Jiangnan, the sound of green and red flowers, the waterside village in the foothills.
More than 480 ancient temples were left in the Southern Dynasties, and countless pagodas were shrouded in wind and rain.
Label: Other emotional scenery in the lyric landscape poetry season of Spring Palace
Birds are singing in the south of the Yangtze River, green grass and red flowers set each other off, and wine flags are flying everywhere in the foothills of water towns.
There are more than 480 ancient temples left over from the Southern Dynasties, and countless terraces are shrouded in wind, smoke, clouds and rain.
Notes 1. Ti Ying: Yan Yu, Ti Ying.
2. Guo: Outer city. This refers to the town.
3. Wine flag: a small flag hung in front of the door as a hotel symbol.
4. Southern Dynasties: refers to the regimes of Song, Qi, Liang and Chen that successively confronted the Northern Dynasties.
5. Four hundred and eighty temples: emperors and bureaucrats of the Southern Dynasties built Buddhist temples in Beijing (now Nanjing). According to the biography of Guo Zushen, the official history of South China, there are more than 500 Buddhist temples. The 480 Temple mentioned here is an imaginary number.
6. Loutai: pavilions and pavilions. This refers to the temple architecture.
7. misty rain: drizzle is like smoke and fog.
Appreciation of Jiangnan Spring The song Jiangnan Spring has enjoyed a high reputation for thousands of years. Four sentences, not only wrote the colorful spring scenery in Jiangnan, but also wrote its vastness, profundity and confusion.
"Thousands of miles of warblers sing green and reflect red, and the water town is full of wine flags." The beginning of the poem, like a rapidly moving focal plane, swept across the southern land: the vast south of the Yangtze River, orioles singing, green trees reflecting clusters of red flowers; You can see the villages by the water, the battlements by the mountain and the wine flags fluttering in the wind. Charming Jiangnan, moved by the poet's brilliant pen, is even more exciting. In addition to the richness of the scenery, I am afraid it is different from some garden attractions, confined to a corner, but because it is spread over a large area of land. Therefore, if there is no word "a thousand miles" at the beginning, these two sentences will be weak. However, Yang Shen in Ming Dynasty said in Poems of Sheng 'an Temple: "Who can listen thousands of miles away? "Thousands of miles of green, who can see? If you travel ten miles, you will see green and red scenery, village Guo, balcony, monk temple and wine flag. " For this kind of opinion, He Huan Wen once refuted it in Textual Research on Poems of Past Dynasties: "Even if you make ten miles, you may not be able to hear it. The title cloud "Spring in the South of the Yangtze River" shows that Wan Li in the south of the Yangtze River is vast, and among the Wan Li, birds are singing and reflecting the green. There are no wine flags everywhere in Shuicun Mountain, and most of the towers of the 480 Hall are in the misty rain. This poem is wide, so it is not allowed to refer to one place, so it is called "Spring in the South of the Yangtze River" ... "He's statement is right, which is for the needs of typical generalization of literature and art, and the last two sentences are the same. "Four hundred and eighty halls in the southern dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy." From the first two sentences, birds are singing, red and green are set against each other, and wine flags are flying. It should have been a sunny scene, but these two sentences are clearly written in misty rain, just because the rain is different everywhere within a thousand miles. But what needs to be seen is that the poet grasped the characteristics of Jiangnan scenery with typical techniques. Jiangnan is characterized by beautiful mountains and rivers, bright flowers, intricate colors, rich levels and strong three-dimensional sense. While reducing thousands of miles to a scale, the poet focused on the colorful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River in spring. The first two sentences of the poem are red and green, mountains and rivers, villages and battlements, movements and sounds. But these are not rich enough, and they only depict the bright side of Jiangnan in spring. So the poet added a wonderful stroke: "Four hundred and eighty halls in the southern dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy." The resplendent and magnificent Buddhist temple has always given people a deep feeling, but now the poet deliberately lets it linger in the misty rain, adding a hazy and blurred color. This kind of picture and color are in harmony with the beautiful scenery of "thousands of miles of warblers singing green and reflecting red, and the wind of national wine flags in water towns and mountains", which makes this picture of Jiangnan Spring more colorful. The word "Southern Dynasties" adds a distant historical color to this picture. "480" is a saying that the Tang people emphasize quantity. The poet first emphasized that there was more than one majestic Buddhist temple, and then sang a sigh like "There are several towers in the misty rain", which made people feel that Du Mu was particularly good at depicting beautiful and moving pictures with just four sentences and twenty-eight characters, showing a profound and beautiful artistic conception, expressing a ray of subtle and profound feelings, and giving people the enjoyment of beauty and the enlightenment of thinking. "Jiangnan Spring" reflects that the aesthetics in China's poems and paintings are beyond time and space, indifferent and free and easy, and have the thought of "epiphany" of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and what they show are mostly the differences in poetry appreciation of nostalgia, seclusion and freehand brushwork.
