Du Fu did write many poems about horses or horses in his life. Among Du Fu's existing poems, there are more than twenty poems about horses, such as Fang Bing Caohu Horse and Painting Eagle. As for the sentences in other poems, there are more horses. Why is Du Fu so interested in horses? Why do you write about horses so many times in your own poems? This is really an interesting question.
Horse has always been valued by people, because it is not only used in agricultural production, but also an important tool for fighting and transporting the enemy. In some ancient books, it is also common for emperors to own and love famous horses. For example, Zhou Muwang has Eight Dragons (beginner quoted from the year of Prince Edward), Qin Shihuang has Seven Horses (Cui Bao notes ancient and modern times), and Han Wendi has Nine Music (Xijing Miscellanies). Having a large number of BMW horses almost became a symbol of the emperor's dignity and authority. People often praise Bole, who knows horses, and Wang Liang, who is good at riding horses, which shows that horses were closely related to people's lives in ancient times.
In literary creation, poets began to describe and praise horses as early as in the Book of Songs, such as truffles. ? "It's all about horses. According to Records of Historical Records of Le Shu, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty wrote Song of Taiyi and Song of Pushao to praise his heavenly horse. Later, more and more horses were introduced into literary works. Cao Cao expressed his ambition in his later years with "old horse", which is the most familiar. As for Yan Yanzhi's "White Horse Fu" and Xie Zhuang's "Dancing Horse Fu", they are also poems about horses.
According to the above situation, we can say that Du Fu loves horses, and his poems have written a lot about horses, which is the result of the influence of literature and art in ancient history. Du Fu always depicts the unique, brave and vigorous image of horses with his heart in his poems about horses. The horses in his works are not dancing horses with embroidered clothes, wrapped in gold and silver, and their manes are made of pearls and emeralds, nor are they standing horses quietly arranged outside the palace gate, but BMW dragons who are good at Wan Li Mercedes-Benz and take the lead. For example, Fang Bing Cao Huma: Huma is famous and has a thin front. Its ears are as sharp as a piece of bamboo, and it runs like four winds, as if its hoof had not been trampled. The horse galloped, never in an open way, riding it all very comfortable, dare to roam the battlefield, and even share life and death. So fast, so fast, it is a good horse that can live up to life. It can commit crimes for the country. The shape of the Dawan horse he wrote was skinny and pointed ears. Its hooves gallop, giving birth to the wind. It is extremely brave and agile. Writing Li Wenren's "Hu Zhui Ma" is: "The head is sharp and the ears are sharp, and the feet are not high enough to cut cold jade." I just know that dragons are different. They are not fleshy than common horses. "("Zhang Hu Malaysia Airlines in Liwei County ")
Du Fu appreciates famous horses. Like bamboo, they have purple eyes, high wrists and high hooves. They have a heroic posture, a clear appearance and high spirit. They are horses with many armies. They can share life and death with their masters and help them make contributions in Wan Li. Du Fu's description of horses is not only formal, but also spiritual. He pays attention to appearance and talent, and often borrows things to express his feelings. Most of them reflect the poet's ambition of being unwilling to go to heaven and driving away evil spirits.
Some of Du Fu's poems about horses are clearly describing his rough experiences and expressing his inner anguish. The most prominent example is the thin horse trip: "The thin horse in the eastern suburbs hurts me, and the bone is like a wall." If you stumble to the other side of the song, you will still feel embarrassed. Looking closely at the six official characters, the three armies left the roadside. Dry and muddy skin, dark and gloomy hair with snow cream. Last year, I rushed to catch up with Yukou, but I'm not used to it. The foot soldiers often ride horses in the stables. They are worried that they will get sick and turn yellow. At that time, there was something wrong with the calendar block. Can you take precautions if you abandon it? If you complain when you see someone bleak, then the host is wrong. Wild geese are far away in cold weather, and birds peck sores at dusk. Jia Wei also put forward his wishes and ultimate interests, and even tried to blow spring grass. "
This poem was written in the first year of Gan Yuan (AD 758), and he was demoted to Huazhou. Du Fu went to Fengxiang in the spring of the second year of Zhide (AD 757) and was picked up by Zuo. Originally, I wanted to say it and warn you, but soon I met a furniture strike. He angered Su Zong by saving house furniture and was sent to the third division for interrogation. After being rescued, he was exempted from punishment, but Su Zong refused to hire him again, and in the first year, he was demoted to join the army. "Skinny horse travel" is just a metaphor of borrowing horses, and past lives, who is a horse, abandons the ups and downs of his career; Write your own sadness and pain with the haggard description of the horse. "At that time, the calendar was wrong, and it was impossible for you to defend yourself." It is precisely the original intention of saving the house that is to help the king. Unexpectedly, he angered General Su and was alienated and abandoned, just like the thin horse that stayed in the suburbs. Strive to grow spring grass next year expresses the author's idea that he still wants to help the world.
