1, understand the writing background of this poem, clear the writing obstacles and memorize it.
2. Perceive the emotional tone of the whole poem as a whole, dredge the general idea and grasp the writing context of the whole poem.
3. Appreciate the artistic features of this poem. Master the profound meaning and allusions of the key verses in this poem.
Teaching assumption
Shu Dao Nan is a masterpiece in Li Bai's poems, and its rich ideological content and high artistic achievements are recognized by writers and literary critics of all ages. There are always different opinions about the political meaning of this poem. In the teaching process, firstly, there is no need to delve into the political implications of poetry; Second, students should be given more space for autonomous learning, allowing them to have various viewpoints and opinions, and teachers should also give more guidance on poetry appreciation methods to help students read and learn independently and quickly improve their ability of independent thinking, analysis and problem solving.
The focus of teaching
On the basis of repeated reading, the whole poem is clarified: around the theme of the whole poem, "It is difficult to go to heaven", the height of Shu Dao, the danger of Shu Dao and the fierceness of the war in Shu Zhong are written respectively. Encourage students to express their opinions on the understanding of key sentences. It doesn't have to be the same, as long as it makes sense.
Difficulties in teaching
The difficulty in teaching this poem lies in the use of allusions in the poem and the grasp of the author's political thoughts. The solution to this problem is that while students study, discuss and ask questions independently, teachers supplement the necessary background knowledge and related materials to help students understand correctly.
Teaching assumption
This poem designs two teaching schemes:
1, teaching scheme for students' autonomous learning.
2. Teacher-guided teaching plan.
Class arrangement
Three classes.
The first plan:
first kind
[teaching points]
Understand the writing background of the work, the basic content and writing context of Shu Dao Nan, read it repeatedly and feel the emotional tone of the work.
[Teaching Contents and Steps]
First, the introduction of new courses.
The Shu road is difficult and dangerous, whether it is traffic or war. Since ancient times, it has been full of legends, and scholars of all ages have lamented it. So what kind of legends and dangers does Shu Dao have? Today, let's take a look at the masterpiece of Li Bai, a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty-An Introduction to Shu Dao Difficult. (blackboard writing)
Second, layout, check the preview homework
1, arrange the preview homework (this content will be arranged by the class representative in the last class or after class):
⑴ Learn about Li Bai's life and his poetic style by recalling other works he studied in the past.
⑵ Understand the writing background and purpose of this poem by consulting other materials (Internet, books, etc.). ).
⑶ Take notes after class and look it up in the dictionary to clear the writing obstacles, and read it repeatedly to understand the emotional tone of the whole poem.
⑷ Clear the context of the full text.
2, check the preview homework:
(1) According to the homework assigned before class, discuss in groups, learn from each other's strong points, recommend representatives to speak, and state the completion of this group's homework and the final content of the homework.
⑵ The teacher asks questions and answers them by name, and other students supplement them.
3. Teachers summarize relevant contents on the basis of inspection:
(1) The author's life and thoughts:
Li Bai (70 1 ~ 762), whose name is Taibai, is a violet layman. His ancestral home was in Ji Cheng, Longxi (now Qin 'an County, Gansu Province), and he immigrated to Central Asia in the Sui Dynasty for crimes. Born in Sheyecheng, Duhufu, Anxi (now Kyrgyzstan), he moved to Qinglian Township, Zhangming County, Mianzhou (now Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province) with his father at the age of five. He has been roaming around the country since he was young. In the early years, Tianbao lived in Chang 'an and worshipped Hanlin, and was soon demoted. In his later years, he drifted to the southeast and died at the age of 62 in Li Jiazhong, the magistrate of Dangtu County. When Li Bai was a child, his father gave him a traditional education. When he was young, he came into contact with Taoist priests and strategists, and was also influenced by Confucianism. His thoughts are complicated, which is reflected in his works. He was fearless and eager to make contributions, but he was extremely dissatisfied with the dark social reality at that time. He loves the mountains and rivers of the motherland, sympathizes with the lower class and despises the powerful, but he also has some thoughts of drinking to drown his sorrows and indulge in pleasure. There are more than 900 existing poems, all of which are included in Li Taibai Collection. Yuefu poetry accounts for about a quarter of all his works, and its representative figures, Shu Dao Nan and Fu Liang Yin, represent the highest achievements of his romantic poetry. It is also a master of five-character quatrains and seven-character quatrains. The five wonders are exquisite and far-reaching, and only Wang Wei can compare them. With mellow charm and harmonious syllables, the Four Musts are as famous as Wang Changling, and have been rated as a model of the 300-year history of the Tang Dynasty.
