The types of couplets can be divided into Spring Festival couplets, wedding couplets, birthday couplets, elegiac couplets, decorative couplets, industry couplets, communication couplets and miscellaneous couplets (including humorous couplets ...). The length of couplets varies, only one or two words are short; It can be hundreds of words long. There are various forms of couplets, such as pairs, pairs, flowing pairs, couplets, set sentence pairs and so on.
However, no matter what kind of couplets and forms are used, they must have the following characteristics:
First, the number of words is equal and the sentences are consistent. For example, the sentence in Guangdong Roll is "Litchi, Longan and Papaya are all beautiful fruits in Lingnan", and the opposite sentence can be "Rose Peony and Jingui are exotic flowers in the sea" or "Ginseng, mink and velvet antler are treasures in Northeast China". However, it is somewhat awkward and blunt to say that "Yuan Qu of Tang Poetry and Song Poetry is not the culture of the motherland". The contents of the couplets we have learned are closely related, such as "the stars fall from the clearing, and the moon rushes to the river", "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen", "Stark sings the bugle call at five o'clock, and the Milky Way is over three mountains" and "All rivers are full of tolerance; The wall stands a thousand miles, and the desire is just "and so on.
Second, the balance is consistent and the tone is harmonious. The traditional habit is to "pucker up and fall flat", that is, the last word of the first couplet must be puckered up (three or four tones), and the last word of the second couplet is flat (one or two tones).
For example, "there is a road in Shushan, diligence is the way, and learning the sea is endless."
"diameter" pronunciation, "boat" pronunciation flat; "The bright moon shines on the pine room, and the clear spring flows on the stone", "phase" reads a light sound, and "flow" reads a flat sound. The couplets are rhythmic, flat and harmonious, catchy to read and full of phonological beauty.
Third, the part of speech is relative and the position is the same. It is generally called "virtual to virtual, real to real", which means that nouns to nouns, verbs to verbs, adjectives to adjectives, quantifiers to quantifiers, adverbs to adverbs and related words must be in the same position. For example, "the blade comes from sharpening, and the plum blossom fragrance comes from bitter cold." Sword and plum blossom are nouns, phoenix and fragrance are adjectives, zi and cong are prepositions, tempering and bitter cold are nouns, and Chu and Lai are verbs.
Fourth, the content is related, from top to bottom. The meaning of up and down links must be interrelated, but they cannot be repeated. The horizontal criticism closely related to couplets can be said to be the title and center of couplets. Good reviews can make the finishing point and complement each other in couplets.
Guide to solving problems
1, the contents of couplets are all related. In the interpretation of couplets, we can use association, using related, similar and opposite associations. First, a sentence is divided into several phrases, each word is opposed by association, and then these paired words are connected into a sentence. For example, in 2004, the national college entrance examination question "Sweeping the Millennium Old Habits" can be divided into "Sweeping the Millennium Old Habits". The words related to "Sweeping" include "Divide, innovate, change, break, establish, multiply and develop", and the words related to "Millennium" include "Wan Chai". This disassembly method is more practical for beginners to practice writing couplets.
2. Couplets are like a condensed poem, but also pay attention to conception. Or write a scene, or express meaning or lyric, or ponder over history, or analyze reality, what to praise and criticize, with clear feelings and positive ideological content. To do this, we should pay attention to the choice of images that meet the requirements of this conception.
3. Students should accumulate more at ordinary times. Many famous aphorisms and aphorisms are neat antitheses, such as "The thread in a loving mother's hand makes clothes for her wayward teenager's body", "The sunrise makes the river glow better than the fire, and the spring makes the river green as blue", "The sunset is lonely in Qi Fei, and the autumn water is * * * the sky is one color", "Two orioles sing green willows, and a row of egrets go up to the sky" and "The shadows are horizontal and shallow.
4. Be good at using it. The so-called adaptation refers to the flexible use of astronomy, geography, seasons and other knowledge, as well as idioms, famous poems, idioms and allusions to prepare couplets. For example, Pu Songling wrote, "Where there is a will, there is a way. Burn your bridges, 102 Qin Guan will eventually be Chu; Hard work pays off, and more than 3,000 armor can swallow Wu, so they skillfully combine idioms and allusions such as "where there is a will, there is a way", "cross the rubicon", "Heaven rewards diligence" and "Heaven rewards diligence". Another example is "Xunzi's advice to learn, and erudition leads to imitating you", which can be explained by "being good at understanding cows, and getting better skills after long practice", and it is integrated with the idiom allusions of "imitating you" and "being good at understanding cows"
Understanding the propositional form of couplets
A. Write a complete couplet according to the provided context.
B, according to the given uplink to downlink. This kind of question type is the most common, and the couplet questions in the 2004 college entrance examination are all of this kind. Specifically, there are the following points:
1, fill in the blanks. This form can combine couplets with teaching materials and literary knowledge. For example: (1) Before the translation was finished, I was shocked to hear that the star died. Who took the lead in shouting China? Mr. Wang has passed away, recalling the past rain, and the literary world has been at a loss since then. (2) Fan Zhongyan writes on Yueyang Tower, while Ouyang Xiu enjoys himself with others in Zuiweng Pavilion.
