Xinhua folk song describes a well-known story, full of twists and turns, euphemistically moving. Written language is catchy and easy to understand. Metaphor, parallelism and exaggeration are often used in language rhetoric. In addition, there are many mood modifiers, such as ho ho, ho ho, ho ho, hi ho, ha ha, ha ha and so on. Sometimes modifiers imitate the sounds of animals. There are also some folk songs that draw lessons from historical stories, drama stories, fairy tales, myths and historical figures, such as Pangu Tiankai, Nanhai Guanyin, Meng Jiangnv, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai.