Before Xie Lingyun, China's poems were mainly freehand brushwork, and the description of objects only occupied a subordinate position. Tao Yuanming is an expert in freehand brushwork. His life is poetic, and so are his feelings. Writing poetry is only a natural expression, so he has no intention to imitate mountains and rivers, but to write a state of mind that is integrated with the scenery.
However, Xie Lingyun is different. Mountains and rivers occupy a major position in his poems, and "writing things with extreme images" (Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long) and "skillful workmanship" (Zhong Rong's Shi Pin) have become his main artistic pursuits. He tried his best to capture the objective beauty of landscape scenery, refused to let go of every detail of the purpose, spared no effort to outline and describe it, and tried to reproduce it truly one by one.
2. A realistic comparison between Tao Yuanming and Xie Lingyun's poems.
In Tao Yuanming's poems, he attaches great importance to the role of implication and gives full play to the inspiration of language, so as to arouse readers' association and imagination and realize what can only be understood but not expressed. The description of objects in Tao's poems is often sketched, although only a few strokes, but under the plain appearance, it contains warm feelings and rich flavor of life.
Xie Lingyun's poetic language pays more attention to realism. He gave full play to the expressive force of language and enhanced the effect of describing objects in language. With careful observation and keen feeling, he described the scenery in detail with accurate language, and tried to truly reproduce the beauty of nature.
3. Comparison of the poetic art between Tao Yuanming and Xie Lingyun.
Tao Yuanming has an idyllic farming life experience that ordinary literati have never had, and has many contacts with working people. Farming life itself is simple and natural. It can be said that life has given Tao Yuanming great love, which made him form his own unique style with fresh, natural, calm and peaceful as the keynote in the era when metaphysics prevailed and aestheticism dominated the whole literary world.
But Xie Lingyun's poetic art, like his arrogant personality, fully embodies the poet's personality characteristics. Xie Lingyun's landscape poems are incisive and vivid. He has a keen sense of the natural beauty of mountains and rivers, can observe the beauty of mountains and rivers in depth and in detail, has superb artistic expression ability, and can vividly describe various forms of objective nature, which often amazes people.
Extended data:
Both of them belong to the pastoral school, Tao Yuanming is an idyllic poem, and Xie Lingyun is a landscape poem. To understand the connections and differences between their poems, we must start with their thoughts. Their different thoughts and life experiences determine the theme of their poems, and have a more profound impact on their poetic art and expression skills.
Tao Yuanming was born in a declining official family and had a great revenge for helping ordinary people. He worked as a few small officials. He is high-definition in Geng Jieqing, free and easy, simple and kind, and hates political corruption and officialdom struggle. Because he didn't bow to the children in the village for the sake of fighting rice, his arrogant personal nature in Geng Jie was incompatible with the habit of catering to officialdom, which was the inevitable result of his return to nature when he could not adapt to officialdom.
Xie Lingyun was born in the gentry class, and Liu Song adopted the policy of suppressing the gentry. In order to avoid political persecution and balance fierce inner conflicts, he had to adopt the philosophy of seclusion, staying in officialdom and seclusion in mountains and rivers, which not only achieved temporary peace of mind, but also achieved the purpose of causing far-reaching harm to the whole body.
It can be seen that Xie Lingyun is obsessed with officialdom. There is an essential difference between Tao Yuanming and his complete break. In his poems, Tao Yuanming blends into the countryside as a hermit to show his pleasure, while Xie Lingyun amuses himself by traveling around the mountains.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Tao Yuanming
Baidu Encyclopedia-Xie Lingyun