Until his later years, Du Fu often used the old Malay as a metaphor for his miserable situation.
Traditionally, horses are gods, which can drive loads and help others achieve great success. Some of Du Fu's poems about horses also reflect his love for things and his concern and sympathy for people's fate, such as "Sick Horse": "Riding for a long time is cold and deep. When the dust is exhausted, the disease is sad at the end of the year. Hair and bones are extraordinary and gentle. Things are not shallow, and I am deeply moved. " Du Fu felt that this horse was very docile, and he had had his own troubles and deeply loved the Lord, so he had infinite love and pity for this sick horse. Another example is the poem "White Horse" he wrote in Hengzhou: "The white horse came from the northeast, and the empty saddle was pierced by two arrows. Poor Mamalang, I don't know who I am today. In the near future, the Lord will kill people and get injured in the war in the middle of the night. There are many deaths in the chaos, and tears are like a spring. "
According to Old Tang Book, in April this year, Hunan army made an insurrection against Tanzhou. After Du Fu left Shu, he wandered around, suffering from poverty and illness, and had nowhere to live. We have also seen that the country is constantly in war, the society is depressed and people's livelihood is difficult. My heart hurts. So, when he saw the white horse with an empty saddle and two arrows, he shed tears! It is through the unfortunate experience of these two ordinary horses that the tragic situation of "the traffic jam is deep in cold weather" and the unfortunate fate of "many deaths in chaos" of the people are summed up, thus truly reflecting his tragic times.
In his poems about horses, Du Fu often used the topic to discuss current affairs deeply and implicitly, exposing and criticizing the political darkness in the Tang Dynasty. For example, in "Painting Horse Songs" written by General Cao in the minister's house, the author wrote: "I remember when the first emperor came to the Summer Palace? Cui Hua refers to the sky from the east. 30,000 horses, prancing horse, Mercedes-Benz, fashionable, each like the horse in this painting. But now the ghost of the emperor got the secret jade from the river god, because the emperor no longer hunted crocodiles by the river. Don't you see the pines and cypresses in front of the golden millet pile, and the dragon medium goes to the bird to call the phoenix. "This is in" Recalling the heyday of the new century ". When Xuanzong went to the western seas, there were 30 thousand such excellent horses with him. Now Xuanzong is buried in Jinsu Mountain. At that time, the grand occasion of the tour and the grand occasion of the flying horse will never be seen again! This is what Wang Siyuan said: "The rise and fall of a horse and the rise and fall of a country are too painful to think about" ("Social Hypothesis"). After the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty, there were wars everywhere, and the economy was in trouble. There was no such grand gathering as Mount Li to avoid the cold and hunt in peacetime.
Out of concern for the fate of the country, Du Fu has been eager for many talents to contribute to the prosperity of the dynasty. What's the truth? Li's "conspiracy" lasted for 19 years, and talents were excluded, relegated and killed. At that time, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty only cared about luxury and enjoyment, and did not love talents. As a result, in the last years of Tianbao, although "scholars were in the imperial court" and "princes rolled in the provincial Taiwan", the talents who really helped the world were really poor! Du Fu felt this and expressed his feelings with horses in Wei Yan's Painting Songs on the Horse Wall, saying, "The times are critical. Is this really the case?" Live and die with others. " "Autumn Harvest Odes to Hundred Rhymes" says: "Horses are all sweaty, and cranes will be green." This just reflects Du Fu's view that he attaches great importance to talents and yearns for talents in times of chaos and crisis. The poet was extremely dissatisfied with the cronyism of the ruling group at that time, and often used horses as metaphors in his poems to vent his indignation. For example, in Jin Shuxing, he said: "The grass lives and dies, the Tianma is lame and the yak. Since ancient times, the holy face has been unlucky, and traitors and villains have been sealed. " He pointedly pointed out those villains who had no talent but had to be sealed, and criticized the incompetence of the officials in charge of selecting candidates, resulting in countless good horses dying of old age in the stables. On the one hand, Du Fu hopes that the next generation of talents will come forth in large numbers. On the one hand, I hope that the top management will know people and be good at their duties. Wang Liang Boleduo. Du Fu's call for talents from the standpoint of caring about the fate of the country is really profound! It will still give us great enlightenment today.