What is Paula's aesthetic view?

Plato took "three kinds of beds" as an example to show that poetry and other arts only imitated the image of real things, and the concept of "bed" was real. The carpenter's physical bed imitates the concept of bed, which is its dim shadow, while the art bed is not the image of the concept image. It has the lowest degree of truth and belongs to the lowest part of the world and cognitive structure sequence, because "it only touches or grasps a small part of the object, and it is still.

2. Art and soul

Plato believed that art only imitated feelings and passions.

When Plato discusses the relationship between art and soul ability, he thinks that artists only imitate the feelings and desires in the soul in their creation. "He was stimulated and strengthened this low component in the soul. By strengthening this low component, it will tend to destroy the rational part of the soul. "

He also believes that the artistic effect of Greek tragedy at that time only catered to and satisfied the part of people's inner desire to vent their emotions. Over time, this persistent pity will make it difficult for them to be bound by reason when they are in pain.

3. Plato believes that the function of literature and art lies in purifying the polis.

Plato emphasized that literature education is very important, because bad art will pollute the mental state of the city-state, while good art can purify the social atmosphere and personal mind of the city-state. Therefore, he personally advocates that the utopia should strictly supervise art, prevent artists from "depicting evil, debauchery, meanness and filth in paintings or sculptures", cultivate and carry forward works of art that can be purified, and make art contribute to the long-term stability of the utopia.

4 Cave metaphor:

The world is divided into two parts.

One is the world inside the cave, and the other is the world outside the cave.

Suppose there are several prisoners who have been tied up since childhood and can't turn around, sitting in a hole facing the cave wall. There is a fire at the mouth of the cave, and some puppets come and go. These prisoners always thought that shadows were real things, until a prisoner freed himself and turned to see the puppet under the fire, only to know that what he had seen before was only shadows. When he walked out of the cave and saw everything in the sun, he realized that the puppet itself was not a real thing, but a copy. Finally, he saw the sun and understood that everything could be seen through the light of the sun. The sun is a real thing.

What is the world like in the cave? The world supported by torches and images, the world bound and enslaved, is illusory and imperfect.

The world outside the cave doesn't depend on anything. There is a real sun here. It is rational, abstract, invisible and intangible to the naked eye, and must be grasped through thinking.