(1) The role of a certain sentence in the article:
1. The beginning of the article: the opening topic; exaggerating the atmosphere (prose), laying the groundwork (narrative articles), and setting up suspense (Novel, but will not be tested in Shanghai), as a supplement for the following; lead the following;
2. In the text: connect the previous and the following; lead the following; summarize the above;
3. End of the text : Point out the center (prose); deepen the theme (narrative articles); echo the beginning (argumentative essays, narrative articles, novels)
(2) The role of rhetorical techniques:
< p> (1) Its own function; (2) Combined with the context of the sentence.1. Metaphor, personification: vivid and vivid;
Answer format: vividly write + object + characteristics.
2. Parallelism: imposing, strengthening the tone, cohesive, etc.;
Answer format: emphasizing + object + characteristics
3; asking questions: arousing readers Pay attention and think;
Answer format: draw readers’ attention and thinking about + object + characteristics
Rhetorical questions: emphasize, strengthen tone, etc.;
4. Comparison : Emphasized...Highlighted...
5. Repeat: Emphasized...Strengthened the tone
(3) Answer to the meaning of the sentence:
Like this In the title, there is often a word or phrase in the sentence that uses metaphor, contrast, metonymy, symbol and other expression methods. When answering questions, reveal the objects they refer to, and then clarify the sentences.
(4) Should a word in a sentence be replaced by another line? Why?
Verb: No. Because the word is written accurately, vividly and concretely...
Adjective: No. Because the word vividly describes...
Adverbs (such as all, mostly, very only, etc.): No. Because the word accurately describes the situation of... (expressing degree, expressing limitation, expressing time, expressing scope, etc.), after changing it, it becomes..., which is inconsistent with the facts.
(5) Can the order of two or three words in a sentence be reversed? Why?
No. Because:
(1) It is inconsistent with the rules of people’s understanding of things (from shallow to deep, from appearance to interior, from phenomenon to essence).
(2) This word has a one-to-one correspondence with the above.
(3) These words are in a progressive relationship, interlocking and cannot be interchanged.
(6) Summary of paragraph meaning
1. Narrative articles: answer clearly (when, where) who did what.
Format: (time + place) + person + thing.
2. Explanatory articles: The answer clearly explains what the object is and what its characteristics are.
Format: Description (introduction) + description object + description content (features)
3. Argumentative articles: Answer clearly what the discussion question is and what the author’s point of view is.
Format: What argument method is used to prove (demonstrate) + argument
(7)
Expression skills play an important role in the appreciation of ancient poetry. Techniques include allusion, foil, rendering, presentation, metaphor, supporting objects to express feelings, blending scenes, borrowing scenes to express emotions, combining movement and stillness, combination of reality and reality, euphemism and implicitness, contrasting techniques, allegory techniques, symbolism, puns, etc. Commonly used rhetorical methods in poetry include exaggeration, parallelism, parallelism, metaphor, metonymy, comparison, questioning, rhetorical questioning, repetition, etc. Commonly used terms for analyzing poetic language include: accurate, vivid, vivid, concise, incisive, concise, bright, fresh, novel, graceful, gorgeous, implicit, simple, natural, etc. When reviewing, you should systematically summarize various expression techniques and reserve relevant knowledge. We must first understand the characteristics and functions of these expression techniques, and then carefully appreciate and analyze them in combination with specific poems.
As for evaluating the ideological content of poetry and the author's opinions and attitudes, it includes summarizing the main purpose of the work, analyzing the social reality reflected in the work, and pointing out its positive significance or limitations, etc.
In short , the first step in appreciating ancient poetry is to grasp the content of the poetry. You can start from the following aspects: 1. Read the title and notes carefully; 2. Analyze the imagery; 3. Taste the artistic conception; 4. Contact the author. The second step is to clarify the skills: 1. Grasp the characteristics of the image; 2. Analyze the expression skills; 3. Explain the role of expression. The third step is to evaluate the content and viewpoints: 1. Summarize the main idea; 2. Contact the background; 3. Identify the priorities; 4. Comprehensive evaluation.