⑵ Romantic style of Li Bai's poems;
Recall Li Bai's academic poetry (mainly poetry that embodies romantic style) and summarize Li Bai's romantic poetry style.
Qiupu song
White hair three thousands of feet,
Fate is like a long sorrow.
I don't know. In the mirror,
Where to get autumn frost.
Wanglushan Waterfall
Rizhao incense burner produces purple smoke,
Looking at the waterfall hanging in front of Sichuan.
Flying down from 3,000 feet,
It's been nine days since I suspected that the Milky Way had set.
Wangtianmen mountain
Tianmen interrupted the opening of the Chu River,
Clear water flows eastward behind this.
Green hills on both sides of the strait are opposite.
Lonely sails come from the sun.
Zaofa baidicheng
Say goodbye to Bai Di,
Thousands of miles in Jiangling, one day.
Apes on both sides of the Taiwan Strait kept crying.
The canoe has crossed Chung Shan Man.
Strong romanticism is the artistic feature of Li Bai's works, with vigorous style, magnificent colors and fresh and natural language. He is the greatest romantic poet in China after Qu Yuan. He galloped his imagination, poured his passion into the objects he described with the bizarre realm of myth, and painted a magnificent and strange world with shocking pen and ink, so as to express the oppression and injustice in his personal arms. He made a incisive attack on the ugliness of feudal society. Du Fu once said that he "shocked the wind and rain with his pen, and made people cry with his poems", and Han Yu said that "Du Li's article is there, and its light is long". Yes, the strong love, hate and artistic charm in Li Bai's poems have been inspiring and inspiring people for thousands of years, and they are the treasures of our people's spiritual wealth.
⑶ The writing background and purpose of Shu Dao Nan:
By the Tang Dynasty, the commercial economy in central Sichuan was extremely developed, and people who entered Sichuan were happy but did not realize that the situation in this area was sinister. Since ancient times, it has been a feudal separatist land, and there is the possibility of rebellion at any time. "What if he is not loyal, but to his fellow wolves?" This is what the poem emphasizes. Gu's Record of the Day said: "Li Bai's Difficult Shu Dao should be between Kaiyuan and Tianbao. When people talk about the joy of Jincheng, they don't know the danger of being afraid of the road, and the danger of being in a different place, that is, what has been done is meaningless. " According to Meng's Skill Poem, he was amazed when Li Bai came to Beijing in the early days of Tianbao, calling Li Bai "a fallen fairy". Therefore, it can be seen that his creation time is not later than three years in Tianbao, and it is a work before the "An Shi Rebellion". Some people say that the "Jun" in the poem is Li Bai's good friend, and his works of the same period, Ode to Jiange and Send Friends to Sichuan, have proved this point (see appendix). Some people say it's just an empty road, that is, there is no real person, but all the people who travel in the west. In fact, it doesn't matter who "Jun" refers to. The purpose of writing poems is to tell people to "go home early" instead of just seeing the joy of "Jincheng", because the roads here are extremely dangerous and wars may occur at any time, which shows the author's wise political foresight. (The above materials can be projected or printed. )
(4) Words can be checked by asking individual students to write on the blackboard and explain on the platform, with comments after class as the main content.
Third, reading training.
1. Play "Difficult Road to Shu" and recite it with music, so that students can feel the grand momentum and unrestrained feelings of this poem.
2. Read together, read with the music, read with the whole class, and fully understand the emotional tone of this poem.
3. Self-reading, on the basis of further understanding the author's life, thoughts, work style, creative background and purpose, to understand the ideological content and writing context of this article.
Fourth, overall perception.
(This part of the teaching content is actually based on the preview of the pre-test class. )
Q: What is the main content of this poem?
The students answered.
