He comes from a poor bureaucratic landlord family. Educated by Confucianism since childhood, I am full of illusions about life and hope to realize my ambition of "helping the poor" through my official career. Since the age of 29, he has served as Jiangzhou wine-offering, Zhenjun joining the army and pengze county. He was dissatisfied with the dark reality that Turkish landlords were in power at that time. When he was appointed as pengze county, he resigned from his post and went home only for more than 80 days because he didn't want to "bend over and fight for rice". It goes without saying that he wrote the word "come home and come to Xi". From then on, he devoted himself to self-financing until he died of poverty and illness at the age of 63. He is good at poetry, and most of his poems describe the natural scenery and his life scenes in the countryside. His excellent works imply his hatred and unwillingness to go with the flow of the decadent ruling group, but there are also negative thoughts such as "impermanence of life" and "happiness and peace of mind". On the other hand, poems with another theme, such as "Jing Ke Fu", show his political ambition, which is quite compassionate and generous. The most famous prose is Peach Blossom Spring. He invented some plots with objective narration and created a beautiful paradise. Through this story, he reflected the people's desire to hate war and pursue peace, and showed the author's dissatisfaction with real life and yearning for an ideal society. Tao Yuanming's poems are both plain and hearty, and his language is simple and natural, which is extremely refined. There is Tao Yuanming's collection.
Tao Yuanming's later evaluation
As a hermit in the troubled times at the end of the Jin Dynasty, it is conceivable that Tao Yuanming often interacted with Buddhism in Lushan Mountain in his later years, but their thoughts are not necessarily the same. Anyone who has carefully studied Tao's poems and knows the poet's life will know that Tao Yuanming is an atheist with a quiet appearance and a warm heart to help the world. When I was a teenager, I was ambitious, accepted Confucianism and hoped to make contributions. However, after being an official for a period of time, the reality disappointed him. He didn't want to go along with the people in power, so he chose a road to retire and return to the fields.
At this time he was influenced by Zhuangzi's philosophy. Because he had never lived in the countryside before, he had personally participated in labor and had contact with the working people, so he inevitably got some new feelings and inspirations in his thoughts. Therefore, in the Jin Dynasty, while advocating the style of writing, he was able to create a new form of pastoral poetry with unique style, which made great contributions to the history of China's poetry development. He never forgot this world from his "ambition to escape from the four seas" in his youth to his "ambition to stay in the world" in his old age. His masterpiece Peach Blossom Spring is precisely his vision for a society where people are self-reliant and friendly, without all kinds of troubles and poverty in reality. Even analyzing his seclusion and drinking in the background at that time contains the significance of expressing a certain degree of dissatisfaction and resistance to the dark rule at that time.
Of course, Tao Yuanming was, after all, a scholar-bureaucrat who lived in the feudal society more than a thousand years ago. There are many negative things in his thoughts and poems, such as living in poverty, eating, drinking and avoiding the world. However, due to his class preference, literary critics and poets of later generations pay more attention to appreciating and praising his characteristics in this respect, which is regarded as the essence of Tao's poetry.
Su Dongpo once commented on Tao Yuanming: "If you want to be an official, you will be an official, not disrespectful; If you want to be hidden, you will be hidden instead of looking for it. When you are hungry, you will buckle the door and beg for food; When you are full, welcome guests with chicken and millet. Ancient and modern sages are precious. " People attach importance to truth, so does poetry, which comes from people's truth, which is the main reason why Tao poetry has enduring charm.
In the words of Lu Xun, "Tao Qian is great because he is not completely silent."
Liang Qichao once said when evaluating Tao Yuanming, "Nature is his loving companion and always smiles at him". As he said, Tao opened a channel between nature and philosophy, and reached a reconciliation between the suffering of life and the purport of nature. Even the most common rural life scene shows an infinite and meaningful beauty in his works.
Back to the garden house
Few people do as the Romans do. Their nature is to love nature.
I sneaked into the official career network and have been away from the game for more than ten years.
Birds in cages are often attached to the forests of the past, and fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past.
Land reclamation in the south and return to the countryside.
The house is surrounded by about ten acres of land, thatched cottages.
Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital.
The neighboring village of the neighboring village is faintly visible, and there is smoke in the village.
Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster.
There is no dust and sundries in the yard, and the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely.