When answering questions, special attention should be paid to the following points: first, stick to the requirements and not talk in general terms; second, the main points must be complete and think from multiple angles; third, carefully consider the wording and strive to be accurate, concise, and specification.
Distinguish between easily confused terms
(1) Distinguishing between “methods and techniques”
Artistic techniques, also called expression skills, include:
< p> ①Method of expression: narrative, description, lyricism, discussion, explanation.②Expression techniques: rise, association, foil, circumference, echo, side view, symbol, contrast, from reality to imaginary, combination of imaginary and real, use of allusions, express feelings directly, use scenes to express emotions, embody emotions in scenes , blending scenes, supporting objects to express ambitions, borrowing the past to satirize the present, turning movement into stillness, combining movement and stillness, seeing the big from the small, and getting straight to the point.
③Rhetoric: metaphor, metonymy, exaggeration, antithesis, contrast, analogy, parallelism, question, rhetorical question, quotation, irony, repetition.
(2) The difference in the relationship between "emotion" and "scenery"
Using scenes to express emotions, embedding emotions in scenes, and blending scenes are all ways in which poets express the feelings they want to express through scenery. "Borrowing scenery to express emotions" expresses feelings more directly. After reading the poem, my feeling is that "emotions" are missing but "scenery" is not seen; "emotions are blended in scenery" and "scenes blend". There is not a word on the front when expressing feelings. After reading the poem, the feeling is that "scenery" is seen but "love" is not seen. However, after careful analysis, it is found that the poet's emotions are all contained in the natural scenery in front of him, and all the scenery words are love words.
(3) Angle of description
Common angles include: shape, sound, color, state, and taste. "Shape" and "color" are the visual angle; "sound" is the auditory angle; "state" is divided into dynamic and static; "taste" is the tactile angle.
Answer examples (06 Pudong New Area simulation) Answer 1: Agree. The article is titled "Mountain Pattern" and uses anthropomorphic techniques to describe the different temperaments of many mountains, giving them human spirituality: whether the mountains in the south are beautiful yet wild, or the mountains in the north are strong yet charming. , or the mountains in the west are dignified and silent... In short, the author's descriptions of mountains in different regions in different styles give people a full appreciation of the flavor of the mountains, and the writing is grand and steady. Answer 2: Agree. First of all, it uses a large number of personifications, metaphors and other rhetorical figures to endow the forms of mountains with rich personality and temperament; secondly, it selects materials and depicts the personalities of mountains in the south, north and west, giving readers a comprehensive understanding; finally, it uses The relationship between mountains and people is sublimated and concluded, expanding the space for thinking: the atmosphere is fully revealed. As far as the Shanghai College Entrance Examination is concerned, its concept is to serve students and to serve students entering colleges and universities, instead of standing on the opposite side of students, setting up problems and making things difficult for students. It will provide students with a stage and opportunities. The questions should be able to be answered, but they must be reasonable, well-prepared, and well-founded.
Moon means Que by Zhang Xiaofeng
"Moon means Que." This is the explanation from a monograph on philology two thousand years ago. Que means missing.
That explanation fascinated me.
Zeng Guofan named his residence "Qiu Que Zhai", Qiu Que? Why? Why not seek perfection?
The name also fascinates me.
What’s so good about “que”? "Que" is a bit like a part of ancient Chinese character, and I gradually fell in love with the realm of "Que".
Do I no longer love flowers and full moon? No, I just began to understand that flowers blooming is an accident, but at the same time I learned to love their "normality" when the moon is not full and the flowers do not bloom.
In Chinese tradition, the saying "Heaven and Earth are inexhaustible" is almost undoubtedly accepted by ordinary people. Perhaps due to the long-term hardship and hardship, Chinese mythology's explanations of heaven and earth are often surprising.
