The problem of afforestation bothers me. Because I found this is a fairy tale.
Established in 1979? Arbor Day? It has been more than 30 years now. What's the effect? According to official data, in 2007, 500 million people planted trees voluntarily and 2.27 billion trees were planted. On this basis, it is estimated that 65.83 billion trees will be planted in 30 years. If each tree covers an area of 5 square meters, these trees will cover 330,000 square kilometers of land. The total amount of trees planted in the forestry system should be more than this. But this is not the case. Obviously, most trees didn't survive.
There is a joke: Arbor Day is coming, and the lower level asks the leader: Where to plant trees this year? The leader smiled mysteriously: it's still the same place.
Plant trees every year? Count? Afforestation or something? Zero? . It wasn't like this in ancient times.
Most of the ancients planted trees in front of and behind the house and behind the embankment on the roadside, which was a bit like gardening. Today's afforestation is to go to the wild for afforestation, with the goal of greening the motherland and improving the ecological environment.
The ancients planted trees mostly in humid areas, not in arid and semi-arid areas. The main goal of afforestation today is in arid areas, in order to make trees grow in those places where there are no trees.
The problem with planting trees today lies in these differences between us and the ancients.
Northwest arid areas, accounting for about one-third of the country. There are basically no trees here except for mountains and rivers, grasslands and bushes, and the larger area is desert, Gobi or bare land. Planting trees in the northwest is to green the barren hills here into forest land. This purpose itself is problematic.
In nature, no matter desert, barren hill, grassland and shrub, they are all part of natural ecosystem and have their own significance and value.
Vegetation corresponds to climate. The reason why the northwest region is desert, Gobi, sandy land and grassland is caused by climate. It is far from the ocean, and the monsoon full of water vapor blowing from the eastern ocean in summer can't blow here. So the precipitation here is low, which can't meet the needs of tree growth. The average annual precipitation of 400 mm is the bottom line of forest growth. Below this value, trees cannot grow. Daxinganling? To the west of Taihang Mountain, the precipitation is less than this value, so there are few forests except mountainous areas. If the annual average precipitation is less than 200mm, even the grass can't grow, and it can only be a desert. This is the case to the west of Helan Mountain in Ningxia.
Planting trees in places where the annual precipitation is less than 400 mm requires water diversion. I call it the first law of afforestation.
However, there is a self-evident premise in afforestation: afforestation cannot rely on watering to maintain the growth of trees, because it is not worth the candle. We have all participated in tree planting, and the typical process of general tree planting activities is like this: spring? In the season of tree restoration, some people take saplings to a place without trees by car, dig holes one by one to plant saplings, cultivate soil, water them, compact them, and then leave. The subtext of afforestation is that there are no trees in a place, not for other reasons, but because there are no tree species and no saplings here. Actually, this is not the case: there are no trees in a place, not because there are no tree species and saplings, but because the climate, soil and other conditions are not suitable for trees to grow.
What about planting trees in the humid southeast?
This is the second law of afforestation: wherever trees can grow, they will grow by themselves.
So it comes from a conceptual top community? . Top community also means that even if human beings uproot all the plant communities in a place, after a period of time, nature will re-create the same communities as before. For example, a forest cut down by human beings will be restored to its original appearance as long as it is given enough time.
Not to deny the role of people. Afforestation can omit the intermediate link of vegetation succession and accelerate the acquisition of specific forests. This is ok for commercial use, but it is not necessary to improve the ecological environment. Because of the low ecological function of plantation, single tree species, simple hierarchy and poor stability. Most plantations have only one tree layer. Some people call it? Green desert? ; Natural forests have at least three levels of trees, shrubs and herbs, and each level has different kinds of animals to adapt, which is incomparable to artificial forests.
Therefore, for the sake of ecology, it is better not to plant trees, or wait, as long as trees can grow, God will certainly build one? Top forest? . We cannot be better than God.
Finally, I want to say:
Any large-scale afforestation project is suspicious.
Any index to improve the forest coverage rate is given by heaven.
The motherland does not need artificial greening.
The motherland should be taken care of.