Trapped in a cage without freedom for a long time, I finally returned to the forest today.
the Peach Garden
In the middle of Shanxi and Taiyuan, Wu Lingren took fishing as his profession and walked along the stream, forgetting the distance of the road. Suddenly I met the peach blossom forest and grabbed the shore for hundreds of steps. There are no miscellaneous trees in it. Grass is delicious and English is colorful, which makes fishermen very different. If you go any further, you will want to be poor. If there is no water in the forest, make a mountain. The mountain has a small mouth and seems to have light. Leave the ship and enter through the mouth. Only by being narrow at first can we understand people. Take a few steps and you will be suddenly enlightened. The land is flat and spacious, so is the house. There are fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees and bamboo. The traffic in the building is so busy that chickens and dogs hear each other. Some men and women dressed like strangers. The yellow hair hangs low and enjoys itself. He was shocked when he saw the fisherman. He never asked what he said, so he had to go home and kill the chicken with wine. Xian heard that there was this man in the village, so he came to inquire. Since Master Yun avoided the chaos of Qin Dynasty, he led his wife to this desperate situation and never came back. So I separated from outsiders. You ask what this world is, and I don't know if there are any Han Chinese, regardless of Wei and Jin Dynasties. This man speaks every word with a sigh. The others went home, eating and drinking. Stop for a few days and resign. There is a saying in China: "It seems that outsiders are not enough!" Help the road when you get off the boat, and you are determined everywhere. And the county, Yi Taishou, said so. The satrap means to send someone with him to find what he wants, get lost, get lost. Nanyang Liu Ziji, when he was noble, heard about it, gladly planned to go, failed, and finally found the disease. Nobody took care of it after that.
1. Ode to the Seven Poor People
2. Drinking nineteen
3. The second part intends to elegy.
Step 4: Go back to the bird.
5. Drinking is the ninth kind.
6. Miscellaneous Poems (3)
7. In the year of Guimao, I began to miss the spring in Tian She.
8. Life Nine.
9. Drinking alcohol
10. convince agriculture to be the third
1 1. Stop the dark clouds.
12.3 month, Party B moved to the west for Jianwei military ambassador.
13. One is Master Guo.
14. Reading Shan Hai Jing (2)
15. Drink the tenth cup
16. Imitate the ancient
17. Answer Pang.
18. One of the children of life
19. Give it to Changsha Gonger.
20. Xie Jingyi Saburo, the ancestor of Zhou Xu.
2 1. Move to one of them.
22. The third is luck.
23. Second, praise the poor.
24. Drinking alcohol
25.responsibility
26. Answer Pang to join the army.
27. Care about thieves Cao and Hu.
28. Guiyuan ranked fourth.
29. Drink fifteen
30. Form a gift to God
3 1. You Xiechuan
32. The fifth is drinking.
33. There is Liu Chaisang.
34. Life is the seventh
35. Answer Pang to join the army.
36. Go back to the bird.
37. Xin Chou went to Jiangling for a night outing in July.
38. imitate the fourth.
39. Xie Jingyi Saburo, the ancestor of Zhou Xu.
40. Life Nine.
4 1. Drink nine cups
42. In mid-August, Chen Bing won the prize in Fei Xia, Tian She.
43. Reading Shan Hai Jing (5)
44. Read Nine Classics of Mountains and Seas
45. drinking seven
46. Drink eleven
47. In mid-December, Gui Mao worked with his younger brother and stayed away from him.
48. Murong III
49. Read Shan Hai Jing (XIII)
50. Drinking is one of them.
5 1. Reading Shan Hai Jing (7)
52. Give it to Changsha Gongyi.
53. Imitate Guba
54. The eighth poem
55. Drink thirteen
56. Back to birds.
57. Shadow answer form
58. Guiyuan ranked third.
59. Answer Pang to join the army.
60. Drinking nineteen
6 1. Ode to the Poor Third
62. In mid-September, Geng Xu harvested early rice in Xitian.
63. recite the fourth of the poor
64. Read Shan Hai Jing XI.
65. To Changsha Company.
66. The third poem
67. Imitate the past.
68. Drinking 18
69. Shen Shi
70. chant the fifth song of poverty
7 1. Imitate Guba
72. One of Murong
73. Quit drinking
74. The third poem
75. Back to birds.
76. Drinking alone in the rain
77. Shadow answer form
78. The fifth miscellaneous poem
79. Go back to your former residence
80. One is Master Guo.
8 1. Read Shan Hai Jing (1)
82. imitate the past.