In "Huainanzi", we find that China's sky and China's earth were once injured, and Nuwa healed all the damage with her gentle and loving hands. At that time, the sky broke through, and Nuwa made five-color stones to mend the sky; the earth shook, and Nuwa broke off the claws of the divine turtle to stabilize the four poles. Like a capable housewife, she swept away a pile of reed ashes and stopped the flood.
Chinese people have always believed that heaven and earth also have their imperfections.
I really like the myth of an ethnic minority in southwestern China. They say that heaven and earth were created by the combination of gods and goddesses. At that time, the male god was responsible for creating the sky, and the goddess was responsible for creating the earth. When they completed the heaven and earth separately and planned to unite them, something terrible happened: the goddess was too diligent and made the earth too big, so that it could not be combined with the sky. However, they finally thought of a good way. They folded the earth to form mountains and valleys, and then the heaven and earth were combined.
Did the high mountains in the southwest inspire them and remind them of this myth?
The sky and the earth are flawed, but the flaws cause wrinkles, and the wrinkles cause the beauty of the peaks and valleys. The moon cannot always be round, and life is not as good as it should be. When we admit all these flaws calmly , we suddenly realized that nothing was unacceptable.
In another myth of the Han nationality, it is said that the earth was once knocked crooked by the Emperor Gong when he crashed into Buzhou Mountain. From then on, "the earth sank to the southeast", and the Yangtze River and the Yellow River were vast all the way. Miaodi flows eastward, flowing out thousands of miles of breathtaking scenery. The sky was also knocked crooked at that time, but in the opposite direction, towards the northwest. It is said that most of the sun, moon and stars fell in that direction with a crash. If we look up one summer night and suddenly find the direction in which the stars are shining, let us believe that the sky belonging to China is "leaning toward the northwest"!
For five thousand years, the Han people have lived with their spines straight in this crooked world, just because we believe that imperfection is not only acceptable, but also beautiful.
And has the moon ever been truly round? In fact, I have never seen a truly round thing in this world. Even a circle planned by a circle cannot be perfectly round if viewed with a high-end microscope.
The real circle exists in ideas, not in the real world.
All celestial bodies appear spherical when viewed from a distance, but they are not absolutely round. The earth is approximately elliptical.
Even if we admit that the moon is roughly round, it still means "when it is square and round, it is when it is missing." Just like the bell ringing at twelve o'clock, when you hear the bell, it is no longer twelve o'clock.
It is good to have flowers blooming morning and evening, but at what point can a person who really appreciates flowers not enjoy flowers? When the green buds emerge from the ground timidly, the flowers are already hidden there; when the buds quietly give birth, the flowers are there; when the petals are in full bloom, the flowers are there; when after a rain, only the flowers are visible. When there is green manure, the flowers are still there; when the fruit matures, the flowers are always there.
Whether you see it or not, the flowers are always there. Whether it's waxing or waning, the moon is always there. Don't be a flower-looker for a while! Don’t be a moon-admirer overnight! Is there any moment in life that is not beautiful and complete? At which moment should we not worship, express gratitude and rejoice? Because we have loved the full moon, let us also love the missing moon - they are the same moon!
19. "Fascinates me" is mentioned twice at the beginning of the article. What is the purpose of this writing? (4 points)
Explanation: If you look at the keywords "beginning" and "function" in this question, and then find its source from the text, you will be able to understand that this is a question that examines the function of a paragraph or statement. The function of the opening paragraph is to arouse the following, set up suspense, lay out foreshadowing, pave the way for the following, set the emotional tone, highlight the main theme, etc. The reference answer gives two points, but we can be more detailed if we write it ourselves.
The first point is to write the meaning of the paragraph or sentence: these two sentences describe the feelings that Wai Yue brings to me, and express the author’s love for Wai Yue.