The teacher made it clear that this poem depicts the magnificent image of mountains and rivers in Sichuan with amazing artistic exaggeration, rich imagination and majestic momentum, shows the poet's infinite love for the great mountains and rivers of the motherland, and also reveals the poet's deep anxiety about the warlord separatist situation at that time.
Q: What is the writing idea of the full text? (or what is the context of the full text? )
Students answer (not seeking uniqueness, but seeking rationality).
The teacher made it clear that the main line of the whole poem is "it is difficult to learn Shu Dao and go to heaven", which is an important embodiment of the intonation of the whole poem. Looking at the whole poem, the poet's idea of lamenting is: first lament the height of Shu Dao, then lament the danger of Shu Dao, and finally lament the chaos of Shu War. These three sighs penetrate between the lines of the poet's specific description and lyric frankness respectively.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) assigns homework.
1. Read the whole poem and recite the first paragraph.
2. Read the whole poem and find out the meaning of each poem.
Second lesson
[teaching points]
1, check the recitation.
2. Appreciative reading, under the guidance of teachers, analyzes and discusses the profound meanings of key sentences in the whole poem.
[Teaching Contents and Steps]
First, import
Shu Dao Nan is Li Bai's most romantic masterpiece. In the poem, the author describes the nature of mountains and rivers, not calmly and objectively, but with absurd imagination and extreme exaggeration, starting from expressing subjective feelings and strong reactions, showing the thrilling adventures of Shu Dao. The poet's imagination, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, is like a flowing river; All imagination and exaggeration are close to or beyond the limits of the essence of things, which is basically surreal. The resulting images, one after another, rush and rush, one after another, have strange meanings. Among them, the poet sighed, exclaimed and asked questions; The sigh of "it is difficult to get through the Shu Road, but it is difficult to get to the sky", like the main theme of music, repeatedly sings and sighs, which constitutes a strong sense of rhythm. In this way, this poem not only fully shows the majestic and steep momentum of the mountains and rivers of Shu Road, but also shows the ups and downs of the poet's passion, from which we can feel the flying of the soul and the broad mind. So, through which poems do poems express their thoughts? We will discuss it sentence by sentence.
Second, check reciting.
1. Ask individual students to recite the first paragraph by name and point out pronunciation errors and syllable errors in recitation (see "Reading Tips" for syllable changes and feelings of key sentences).
2. Read through the full text, understand the emotional tone, and lay a good foundation for specific analysis.
Third, appreciate and discuss key sentences.
Arrange discussion questions, students discuss in groups, cooperate and communicate, and finally the representative makes a concluding speech and the teacher corrects it.
1, with "Hey, hey, danger!" What's the role?
Obviously, the words "alas, alas, alas" are exclamations, which are the local dialect of Shu. "Alas, alas! High risk! " The connection and application of these exclamations are freely spit out by the poet under the impulse of passion, which contains huge and rich emotional power, making people feel the sublimity and danger of Shu Dao in these few specific exclamations, and fully showing the poet's broad mind of swallowing mountains and rivers.
2. "Until the two rulers of this area forced their way through in the foggy age! Forty-eight thousand years have passed and there is no contact with Qin Sai. " What is the use of this allusion?
Clarity: Here, the poet takes us to a long and chaotic historical time field. On the one hand, it strengthens the appeal of poetry from the distance of time; On the other hand, after such rendering, readers are curious about the situation in Sichuan. With such a long history, it has been isolated from the mainland for a long time, and no one has been there. What kind of scenes are there? People will feel that it is a strange, profound and mysterious place from the deep-rooted concept of Shu, and have a desire to explore.
3. "Once it was destroyed by an earthquake, some brave people lost it, and then the ladder stone stack was hooked." How to understand this poem? Is it superstition?
Qing: There is only a bird path between Qin and Shu, and there is no road. It was the ancient Hercules who moved down the steep mountain with their hands, killed the fierce snake, opened a passage for us and eliminated the long-term isolation between Qin and Shu. The poet expressed his high respect and heartfelt praise for the overwhelming strength of the strong and their heroic sacrifice. The use of this fairy tale is not superstitious at all, but a powerful and convincing tribute to the great creativity of human beings in conquering nature.