83. Drinking is the tenth
84. Persuade agriculture to the fifth place.
85. In the year of Guimao, I began to miss the spring in Tian She.
86. Imitate Gu Liu
87. Third, praise the poor.
88. One is to convince farmers.
89. Stop the dark clouds.
90.shu
9 1. Back to birds, one of them.
92. Second, praise the poor.
93. The fifth is drinking.
94. Give it to Changsha Gongsan.
95. Answer Pang to join the army.
96. Miscellaneous Poems (2)
97. Fortune.
98. Persuade farmers.
99. Drink 17
100. Drink twelve cups
10 1. mirabilis jalapa
102. Go back and say goodbye.
Foreword: Yu Jia is poor, and farming is not enough for self-sufficiency. Naive and full of room, no millet in the bottle, born and endowed, not seen its skills. Some relatives and friends even advised Yu to be an officer, but he was pregnant and asked for the Tao. There will be things in all directions, princes take love as their virtue, uncles are poor, and I will take this as a small town. When the storm is not calm, he is afraid to go far away. Pengze went home for a hundred miles, and the profit of the public field was enough for wine, so he asked for it. And after a few days, there is a feeling of returning to China as soon as possible. What is this? Nature is nature, not by rectification. Although hunger and cold cut, but it is against their own diseases. Everyone who tastes from personnel is selfish. So I was disappointed, generous and deeply ashamed of my lifelong ambition. I still look forward to a glimpse, when I put away my clothes and die overnight. Sung Hoon's sister died in Wuchang, and she was relieved of her post. Mid-autumn festival to winter, more than 80 days in the official. Because things are going well, Life is called "Back to Xi". B I'm four in November.
If you come back, the countryside will be destroyed, Hu Bugui? Since the heart is the form of service, I am melancholy and sad alone! People who can catch up without admonishing the past; Not far from being lost, I feel that today is not yesterday. The ship is far away and the wind is blowing. Asking for directions, ex-husband, hate dawn.
It looks forward to Yu Heng and runs with joy. Servants are welcome and children are waiting for the door. The three paths are barren, and the pine chrysanthemum still exists. Bring children into the room, there will be wine bottles. Lead the pot to think for yourself and make the court happy. Leaning against the south window to send lofty sentiments, judge your knees to be comfortable. Garden Day includes fun, although the door is fixed and often closed. Help the old man to rest, and correct his head if he goes far. Clouds come out of holes unintentionally, and birds don't know when to fly. The scenery is eager to enter, and it is lonely and broken.
Come back, please rest assured that you will never travel again. The world is against me, what can I ask for? Please love words from relatives, play music and read books to eliminate worries. The farmer told Yu Yichun that he wanted to do something with Xichou. Or a towel cart, or a boat This is not only a gentle and elegant road to find ravines, but also a rugged road through hills. Wood is thriving and spring is blooming. When everything is fine, I feel that my journey of life is over.
I don't hold grudges anymore! How long will you live in the apartment? What does Hu Wei want? Wealth is not my wish, and the emperor's hometown cannot be expected. When you are pregnant, you can go alone or plant a stick. Deng and He Lin wrote poems together. Chatting until the end, Loew's fate is ridiculous!
In Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems, his boredom with dirty reality and his love for quiet pastoral life can be seen everywhere. In Returning to the Garden, he described officialdom as a "dust net", compared being in it to "catching birds" and "pond fish", and compared retiring from the countryside to rushing out of the cage and returning to nature.
Because of his actual labor experience, his poems are full of the joy of laborers, showing the thoughts and feelings that only laborers can feel. For example, the third poem "Returning to the Garden" is a powerful proof that this is the progress of his pastoral poetry.
The poet was disappointed with the reality and was forced to return to poetry to build an ideal society. Peach Blossom Garden poetry is a reflection of his ideological tendency.
In addition to his pastoral poems, Tao Yuanming also has poems praising warriors, poems full of patriotic enthusiasm and poems isolated from the world, which shows the complexity of his poetic thoughts.
Tao Yuanming's poems are mostly based on rural scenery and ordinary life, which are directly expressed by simple language and line drawing techniques, making people feel natural, cordial and sincere, without any traces of artificial carving, guiding readers to appreciate the relaxed and diluted feelings and enter the artistic conception created by the poet.