Some researchers put forward the "Irony Theory", arguing that the emperors of the Southern Dynasties were famous for Buddhism in the history of China, and that Buddhism in Du Mu's era was also a vicious development, while Du Mu had anti-Buddhism thoughts, so the last two sentences were ironic. Or think that the main idea is to respect Confucianism and exclude Buddhism, and express concern about the rulers' mismanagement of the country and the mistakes of Buddhism and Taoism; Or that the main idea is to satirize the present by borrowing from the past, satirizing the rulers' excessive construction of Buddhist temples will lead to weak national strength, depressed people's livelihood and aggravate social crisis. They think that the poets in the late Tang Dynasty have a feeling of worrying about the country and the people, and there is no lack of irony in aesthetics, and the connotation of poetry is richer.
Some researchers disagree. They just think that this poem only depicts the beautiful scenery of Jiangnan and shows the poet's praise and yearning for the scenery of Jiangnan. To understand poetry, we should first start with the artistic image, and should not make abstract inferences. Du Mu's opposition to Buddhism does not mean that he must hate the Buddhist temple architecture left over from history. In Xuanzhou, he often goes to Kaiyuan Temple and other places to play. I have also been to some temples in Chizhou and made friends with monks. Famous phrases such as "Cloud Temple in Jiuhuashan Road, Liu Fuqiao in Qingyi River" and "Wandering in autumn mountains and spring rain, leaning over the temple building in the south of the Yangtze River" all show that he still enjoys the balcony of the Buddhist temple.
The creative background of "Spring Scenes in the South of the Yangtze River" Author: In the late Tang Dynasty, when Du Mu lived in anonymity, the Tang Dynasty took advantage of the collapse of the building, and the separatist regime, the eunuch's exclusive power and the struggle between the Niu and Li parties eroded the giant's body bit by bit. On the other hand, ...
Du Mu (803- 852), the author of "Jiang Nan Chun Qian Li Ti Ying Qing Hong", was born in Mu Zhi, Fan Chuan, Han nationality, Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi). Du Mu was an outstanding poet and essayist in Tang Dynasty, the grandson of Du You, the prime minister, and the son of Du You. Tang Wenzong Daiwa was a 26-year-old scholar in the second year and was awarded the post of Hong Wen Pavilion. Later, he went to Jiangxi to inspect the ambassador's tent, and then turned to Huainan to inspect the ambassador's tent. He was the editor of the National History Museum, the food department, Bibi department and Si Xun, and the secretariat of Huangzhou, Chizhou and Zhou Mu. Because he lived in South Fan Chuan Villa in Chang 'an in his later years, he was later called "Du Fanchuan" and wrote "Collected Works of Fan Chuan". Du Mu's poems are famous for their seven-character quatrains, and the main content is to chant history and express emotion. His poems are handsome and natural, and cut into secular things. He achieved great success in the late Tang Dynasty.
Du Mu's Other Works ○ Qingming
Autumn night
Bo Qinhuai
○ Shandong Airlines
○ More works by Du Mu