2. Supplement the formula. There are two situations in this form. One kind refers to a couplet, which complements a couplet. This is the propositional form used in the college entrance examination paper in 2004. The second is to write couplets according to the words provided by the title. For example, please draw up a couplet, with "majesty" and "arrogance" as the beginning of the first couplet and the second couplet, with no more than 30 words. (Couplet: Dignity molds personality, ennobles life, arrogance corrupts morality and belittles the soul)
3. Adjust the type. This type of question can combine the relevant knowledge of couplets with coherent language expression and the correct use of rhetorical methods. For example, there is a couplet in Tengwangge, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, and the sentence order and structure of its bottom couplet have been disrupted. Please make appropriate adjustments according to the uplink given. The first part: it is always a matter of prosperity and abolition, watching the sunset alone, and the autumn water is long. Fortunately, the lakes and mountains are safe here; The second content (has been disrupted): The emperor in the pavilion asked the talented people on the river, but it was only a moment since ancient times, and how the scenery was compared. The bottom line is adjusted to: it's only a moment since ancient times. Ask the talented people on the river and the emperor in the pavilion how the scenery compares with that of that year.
4. Situation. This question type provides a specific situation for candidates to write couplets in combination with the requirements of "appropriateness". The couplets to be written by candidates should not only meet the writing requirements of couplets, but also meet the specific conditions provided by the proposer. For example, Teacher's Day is coming, you must have a lot to say to the teacher, bathed in deep teacher's kindness. Please draw up a couplet and sing the most beautiful hymn to your teacher. (Reference answer: the pulse is as deep as spring, and the heart is as bright as spring candle)
5. Topic style. This type of question only provides candidates with one topic, and there are no restrictions in other aspects. It provides candidates with a free and broad stage to show their talents, and everyone can show their personality, talents and gas field. For example, please choose one of the three words "dedication", "determination" and "perseverance" as a topic and write a self-encouraging couplet. (Reference answer: Dedication-Candles drop tears and smiles, and chalk spreads the fragrance of Melissa Zhou. Ambition-learning from the sea has ambition and spans thousands of miles; Learn mountains with ambition and climb Wan Ren. Perseverance-a rope saw will not stop wood from breaking, and water droplets will not stop stones from penetrating. )
6. rewrite. This kind of question type usually draws two sentences with opposite meanings in a paragraph, which needs to be rewritten according to the knowledge of couplets, the simplicity and coherence of language, the choice, imitation and transformation of sentence patterns. For example, rewrite the underlined part of the following sentence as a couplet as a modifier of the "picture scroll": After hundreds of days and nights of fighting, the Yangtze River interception project was finally successfully completed, and the people of China opened a magical picture scroll that cut off the 5,000-mile Yangtze River and locked countless peaks in the Three Gorges. (The underlined part can be changed to: The Yangtze River is cut off for thousands of miles, and the Three Gorges locks countless peaks. )
7. summary. This form is a combination of writing couplets and compressing paragraphs. To make this kind of couplets, we first need to screen out and summarize the main information in the paragraphs, and then organize them in the form of couplets. For example.
The answers to couplets are very open and autonomous, but apart from neat antithesis, there are two points to pay attention to: First, we should consider the relevance of couplets; Second, the content to be offline should have a certain style.
practise
1. Please fill in the next couplet of the library. (Zhejiang Volume)
The first part: learning is hidden in the present and the second part is hidden in the past;
2. The following are the top couplets of Spring Festival couplets. Please choose one of them as the bottom couplet. (National Volume, Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Anhui and other regions)
The first problem is to sweep away the old habits of the Millennium. The motherland is good.
The second question is, when winter goes and spring comes, thousands of Liu Suifeng are green.
The following are the top couplets of Spring Festival couplets. Please choose one of them as the bottom couplets. (National Volume, Jilin, Sichuan, Heilongjiang, Shanghai and other regions)
The first question, spring is everywhere. Science can make you rich.
The second question is that the country is prosperous and the country is prosperous.