Biography of Mr. Wuliu (autobiography of Tao Yuanming)
Sir, I don't know who he is or what his last name is. There are five willows near the house because they think they are numbered. peachful
Say less and don't admire Li Rong. Good reading, not asking for a solution; Whenever I know something, I will happily forget to eat. Sexual alcoholism, poor family,
Often you can't get it, you will know when you are old, and you can also buy wine tricks. I got drunk after drinking it. Quit drinking,
I didn't hesitate to stay. The ring is bare and can't cover the windy days; Short brown collocation, numerous empty, Yan Ruyu! Continuous writing
Zhang amused himself and showed his ambition. Regardless of gains and losses, die because of it.
Praise: "Qian Lou's wife said:' Don't worry about poverty, don't take money.' What he said is true.
What is this? Write poems to reward his ambition. What about people who don't care about their families? GM Shi Tian's people? "
Five poems by Gui Yuantian Ju
one
Few people do as the Romans do. Their nature is to love nature.
Fall into the dust net by mistake, thirteen years.
Birds in cages are often attached to the forests of the past, and fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past.
I want to open up wasteland in Minamino and keep my humility to the fields.
The house is surrounded by about ten acres of land, thatched cottages.
Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital.
The neighboring village of the neighboring village is faintly visible, and there is smoke in the village.
Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster.
There is no dust and sundries in the yard, and the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely.
Trapped in a cage without freedom for a long time, I finally returned to the forest today.
Secondly,
There are few chariots and horses in the secluded places when the countryside makes friends with the secular world.
This day is still Chai Men closed, and the pure mind blocks the vulgar thoughts.
When complex market music, grass * * *.
When we meet, we don't talk about worldly affairs, only that the garden is long in Sang Ma.
My field is growing higher and higher, and my cultivated land is expanding day by day.
Often worried about sudden frost, crops wither like shrubs.
third
I planted beans at the foot of Nanshan, and the weeds in the field were covered with peas.
Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night.
The narrow path covered with vegetation, the night dew wet my clothes.
It's not a pity to get wet, but I hope it won't be against my will.
Fourth.
Long-term tourism mountain ze, wild forest entertainment.
Try to take your son and nephew and put them in the wild market.
Yiyi wandered between mountains and dragons, living in the past.
There are remnants in the well, and the mulberry and bamboo rot.
Excuse me, what is this person like?
The wage earners told me that "there is no rest after death".
"A lifetime in a foreign land" is really true!
Life seems illusory, and eventually it will be empty.
Fifth.
Alone in a sense of loss, I returned to my hometown with a staff member. The road was bumpy and in shock.
The mountain stream is shallow and meets my feet.
I'm drinking my newly cooked wine, and two chickens attract the latest game.
When the sun sets, the candle is lit instead.
The height is high and the height is short, and the east is getting white.
Drink 20 songs in a row
I live alone, stay up at night, occasionally have famous wine, and don't drink it every night. Gu Ying was alone, and suddenly he was drunk again. After getting drunk, I amused myself by asking a few questions. There is too much paper and ink to explain. Talking about the life of an old friend, writing it out, I thought it was a joke.
one
Decline and glory are uncertain, and each other is more * * *.
Shaosheng's Gua Tian is better than Dongling's!
Both hot and cold have metabolism, and that's human nature.
If a person understands his encounter, his death will no longer be suspected;
Suddenly I have a bottle of wine, and I am happy every day and night.
Secondly,
Good luck is rewarded, and Uncle Yi is in Xishan.
If good and evil should not, what is empty!
Ninety rope, hungry and cold.
It's good to be poor, who will pass it on forever.
third
After a thousand years of mourning, everyone cherishes the feelings of Tao.
I refuse to drink, but I care about the name of the world.
So, isn't your body living?
How many times can life be restored? It's like being electrocuted.
What can you do with this desire within a hundred years of fame!
Fourth.
Birds without birds fly alone at dusk.
Wandering endlessly, every night my voice becomes sad.
Li went to Qingyuan, where to go.
Because value is lonely, loose and distant.
There is no glorious wood in the strong wind, and this shade is absolutely unique.
I have my house, which has a history of 1000 years.
Fifth.
Building a house is human, and there are no horses and chariots.
What can you do? The heart is far from being self-centered.
Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely.
The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back.
That makes sense. I forgot what I wanted to say.
Sixth.
There are so many things, who knows right and wrong.
Contrast between right and wrong, and ruin the reputation.
For more than three seasons, Da Shi seems to be out of place.
Vulgarity is a fool, you should learn from Bo Huang.
Seventh.
Autumn chrysanthemums are bright and colorful, including dew and flowers.