4. The second paragraph of this poem says that "we doubt whether this road to the west will never end" comes from "Jun", an imaginary friend. The terrible road is getting darker and darker. "To a friend's question," All these dangers are in danger. Well, people from afar are so stupid that they come here. " What are the advantages of writing like this?
Clear: The author is talking about the height of Shu Dao in the first natural section and the danger of Shu Dao in the second natural section. These concrete descriptions vividly describe the shapes of mountains and rivers. However, the author still feels that it is not in place, and uses the illusory brushwork of "discouraging" and "questioning" friends to compare the surprises and dangers of natural scenery from the side.
The main idea of this poem is to express the thrills of Shu Dao, but what are the functions of "Sad Birds" and "Crying Moonlight Night" written in the second paragraph?
Qing: In the first paragraph, the author described the unattainable Shu Road, changed the style of writing, and advised friends not to travel to the west, because it was not only difficult to travel to the west, but also the environment was desolate. Sad Birds and Ancient Trees and Moon Night in Zigui are full of infinite sadness and sadness, which makes people turn pale at the smell, rendering the desolate and desolate environment of the journey on the Shu Road and effectively setting off the difficulties of the Shu Road.
6. "Although the steeple is strong and severe, one person guards it, and ten thousand people cannot force it. What if he is not loyal, but a wolf to his companions? "What kind of political vision did the poet show?
Qing: The poet thought of the military importance of Shu Dao from its dangers, and thus thought of the possible disaster: "What if people on Shu Dao are disloyal and gorge themselves?" . The poet's anxiety about the serious crisis of the latent warlord regime at that time showed his keen observation and political foresight, as well as his deep concern for the fate of the country and the safety of the people, thus adding thought-provoking and serious ideological content to this poem praising the majestic and steep mountains and rivers.
7. The theme of the poem is "It's hard to get to the sky through the Shu Road". Why did the poet write a paragraph about the disaster of the Shu war at the end? What does this article have to do with the moral of this poem?
Clear: Judging from the content of the poem, this poem should be written by the poet when he bid farewell to his Sichuan friends in Chang 'an. In the poem, it is said that "it is difficult to get through the Shu Road, and it is difficult to go to the sky", which is intended to worry about the dangers of friends' trip. "We doubt whether this journey to the West will never end." Before he finished, he asked about the return date. The poet could not bear to leave his friends, and the feeling of leaving was self-evident. At the end of the article, I wrote about the tragic war disaster in Sichuan, aiming to warn my friends that Sichuan is not a place to stay for a long time. Jiange is a fortress in the middle of Shu, which can be seen from the fact that "the danger in Shu is in the world, and the danger in Jiange is especially in Shu". The danger of writing Jiange led to the war disaster in Sichuan, which is not only a continuation of the hardship of writing Shudao, but also a sublimation of farewell. It is difficult to go to Shu, but it is also difficult to stay in Shu. "Although Huang Cancan is the Silk City, I would rather go home as soon as possible", such a poem "The meaning of the wind" is natural and complete.
Fourth, summarize the structure of the full text.
Students can first make clear the idea of the full text and the main content of each paragraph, and the teacher can write it clearly on the blackboard.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) assigns homework.
1, recite the whole poem.
2. Understand the main expressive techniques of the whole poem.
The third category
[teaching points]
1, check the whole poem recitation.
2. Discuss and analyze its artistic features.
[Teaching Contents and Steps]
First, check the recitation of the whole poem.
1, ask individual students to recite the whole article or the last two paragraphs individually, and pay attention to correct pronunciation and syllables, especially reading momentum.
2, the whole class read together, found that individual reading unfamiliar, or not memorized, and then re-individual spot checks, and strive to make all students memorize.
Secondly, analyze the artistic features of this poem.