Please fill in a sentence with the same number of words and similar structure. (No matter what level) (Fujian Volume)
The first part: patriotism and honesty are the foundation of being a man;
The following is the first couplet of a couplet, please make the second couplet. (Guangdong Volume)
Litchi, longan and papaya are all good fruits in Lingnan.
6. The following two questions are the first couplets of Spring Festival couplets. Please choose one of them as the second link. (National Volume, Guangxi, Hainan, Tibet, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia and other regions)
The first question ① firecrackers are ringing ② All love is good.
the second question
Firecrackers, old customs and habits leave with the old year.
7. The following two questions are the first couplets of Spring Festival couplets. Please choose one of them as the second link. (National Volume, Gansu, Qinghai and other regions)
The first question is: 1. Spring scenery is everywhere; 2. The music of the first generation of gardeners.
The second question is that the east wind sends warmth, and the spring scenery is good in the north and south of the Yangtze River.
8. In 2005, Fujian drew up the appropriate horizontal batch according to the upper part, the lower part and the well joint. (4 points)
The first part: Chinese sons and daughters have made great achievements in both military and civilian fields.
According to media reports, at 9: 00 18 on May 8, 2008, the Olympic Xiangyun torch successfully reached the top of Mount Everest. In the process of rushing to the top, a white cloud always stays on Mount Everest. Shortly after the torch was lit, a rainbow appeared over Mount Everest. Please take this as the content, expand your imagination and make a couplet with personification rhetoric. (4 points)
Anhui Volume 10.09 Form two pairs of seven-character couplets with the following phrases and fill them in the corresponding horizontal lines. (4 points)
In the farmland of Lan Zhi cattle, there are green willows, spring flowers and peaches and plums everywhere.
Thousands of miles of green spring embroidery brocade mat incense Wanshan gold.
Spring Festival couplets:
Teachers' office couplets:
answer
1. The test paper did not provide a reference answer. The author tries to draw up a plan: only know Chinese and western thoughts and integrate Chinese and western wisdom.
2. The first example: ① A new generation of trees, a new atmosphere; ② New land climate. The second example: The Wan Li River and Mountain reflect the sun. The author also draws up: the first question: 1. Build a new century wind; 2. The new people in China are well fed and clothed. The second problem is: the snow and ice melt the plum blossom for thousands of years, the grass grows, and the long warbler flies an apricot blossom with rain red.
3. The first example: ① Being honest and doing well; ② Industrious and prosperous. The second example: old peace, little peace and eternal peace. The author also draws up: the first question: 1 Summer is in the sky, full of enthusiasm, full of happiness, and honesty can make money. The second question is "Peace in and out of peace". Blessed are the people, blessed are the people.
4. Example: Seeking truth from facts, modesty is the premise of learning.
For example, the rose, the peony and the golden laurel are a wonderful flower in the ocean. The author also draws the conclusion that velvet antler and mink ginseng in the northeast are very famous, and the Yanshan Changbai Kunlun in the north of Saibei is very famous.
6. The first example: ① The motherland is getting better and better every day; (2) China has a new look. The second example: with the arrival of the new year, the spring breeze brings new ideas and new atmosphere. The author also draws up: the first problem is that spring is new everywhere, and the weather in Kyushu is also new. The second question is, with the arrival of the New Year, spring thunder is rolling in with new weather and new fashion.
7. The first example: ① Every family is new; ② Kyushu Taoli Rong. The second example: rain and dew moisten the weather inside and outside the Great Wall. The author also drew up the following questions: The first question is: 1. The scenery is new at the end of the year; There are peaches and plums everywhere. Second, the spring rain moistened the flowers inside and outside the Great Wall.
8. A: Chinese people have both ability and political integrity. Cross-disciplinary: Revitalizing China
9. Answer: The white clouds on Mount Everest greet the flame with deep affection and good luck; Blue sky and rainbow wish the Olympic Games a success.
Analyze and investigate the uniqueness, vividness and rhetoric of compressed paragraphs and languages. Among them, the "accuracy, vividness and image" of the language is a new test center that is connected with the new curriculum standard this year. Couplets are the essence of China traditional culture, and middle school students only need to meet the first two requirements of couplets: equal words, relevant meanings and harmony. The material is the Beijing Olympic Games, which is intended to guide students to care about life.
10.
Spring Festival couplets:
Part I: Liu Cui Yingchun Qianli Green Part II: Yellow Cattle Cultivated Land Wanshan Gold
Teachers' office couplets:
The first part: Spring Embroidered Brocade of Peach and Plum Garden; the second part: Lan Zhi incense around the steps.