1
From a macro point of view, there are differences in the genre they choose. From the aspect of ci, Zhu Shuzhen's ci collected 33 ci according to The Collection of Zhu Shuzhen, which was collated by Zhang Zhang and Huang She, and most of them were sad works that constantly entangled people's mood. Li Qingzhao's ci is also haunted by a lingering mist. Excluding the works that are in doubt, among the 43 poems that are unquestionable, 17 are directly marked with sadness, and most of the other works are full of strong sadness, thus forming the touching emotional tone of the works. In terms of poetry, Zhu Shuzhen's existing 337 poems cover a wide range, including poems about peasants and works for singing. Poetry is still the main work of describing love, hate and sorrow. Usually, "the joys and sorrows of Song people in their love life are not reflected in their poems, but often appear in their words ... Love, especially the openly smuggled love under the supervision of feudal ethics, almost all retreated from ancient poetry to modern poetry, and most of them moved from modern poetry to words." [1] And Zhu Shuzhen went against the current, expressing his feelings of sadness and resentment with poetry, and abandoning the hidden rules of flattery in poetry villages recognized by the literati in the Song Dynasty. As Deng Hongmei's History of Women's Ci says: "In terms of subject matter and content, she (Zhu Shuzhen) is not as strict about the difference between poems as Li Qingzhao. People in the Northern Song Dynasty used to express their ambitions with poems and record their leisure time, but mainly expressed their personal love and interest with ci, but she also included them in her poems. " [2] This is because she expresses her sorrow and hatred with poetry and presents her inner world with poetry. She is eager to get rid of all kinds of shackles that limit the free development of her mind, vent her feelings happily and freely disclose her inner secrets. As the poet Yu Pingbo said, "I only want to express myself, me among human beings, and me who lives for love in a casual and lively way with contemporary language.". As for the poems that are rhymed or blank, the poems that are inherited or created, that is, whether they are poems or not, it has nothing to do with my original intention. I think that if I care about these problems, I may have no intention to write poems at all, and there is no poetry at all. " [3] Ba Jin once said: "I write articles and novels because I have something I have to say in my heart, and I don't want to spit it out. In order to say it out, I just picked up a pen to write novels and articles." [4] Zhu Shuzhen is the same, so she chose poetry as a means to describe love, hate and sadness.
Second
Spring and autumn are easy to cause people's melancholy, so it is the traditional theme of China's ancient poems to grieve for spring and autumn. It's not natural that people have seven emotions, and they feel things and sing their ambitions. As an unequal power structure of divided people, the gender system of "women are the masters inside and men are the masters outside" in the patriarchal society drives women into narrow courtyards. The narrow activity space makes spring sorrow and autumn sorrow become the usual theme of ancient boudoir literature. Whether it is the mode of "chun sheng makes people sad" or "spring failure makes people sad", they are all associated with themselves because of the rhythm of nature's life, and then they compare the vibrant spring scenery in nature with the shortcomings of real life and get sad. Or because the flowers fade away and the good times don't last long, I think of myself being denied in reality, just like spring is hard to last for a long time and spring is hard to return, which is a proof of isomorphism and homogeneity between self and object. Zhu Shuzhen's "Cherish Flowers": "The DPRK can't bear to lean on it, and leaning against the tree is afraid to shake the branches and turn red." Show a little pity for safflower with a slender heart. Li Qingzhao "cherish the spring. It's raining at some time. " ("Little Crimson Lips") The sound of falling rain urges people to turn red and spring to return. When nature and people follow the law of ups and downs, it reflects from my cherish of life.
Third,
The sorrow of parting is also the same theme in their sad works. Both Zhu Shuzhen and Li Qingzhao were sad because of the departure of their loved ones. Behind the emotional separation lies the social consciousness that ancient women were regulated to be subordinate to men. On the one hand, male loyalty is mixed with the threat to women caused by the legalization of concubinage. At the same time, if we say that men will also suffer from the sadness of "Yang Liuan's dying moon", they will soon shift because of their pursuit of official career, which does not constitute the mainstream of life consciousness. However, women in ancient times were different. The marginal position of the courtyard made it difficult for women to freely enter and leave the social space. We can't find a reasonable way to transfer the beloved object after the vacuum is missing, so the focus of life is almost on parting. Zhu Shuzhen is sad and resentful because he is far away from the right person: tears are sad from thinking ("Nine Days"); You must believe in leaving your feelings and be strict (the first part of "Two Sorrow Poems"); Tears are only for other feelings (the first part of "Sleeping Two Songs"). Confined in the boudoir, she is heartbroken, and her pink tears tell the story of acacia. Li Qingzhao and her husband get along with each other, and her husband is far away, which makes her live alone and look through the autumn water. Yi Shizhen, a Yuan Dynasty poet, wrote in "The Story of Heaven's Library": "If Yi 'an is not married for a long time, Ming Cheng will travel far away. Yi Anshu couldn't bear to say goodbye, so he found the words "A Cut of Plums" in Jinpa Book to send it. " [5] 28 There is a cloud under his word: "Flowers drift and water flows by itself. One kind of acacia, two places of leisure. There is no way to eliminate this situation, only to frown, but to my heart. " The locked frown has just been stretched, and the feeling of mourning has returned to my heart. The author expresses his sadness and bitterness through subtle and euphemistic brushstrokes. This kind of worry is as light as honey intoxicated with love. "This is because the difference between Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng is short-lived. After all, they still have time to get together. Although they feel lonely, they will not despair; Zhu Shuzhen's sense of loneliness is endless, and hopes and expectations are unpredictable. Therefore, while sighing loneliness, it is often accompanied by the pain of disappointment. " [6]
If men and women are emotionally harmonious, women focus on their lovers. However, when this lifelong object was missing or withered, ancient women turned their eyes to their hometown to make up for the mental imbalance. Homesickness has also become the same theme in Li Qingzhao's and Zhu Shuzhen's works. In the traditional culture of China, the hardships of clan system and individual travel strengthen the homesickness of wanderers, and the hometown has the spiritual pillar of compensation value and the characteristics of consciousness beautification, so that the hometown has been transformed from an entity to a symbol. However, as an ancient woman, when her feelings were frustrated, her parents became the only harbor where she could have a rest for a while, so that her scarred experience could be temporarily smoothed. The expansion of mental rift between Zhu Shuzhen and her husband made her long to return to her parents and gain psychological pleasure. The second part of "Two Poems for Adults": I am homesick for my country, and I am thousands of miles away. "Seven Things in a Boat" (the seventh): The New Year's Day will be boring and boring, and the court will offer life to prevent the cup from being passed. I'm worried about who I hate, and I'm heartbroken for nine times. It can be seen how deeply she misses her parents, hoping to pour out her pain! While Li Qingzhao is in a foreign land, her husband dies and the country dies. "Where is my hometown?" ("Bodhisattva Man") This is a deep cry when you are in exile. "A little bit of rain will hurt northerners and I'm not used to listening." ("Add the ugly slave") shows the lonely and miserable mood of living in a foreign country because of the war. Therefore, Li Qingzhao's homesickness bears the grief of family destruction and national subjugation and has social value beyond the individual.