The teaching of this part can let students discuss in groups first, and talk about the outstanding artistic characteristics of this poem according to their own understanding. Each group of students is responsible for summarizing the students' speeches into several articles, then the teacher organizes the whole class to communicate, and finally the teacher summarizes and clarifies:
1, bold' exaggeration:
In this poem, the author successfully uses exaggerated expression techniques, which fully embodies the majestic adventures of Sichuan mountains and rivers. The difficulty of writing Shu Dao is "Shu Dao is difficult, it is difficult to go to the sky!" The towering mountain is "as high as a banner, and six dragons drive the sun". "So high, it is difficult for a yellow crane to climb". Write that Rapids Waterfall is "a waterfall that flies down with thousands of ways, and the cliff turns into stone". The history of Shu is "48,000 years have passed and there is no connection with Qin Sai". Write that people's panic is "pale even when they hear it!" Whether writing about mountains, water, feelings or things, they all use artistic exaggeration. These exaggerated artistic techniques make the most prominent essential features of landscape images appear in front of people with a higher attitude than the original images, giving people a strong and profound feeling. Is this really "such a height, even the experience of the yellow crane is difficult to achieve"? Is it really a mountain high? Can I go back to Japan? Is it really "difficult to go to the sky" that it is difficult to get through the Shu Road? Of course, this situation does not exist in real life. This is the exaggeration of art, and the images and characteristics of real life and objective things will be vividly displayed in an exaggerated magnifying glass.
2. Strange imagination:
Imagination is the soul of artistic conception and the basic method of expressing images. The imagination of the author of this poem is very strange, not ordinary artistic imagination, but changeable, endless and unexpected. "Panting, we passed Orion, passed Jingxing, then fell to the ground with our arms folded." What an amazing imagination! In order to explain the height of the mountain, he imagined that there would be "six dragons returning to the yang" to connect the sun with the mountain. Sometimes the poet stands on the mountain and "roams Wan Ren": "The highest cliff is only one foot from heaven." Sometimes he goes back to the distant historical era: "until two rulers of this area broke in in the foggy age!" Forty-eight thousand years have passed and there is no contact with Qin Sai. " His imagination alternates between high mountains and deep valleys, between moonlit nights and days. The space he imagined was very vast, unrestrained and ubiquitous. It is with this rich, free and peculiar artistic imagination that poets can find the most suitable life phenomena in the vast world, such as fairy tales, historical legends, the return of six dragons to the sun, the flying of yellow cranes, etc., and organize to express themes in their own poems, so that their poems have a magical momentum.
3. Strong feelings:
From beginning to end, "Difficult Road to Shu" is filled with a feeling of admiration and surprise. At first, "Eh, danger!" This exclamation strongly shocked people. After each specific description, the whole poem has some sentences that express subjective feelings separately. These amazing sentences, because they are the poet's concrete feelings immediately after the concrete description, can arouse strong * * * sounds in the reader's mind, thus strengthening the reader's feelings about natural scenery. In addition, even those specific descriptions are carried out under strong emotions. We read that "on the high flag, six dragons drive the sun, and far below, the river beats its twisted channel." Flying of the Yellow Crane ... "When writing these poems, we will feel that there is a majestic momentum and strong emotional power impacting us and shaking us. This feeling comes from the poet's deep feelings for natural scenery, and is expressed through the description of natural scenery. Therefore, the natural scenery is painted with the poet's emotional color, and the poet's subjective feelings are vividly expressed. Emotion and scenery have reached a high degree of unity.
4. There are various language forms:
Difficulties in Shu Dao is an ancient poem in Yuefu. This poetry genre does not need fixed words, sentences, levels and rhymes. There are no strict restrictions, and you can freely adopt appropriate language forms according to the needs of the content. Li Bai made full use of the characteristics of this genre to make the language form of poetry more free and lively. There are three words, four words, five words, seven words and nine words in the whole poem, which are uneven in length and are required by the content. The first half of the poem mostly uses long sentences, which are bold and unrestrained, and the mountains and rivers of Shu Road are exaggerated. In the second half, when writing about the dangerous environment of Jiange, four-word short sentences are often used, which can express strong jumping and frightened emotions. The diversity of language forms helps to express different images and emotions. The poet's strong, rich, ups and downs and changeable emotions must have this language form; Flat, uniform and unified sentence forms are not enough to express such rich inner feelings.
Third, listen to the whole poem recitation of Shu Dao Nan again to experience the feelings of poetry and deepen understanding.
Fourth, homework
1. Finish Exercise 1, 2 and 3 in writing after class.
2. The fourth sub-item of the third question can be used as a research topic and discussed after class.