< p>The second point is to look at its role in the full text: these two sentences directly describe my fascination with Que Yue, which pave the way for the following expressions of love for Que Yue and set the emotional tone.Reference answer: The two "fascination" illustrates the state of the author gradually falling in love with "que" (or: "lack" is the normal state of things and contains beauty); (2 points) The author writes this way It sets up suspense, is unique and thought-provoking; it also lays the foundation for the following explanation of the philosophy of "Full Moon". (2 points)
Comparing the two answers, the key points are similar, but the terminology is quite different. In terms of scoring, it should be 3 points, maybe 4 points if better.
20. The main part of the article quotes three myths and legends. What are the benefits of writing like this? (4 points)
Explanation: "Main part", "Quote from legend", "Benefits"
This question actually also examines the role of paragraphs in the text, but focuses on the content.
This article is about the moon and my love for the moon. Under the premise of clarifying the central theme, everything is in service of expressing my love for the moon. The myths and legends here are either written from the front to express the love for the moon, adding a romantic color to the love, or they are written from the reverse side. The idea is also very simple. Now that the theme has been determined, all techniques and content must serve the center. As long as you stick to this point, the answer will be easy.
The answer still has two parts: the first is the myths and legends themselves: these myths and legends have written about people’s expectations and love for the moon since ancient times.
The second point is It plays a role in the purpose and content of the article: the author uses myths and legends to enrich the meaning of the article, bringing a romantic color.
Reference answer: Through these myths and legends, the truth that "heaven and earth also have their imperfections" is clarified. (2 points) Use these myths and legends to enrich the content of the article and create a simple and distant artistic conception (or enhance the mystery of the article, or enhance the literary talent of the article). (2 points)
Comparing the two answers, you can also find that the key points are basically the same, that is, the basic points and key points will not be lost, but there may be differences in the specific text organization.
21. How to understand the meaning of the sentence at the end of the article "Because we have loved the full moon, let us also love the missing moon - they are the same moon!" (4 points)
Explanation: To understand the meaning of a sentence, just return to the original text, find its context, and clarify the key words in the sentence.
This sentence is at the end of the article, so it has the attribute of the end: summarizing the full text and sublimating the main idea. So when thinking about it, you still have to consider the main purpose of the article. At the same time, there is this statement in front of this sentence: Don’t be a flower-eater for a while! Don’t be a moon-admirer overnight! Is there any moment in life that is not beautiful and complete? At which moment should we not worship, express gratitude and rejoice? The meaning is obvious, that is, don't focus on one moment or one night, life is always beautiful, and every moment should be joyful.
In this way, don’t the “full moon” and “missing moon” in this sentence correspond to the happiness and unsatisfaction of life? Doesn’t the same moon also mean the same life?
To explain it directly: We like the good things in life, and we also like the unsatisfactory things in life, because these are all part of life.
(Explanation of the original sentence) Let us treat life with peace and optimism, whether it is good or bad. (Extended play)
Reference answer: In things in the world and even in life, perfection and perfection are only relative; perfection and perfection often accompany defects and dissatisfaction (they are originally the same moon). (2 points) We should be more understanding, open-minded and optimistic about things or life. (2 points)
22. The language of this article is very distinctive. Let me give two examples and give a brief appreciation. (6 points)
Explanation: In terms of language characteristics, usually memorize more terms, such as clear, bright, melancholy, elegant, etc.
I won’t go into details here.
22. ① The language of the entire article contains magnificence in simplicity and simplicity, and philosophy is found in simplicity and simplicity. (2 points) For example, "The real circle exists in the idea, not in the real world." "Just because we believe that imperfection is not only acceptable, but also beautiful." The profound philosophy of life is narrated, allowing People feel like they are sitting in the spring breeze after reading it. (1 point for example analysis, appropriate) ② The article is good at using rhetorical techniques of personification and parallelism, which enhances the rhythmic beauty and poetic beauty of the article. (2 points) For example, "When the young green buds timidly poke their heads out of the ground, the flowers are already hidden there..." This paragraph makes full use of personification and parallelism, and the language is vivid; if you taste it carefully, it will fill your mouth with fragrance. (1 point for example analysis, just appropriate)
Added a bit, I hope it will be helpful to you.