Chrysanthemum wine is in the heart, the heart is more beautiful, and the feeling of avoiding customs is deeper.
Although you are alone, the cup is crooked.
As the sun sets, birds call to Lin Huan.
Intoxicated in the east window, let this life be this life.
Eighth.
Pine and cypress in the East Garden, with no posture in the grass.
First frost is different, you can see the tall branches.
Even foresters don't realize that being alone is strange.
Carry a pot to soothe the cold, look far and recover.
In my dream room, there is nothing to worry about.
Qijiu
Smell knocking at the door in the morning, turn it upside down and open it yourself.
Ask the son for whom? Father Tian has a kind heart.
I am far-sighted and doubt that I will keep pace with the times.
Under the grass eaves, it is not enough for high habitat.
I will live in Shang Tong all my life. May you pour mud into it.
I was impressed by my father's words, and I was very angry.
You can learn honestly, but you are not fascinated.
And * * * Huan this drink, I dare not drive back.
tenth
In the past, I traveled all over the world until the corner of the East China Sea.
It's a long way to go, Xiu Yuan, and wind and rain hinder the road.
Who made this trip? As if driven by hunger.
Just have a little when you are full.
I'm afraid this is not a name, and I'll go back to a leisurely place.
eleven
The feast was called benevolence, and Rong Gong said something.
A year is not for nothing, and you are hungry until you are old.
Although I left my name, my life withered.
You never know when you will die, but you'd better be content.
A guest raised the body of a daughter, and his treasure disappeared from his face.
Why is naked burial evil? People should understand what they mean.
twelve
Long-term workers have been officials, and they have lost time;
Duman won't come back. He's been dead all his life.
Zhongli returned to osawa, where the flurry began.
If you go to lunch, what's suspicious!
Go and be sarcastic. The secular world will bully you for a long time.
We talked for a long time, please don't bother me.
thirteen
Guests often stop at the same time and choose different places.
A gentleman is often drunk alone, but a husband wakes up all year round.
Laugh when you are drunk, but don't talk coquettishly.
Rules and regulations are stupid, but arrogance and poverty.
Send a message to a guest, and there will be no candles for a day.
fourteen
My old friend rewarded me with interest, and the pot was harmonious.
Ban Jing sat in Panasonic and got drunk after counting.
My father and his elders talked nonsense, and when he thought about it, he lost his line.
I didn't know I was there, so I knew things were precious.
Because of its lingering charm, this wine has a deep taste.
fifteen
The poor lack labor and the bushes are barren.
There are birds in the class, and there is no silence.
Where the universe is, life is as little as one hundred.
Time is pressing, and the temples are already white.
It would be a pity if a poor man was not appointed.
sixteen
Young people are scarce and swim well in the Six Classics.
If you are not confused, you will accomplish nothing if you stay for a long time.
In fact, I am clinging to poverty, hungry and full.
We live in Hengtai, where weeds have no front yard.
Keep the night brown, and the chickens will not crow in the morning.
Meng Gong is not here, so he finally saved my feelings.
seventeen
Orchids are born in the vestibule, containing breeze.
The breeze is blowing against the wind, and the weeds are fragrant.
Go on, lose my old way, conform to nature or Per.
When you wake up, you should think, and the bird will waste its bow.
eighteen
Ziyun is addicted to alcohol and comes from a poor family.
Time depends on good people, and mash is used to solve doubts.
If you do it, someone will consult you.
Sometimes you refuse to speak, you are not cutting the country.
The benevolent uses his heart, so he loses his silence.
nineteen
I used to be bitter and hungry, so I went to study and be an official.
I won't be able to feed myself, I will be frozen and bound.
In the new year, I am ashamed of my ambition.
So we parted ways, brushed our clothes and went back to the fields.
Ran Ran stars are full of air and graceful.
The world has a long road profile, so Yang Zhu stops.
Although there is no money to spend, there is nothing to rely on.
Twenty.
Xi Nong has been gone for a long time, and this world is rarely true.
Draw an old man in the middle of Lu, sew him up and make him pure.
Although the phoenix bird has not arrived, the ceremony and music are temporarily new.
Our eyes are spinning and floating, holding the crazy Qin.
What is the crime of poetry and calligraphy? Once turned to dust.
Just old people, sincere and diligent about things.
How beautiful? Six people have no relatives.
Driving all day, I can't see what I want.
If you don't drink quickly, empty the headscarf.
But hate is even more fallacious, so forgive my intoxicating.